A <- as.list(0:9)
        B <- as.list(0:9)
        f <- function(x, y) x^2+y

        OUT <- list()
        for (n in 1:10) OUT[[n]] <- f(A[[n]], B[[n]])
        OUT
        [[1]]
        [1] 0

        [[2]]
        [1] 2

        ...

zip <- function(x, y){
    stopifnot(length(x)==length(y))
    z <- list()
    for (i in seq_along(x)){
        z[[i]] <- list(x[[i]], y[[i]])
    }
    z
}
E <- zip(A, B)

lapply(E, function(x) f(x[[1]], x[[2]]))

[[1]]
[1] 0

[[2]]
[1] 2

 ...

‘mapply’ is a multivariate version of ‘sapply’.  ‘mapply’ applies
     ‘FUN’ to the first elements of each ...  argument, the second
     elements, the third elements, and so on.  Arguments are recycled
     if necessary.

OUT <- lapply(1:10, function(x) (A[[x]]^2 + B[[x]]))

OUT <- lapply(1:10, function(x) f(A[[x]], B[[x]]))

en = c("cattle", "chicken", "pig")
zh = c("牛",      "鸡",      "猪")

dict <- new.env(hash = TRUE)
Add <- function(key, val) dict[[key]] <- val

mapply(Add, en, zh)
##  cattle chicken     pig
##    "牛"    "鸡"    "猪"