2018-07-10 Grammar: coordinating conjunctions

Greg Malivuk
[email protected]
http://www.pastebin.com/u/gmalivuk - notes from all classes
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Homework: p. 188 exercise 2 - Choose correct connectors (there may be more than one answer).
Check your answers with your partners. Why did you choose the answers you did?
1 on the other hand
2 However (We need a sentence connector / conjunctive adverb here, not a conjunction)
3 Moreover (This is additional information. It’s not a consequence of or a contrast to the previous information.)
4 As a result (We need a sentence connector here.)
5 and (We could also end the sentence here with no “and”, and begin the next sentence with 6.)
6 under such circumstances (If we only used one connector, it would be “so”.)
7 Even though
8 [no connector]
9 however / on the other hand (“In spite of this” introduces information that is surprising, given the information from the last sentence.)
10 In addition
11 However
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“In spite of” ends with a preposition, “despite” is a preposition, “in addition to” ends with a preposition.
Prepositions go before nouns, noun phrases, and noun clauses.
“the fact that” can go at the beginning of a sentence to make a noun clause.
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Coordinating conjunctions to connect parallel forms
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The complete list of coordinating conjunctions is “FANBOYS” (for and nor but or yet so).
All of these can connect independent clauses.
“and”, “nor”, “or”, and “but” can connect other parallel structures, too.
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Parallel structures have the same parts of speech and grammatical form.
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I like camping and to ride my bike. - NOT parallel
-> I like camping and riding my bike. (parallel)
-> I like to camp and ride my bike. (parallel)
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p. 193 - With your partner, combine these sentences with coordinating conjunctions to make them less redundant.
1 Jeff likes cleaning, but Matt doesn’t.
2 Jeff may go home for a visit or travel to France on his vacation.
3 Matt and Jeff don’t plan to return to their hometowns to live.
  Matt doesn’t plan to return to his hometown to live, and neither does Jeff. / Jeff doesn’t either.
  Neither Matt nor Jeff plan to return to their hometowns to live.
4 Jeff likes getting up early, but Matt doesn’t.
5 Both Jeff and Matt always wanted to have a dog.
6 Either Matt or Jeff might take the dog to the park this afternoon.
  Matt might take the dog to the park this afternoon, or Jeff might.
  Both Matt and Jeff might take the dog to the park this afternoon. (This is also correct, but has a different meaning than the other options.)
7 Matt likes dancing and meeting friends at nightclubs.
8 Both Matt and Jeff come from small towns (in the Midwest).
  Matt comes from a small town in Kansas and Jeff comes from one in Wisconsin.
  Matt and Jeff come from small towns in Kansas and Wisconsin, respectively.
(“respectively” means the first from the first, the second from the second)
  Matt and Jeff come from small towns, Matt from Kansas and Jeff from Wisconsin.
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Paired conjunctions:
Both...and
Either...or
Neither...nor
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He likes cleaning and cooking fish.
This has two possible meanings:
1) He likes cleaning. He also likes cooking fish.
2) He likes cleaning fish. He also likes cooking fish.