import win32com.client  # You need to install the module: "pypiwin32"


Outlook = win32com.client.Dispatch("Outlook.Application").GetNamespace("MAPI")  # Opens Microsoft Outlook


def getFolderIndex(COMObjectFolders, folderName):
    i = 1  # Folder index. Used to access the right main folder.
    while True:
        try:
            if COMObjectFolders.Item(i).Name == folderName:
                break  # At this point we have the right index
            else:
                i += 1  # Next Folder
        except:
            i = None  # We did not find out our folder index
            break
    return i


def getFolder(COMObjectFolders, folderName):  # Wrapper
    return COMObjectFolders.Item(getFolderIndex(COMObjectFolders, folderName))


myMainFolder = getFolder(Outlook.Folders, "[[your email (imap) or main folder name]]")
mySubFolder = getFolder(myMainFolder.Folders, "[[Subfolder such as Inbox or whatever]]")

myEmails = mySubFolder.Items

def extractAttachments(COMObjectMailItems, howMany = "all"):
    # howMany parameter controls how many last received emails to go through
    if howMany == "all":
        numberEmails = COMObjectMailItems.Count  # Used to loop by the number of emails in the folder
        lastEmail = 0  # The index-1 of the email to stop at. Used in range().
    else:
        numberEmails = COMObjectMailItems.Count
        lastEmail = numberEmails - howMany
    outputAttachments = dict()  # Used for output. Which is a dict {'filename-date' : attachment}
    for i in range(numberEmails, lastEmail, -1):
        message = COMObjectMailItems.Item(i)
        attachmentsList = message.Attachments
        if attachmentsList.Count > 0:
            n = attachmentsList.Count
            for j in range(1, n+1):
                outputAttachments[str(attachmentsList.Item(j)) + "_" + message.CreationTime.Format()] =\
                    attachmentsList.Item(j)
    return(outputAttachments)

savePath = 'C:\\Users\\[[user name here, or change path competely]]\\Desktop\\Inbox'  # Where to save attachments

myAttachments = extractAttachments(myEmails, howMany=1)  # howMany = 1 was used to check the most recent email received

def saveAttachments(attachments, path):
    for key, attachment in attachments.items():
        attachment.SaveAsFile(path + '\\' + str(attachment))

saveAttachments(myAttachments, savePath)  # Has an obvious side effect - Saves files to disk