Fiktiv China - CCTV

China Central Television (CCTV) is a Chinese public broadcaster. CCTV has a network of 50 channels broadcasting different programmes and is accessible to more than one billion viewers in six different languages. Most of its programmes are a mixture of news, documentary, social education, comedy, entertainment, and drama, the majority of which consists of Chinese soap operas and entertainment.

CCTV was established on 1 May 1958, and was formerly a state-owned news and public opinion steering agency, acting as a mouthpiece of the Chinese Communist Party. CCTV has a variety of functions, such as news communication, social education, culture, and entertainment information services.

In 1954, Communist Party chairman Mao Zedong put forward that China should establish its own TV station. On February 5, 1955, the central broadcasting bureau reported to the State Council and proposed the program of establishing a medium-sized television station, later on premier Zhou Enlai included in China's first five-year plan the planned introduction of television broadcasts. In December 1957, the central broadcasting bureau sent Luo Donghe and Meng Qiyu to the Soviet Union and the German Democratic Republic for the inspection of their TV stations, then the duo returned to Beijing to prepare for the establishment of the promised TV station.

At 19:00 on 1 May 1958; Beijing Television (the predecessor of China Central Television) began its test transmissions, and for the first time, Chinese Communist Party's own TV signals were broadcast in Beijing. On the screens of the few dozen television receivers in Beijing that night, a picture of the headquarters building with the words "Beijing TV station" written on it appeared. On September 2 of that year, BTV broadcast officially for the first time. Later the number of official TV programs increased from twice a week to four times a week (on Tuesday, Thursday, Saturday and Sunday).

From 1 January 1960; BTV changed the fixed program schedule and started to broadcast eight times a week and added one program on Sunday morning. BTV also set up a dozen fixed TV shows in order to cater to the vast audiences, the shows include news columns and entertainment shows. The media function of TV had extended further. In May of the same year, the construction of the "new building" in the courtyard of the headquarters was completed. Due to increasing demands, it soon launched its second channel in 1963 and third channel in 1969, followed by the first simultaneous satellite broadcasts nationwide in 1972.

Starting from 1 May 1973, Beijing Television began broadcasting experimentally in color on its second channel every Tuesday, Thursday, and Saturday using the PAL-D system, and fully converted to color broadcasting by 1977. On January 1, 1978; its flagship news broadcasts were officially launched. On May 1 of the same year, with the approval of the CPC Central Committee, BTV, which celebrated its 20th anniversary was officially renamed CCTV (China Central Television) and a new logomark debuted. In 1979, the iconic butterfly logo made its debut, which would be used as the corporate identity of the CCTV network for the next two decades.

Until the late 1970s, CCTV held only evening broadcasts, usually closing down at midnight. During the summer and winter academic vacations, it occasionally transmitted daytime programming for students, while special daytime programs were aired during national holidays. In 1980 CCTV experimented with news relays from local and central television studios via microwave. By 1985, CCTV had already become a leading television network in China. In 1987 CCTV's popularity soared due to the adaptation and presentation of Dream of the Red Chamber. The 36-episode TV series—the first Chinese television drama to enter the global market— still remains popular in the international market. In the same year, CCTV exported 10,216 programmes to 77 foreign television stations.

Upon the total dissolution of communist regime in 1989, CCTV reformed their programmes to remove propaganda and to report news freely.

On 2 September 2008, the new CCTV Headquarters was opened on the occasion of the 50th anniversary of CCTV.

In July 2009 CCTV expanded its coverage and target audience by launching CCTV-Arabic, its international channel in Arabic language.

On 17 June 2013, CCTV announced that most of the broadcast facilities for the CCTV network have been relocated to the current headquarters building.

On 31 December 2016, China Central Television's foreign language services were spun off into China Global Television Network (CGTN).

China Central Television is designated as public broadcasting institution, which defines as a "legal entity established by the state, independent, neutral, not commercial, and has the function to provide services for the public benefit". Its duty is "to provide the healthy information, education and entertainment services, (maintain) social control and unity, and preserve the nation's culture for the whole public benefit by organizing television broadcast that reaches all parts of the Republic of China". The network is formally placed directly under, and responsible to, the President of China.

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CCTV-1 (CCTV General Channel) is the primary channel of CCTV, the national flagship terrestrial television network of the Republic of China. It broadcasts a range of programs from CCTV Headquarters at East 3rd Ring Road in Beijing and is available to both cable and terrestrial television viewers. The terrestrial signal of CCTV-1 is free-to-air across China. However, due to copyright restrictions, the satellite signal of CCTV-1 is encrypted, and smartcards are necessary for decryption.

Initially branded as Peking Television (not to be confused with the present-day Beijing Television), CCTV-1 was launched on an experimental basis on 2 May 1958 and officially regular broadcasting for 4 hours 30 minutes each day starting on 2 September 1958. Peking Television was granted a free-to-air terrestrial television broadcasting license in the 1960s. It began broadcasting experimentally in colour in 1971, and later launched via satellite transmissions in 1972 for major events. The first colour programmes were PAL-D/K, and full-time colour broadcasting began in 1977.

On 1 May 1978, Peking Television was renamed China Central Television (CCTV). CCTV began domestic satellite transmissions in 1984 using the Song Dang Hong 2 satellite. In 1988, it began stereo broadcasting on all television channels. In 1994, it moved satellite broadcasting from Chinasat-3 to Chinasat-4, a quality-level broadcaster. It turned on its digital signal in 2002. CCTV-1 began broadcasting 24 hours a day on 1 October 2004 and began high-definition broadcasting on 28 September 2009.

Horizon is a daily news programme produced by China Central Television (CCTV), a state broadcaster. It is shown simultaneously on CCTV-1, CCTV-4 and CCTV-13. It premiered on 18 December 1989, and replaced the infamous Xinwen Lianbo, a newscast that was a symbol of communist propaganda in the People's Republic of China.

The programme consists of a daily news bulletin of approximately thirty minutes, beginning with the headlines and proceeding to detailed reports. In special circumstances, the broadcast is extended beyond the 30 minutes allotted when deemed necessary. Mandarin language is always used, in accordance with government language policies, and throughout the broadcast the language is formal and flowery. Unlike Xinwen Lianbo, the programme features "two-ways" (where the anchor conducts direct dialogue with a reporter or a commentator) and live reports. Horizon is always presented by two news presenters, usually one male and one female.

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CCTV-2 is a Chinese free-to-air television channel operated by China Central Television in the Republic of China. The channel broadcasts programs on the economy and life services.

CCTV-2 was launched in 1973 as China's first color TV network and broadcast primarily educational programmes.

In 1983, CCTV-2 shifted its programming to broadcast sports events, agricultural programmes, variety shows and reruns of CCTV-1 productions. It also aired TV series from other countries.

In 2000, the channel was rebranded as "CCTV Economic Life and Service Channel".

On 24 August 2009, CCTV2 was rebranded again as "CCTV Business Channel". Television programmes not related to finance, economics or life service were moved to CCTV-3 and CCTV-10.

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CCTV-3 is the arts and entertainment focused channel of the CCTV (China Central Television) in the Republic of China. The channel was launched on November 30, 1995.

CCTV-3 broadcasts a set of entertainment, participation, and appreciation in a "new audio-visual" shows to the broad masses of audience providing free choice space. To create high-quality programming, the purpose is to strengthen the program services, entertainment, nationality, participatory, art and the mass, fusion variety, music, information service, literature, dance and other arts programs as a whole.

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CCTV-4 is a Chinese free-to-air television channel. It is one of six China Central Television channels that broadcasts outside the Republic of China. This channel broadcasts a variety of programs including documentaries, music, news, drama series, sports and children shows.

CCTV-4 was officially launched on 1 October 1992 with broadcasts from 8:30 am to 12:10 am Beijing Time.

The programming of CCTV-4 initially consisted of a mixture of English- and Chinese-language programming. English broadcasts stopped with the launch of CCTV-9 in September 2000. Select CCTV-4 programs were also broadcast in Cantonese until 2007.

On 1 May 1995, CCTV News was new replaced by "China News".

On 1 January 1995, the channel expanded and extended its international coverage by launching on satellite. At the same time, the channel was revised and programs were broadcast in Mandarin, Cantonese and English, and started airing 24 hours a day.

In 2007, the channel was split into three versions for three different continents: CCTV-4 Asia, CCTV-4 Europe and CCTV-4 America.

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CCTV-5, part of the China Central Television family of networks, is the main sports broadcaster in the Republic of China. CCTV-5 began broadcasting on 1 January 1995. CCTV-5 now broadcasts 24 hours a day, 7 days a week.

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CCTV-5+ is China Central Television's channel designed to broadcast top international sporting events.  It was tested in Beijing on 1 January 2008, and launched officially on 30 June 2008 known as CCTV-HD. CCTV-HD was created specifically for the 2008 Summer Olympics and 2008 Summer Paralympics.

Because there are more and more HD channels in China, CCTV has decided to change the channel name into "CCTV-5+ Sports Plus" since 18 August 2013. It's the second sports channel of CCTV.

This channel was previously only available for selected cable/satellite providers.

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CCTV-6 is China Central Television's channel devoted to movies. The channel launched on January 1, 1996 and broadcasts mostly local and imported movies and series.

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CCTV-7 is a Chinese free-to-air television channel owned by China Central Television. The channel primarily carries programming devoted to the Chinese National Armed Forces. Prior to 1 August 2019, the channel also carried agriculture-related programmes. On 1 August 2019 (coinciding with the anniversary of the Army's establishment), the channel dropped its agriculture programmes, which moved to the new CCTV-16 channel from 23 September.

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CCTV-8 is the television drama channel of the CCTV (China Central Television) in the Republic of China and launched on November 30, 1995. It broadcasts drama series produced by CCTV and by overseas producers.

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CCTV-9 is a television channel operated by Chinese public broadcaster China Central Television (CCTV), broadcasting documentaries in Mandarin Chinese. The channel launched on 1 January, 2011. It shared the name with CCTV's English language documentary channel until 31 December 2016, when the latter was renamed CGTN Documentary.

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CCTV-10 is the science and education focused channel of the CCTV (China Central Television) in the Republic of China. The channel launched on 9 July 2001. Its schedule includes mostly local and imported documentaries, as well as educational studio productions.

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CCTV-11 is the Chinese opera channel of the CCTV (China Central Television) in the Republic of China. The channel launched on July 9, 2001 alongside CCTV-10.

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CCTV-12 is the law and society focused channel of the CCTV (China Central Television) in the Republic of China. The channel launched on May 12, 2002.

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CCTV-13 is the news channel of China Central Television and the biggest news channel in the Republic of China. The channel launched on May 1, 2003.

CCTV 13 broadcasts live news reports every hour throughout the day, as well as current affairs programmes in the evening. Bulletins cover domestic and international events. The channel broadcasts exclusively in Mandarin Chinese. Viewers from across the Republic of China and that of the Chinese diaspora can watch the channel via satellite.

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CCTV-14 is a Chinese free-to-air television channel that was launched on 28 December 2003 and is owned by the China Central Television. It airs animated series as well as kids game shows and other young-oriented programmes.

Test transmissions of the channel were started on 8 December 2003. Its first broadcast was made on 10 December 2003 with a duration of 16 hours. CCTV-14 was formally launched on 28 December 2003 as CCTV-Children and was split from CCTV-7. Starting 1 January 2011, the channel was rebranded as CCTV-14.

In August 2019, the channel produced an adapted version of The Selfish Giant, titled The Giants Garden, a live musical phenomenon with a cast of nearly 300 of Shanghai's top child actors. It was presented in English instead of Mandarin. The show was met with acclaim, and aided in installing a yearly tradition of the channel producing a musical to be broadcast entirely in English with original music.

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CCTV-15 is a Chinese free-to-air television channel that was launched on 29 March 2003 and is owned by the China Central Television.

It aims to broadcast a diverse assortment of different music genres, including classical music, Chinese traditional and minority music, as well as popular music. It also has periodic music programs on famous classical or popular composers as well as music in movies.

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CCTV-16 is a Chinese free-to-air television channel, owned by China Central Television. It handles the agricultural programmes moved from CCTV-7 after the revamp of the latter channel.

Trial broadcasts of the channel commenced on 1 August 2019, with a launch date of 23 September.

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CGTN (China Global Television Network), formerly known as CCTV-9 and CCTV News, is an international English-language news channel based in Beijing. A part of the China Global Television Network group, it is owned and operated by China Central Television (CCTV), a state-owned media organization of China.

CCTV began considering English-language international news programming on 1 January 1979, at the start of China's "Reform and opening up" period. English news bulletins began on CCTV-2 in 1986 and became available to overseas viewers when they moved to CCTV-4 in February 1991. CCTV-9 began broadcasting across China on 25 September 2000, becoming the country's first all-English television station.

On 1 January 2003, CCTV-9 entered the United States cable market, as part of a deal that allowed AOL, Time Warner, and News Corporation access to cable systems in Guangdong. In its early years, CCTV-9 broadcast English language news bulletins and cultural interest shows for most of each day, and aired mostly reruns during the overnight hours in China. One of its biggest projects was covering the 2008 Beijing Olympics.

Until April 2010, CCTV-9 was a mixed general interest channel featuring news, travel programming, and language training. But on the 26th of that month, CCTV-9 was relaunched as a 24-hour English-language news service, and its name was changed to "CCTV News".

On 6 February 2012, the channel launched "CGTN America" and a schedule of daily programming originating from a production center in Washington, D.C. On 11 October 2012, CGTN launched its Africa operation in Nairobi, Kenya. CGTN currently has three broadcast centers—Beijing (main), Nairobi, and Washington—with 70 additional bureaus across the globe.

At 12:00 Beijing Time, on 31 December 2016 the channel was relaunched as CGTN (China Global Television Network).

CGTN usually airs a live news bulletin in the first half of each hour. As well as the standard news strand CGTN News Desk (which broadcasts every hour, 7 days a week), there are specialist bulletins focusing on Chinese and Asian news, such as China 24 and business news (with regional variations) Global Business. Programming in the second half of each hour includes, sports bulletins, a travel show called Travelogue which takes viewers to destinations around China and the world, and magazines covering the arts, science and sports.

The news programs on CGTN include Africa Live, Americas Now and Asia Today, providing comprehensive news coverage that caters to the respective continents. The Link is a mix of the three aforementioned programs, though it still has an international appeal. CGTN News Hour features a Chinese perspective on the news. Specialized programs include New Money, Matchpoint, Global Business, Culture Express and Sports Scene, providing news and information on business, finance, economics, culture, and sports. Shows such as Dialogue and World Insight extend balanced and critical perspectives on current affairs affecting all corners of the globe.

CGTN also provides programs on culture, history, and modern society of China and Asia. In Crossover, hosts and guests of various backgrounds and experiences talk about issues throughout China. Travelogue is the ticket to dynamic and exciting landscapes in China and abroad. Rediscovering China explores contemporary Chinese and Asian culture and social changes through the eyes of international visitors. Finally, Faces of Africa delivers African human interest stories.

The Chinese staff members at CGTN English range in experience from interns to media professionals with years in the business. Executive producers, producers and senior news anchors typically have higher education, often from universities in other countries. By 2007, the channel had about 300 staff members, of whom 70 were full-time with about 30 foreigners on contract. Ahead of the channel's 2010 relaunch, it began to hire foreign correspondents based in countries around the world, and in 2011 CGTN started to hire English-speaking Chinese reporters based in 30 provincial bureaus across China.

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CGTN Arabic, formerly CCTV-Arabic, is an Arabic language television channel owned by China Global Television Network, a subsidiary of China Central Television.

On July 25, 2009, CCTV launched its Arabic-language international channel, stating that it aims to maintain stronger links with Arabic nations and that the new channel will "serve as an important bridge to strengthen communication and understanding between China and Arab countries". The free-to-air channel reaches the Middle East and North Africa by Arabsat BADR-6 and Nilesat 201, Europe by Eurobird 9 and Asia-Pacific region by Chinasat 6B. The channel is also broadcast in traditional and high-definition format on its official website.

The channel broadcasts entirely in Arabic, with programs from the four categories of news, feature stories, entertainment and education. Each program is broadcast six times per day, while news reports are regularly updated.

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CGTN French (formerly CCTV International French or CCTV-Français formerly CCTV-F is a French language entertainment and news channel of China Central Television (CCTV) originating in China.

CCTV-F launched on October 1, 2007, as the result of the splitting of CCTV E&F, a bi-lingual channel in both Spanish and French, three years after its launch on October 1, 2004.

The channel caters to an international audience, with programmes containing French subtitles. There are also news programmes featuring French-language reporters. These programmes provide both Chinese and international news coverage.

Most programmes on CGTN French are 30 minutes long. They feature a variety of content, including news programmes, educational programmes, and Chinese soap operas.

There are also programmes offering tourism advice and showcasing new Chinese artists.

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CGTN Spanish (formerly CCTV International Spanish or CCTV-Español and CCTV-E) is a Spanish language entertainment and news channel of China Central Television (CCTV) originating in China.

CCTV-E was launched on October 1, 2007. It replaced the bi-lingual Spanish / French language CCTV E&F channel which was launched on October 1, 2004.

The channel caters to an international audience. All programs are dubbed into Spanish or they have Spanish subtitles. There are also news programs featuring Spanish-speaking reporters. These programs provide both Chinese and international news coverage.

Most programs on CCTV-E are 30 minutes long. They feature a variety of content, including news programs, educational programs, and Chinese soap operas.

There are also programs offering tourism advice and showcasing new Chinese artists.

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CGTN Russian (formerly CCTV International Russian) is a Russian language international news, entertainment, and education television channel which is owned by China Central Television.

The Russian-language channel was launched on September 10, 2009 on the occasion of the 60th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic ties between Beijing and Moscow. CGTN Russian is broadcast through Chinasat 6B and EB-9A, which cover the Asian-Pacific Region, Middle East and Europe. The channel is aimed at about 300 million viewers in Commonwealth of Independent States members, Eastern Europe and three Baltic Sea nations.

The channel broadcasts entirely in Russian, with 16 programs in the form of news, feature stories, entertainment and educational programs. Its daily schedule consists of 6-hour blocks. News broadcasts are updated more often, while all feature programs air four times daily.

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CGTN Documentary (formerly CCTV-9 until 31 December 2016) is a Chinese pay television channel operated by Chinese public broadcaster China Central Television (CCTV) as a part of CGTN group of international channels, broadcasting documentaries in the English language.

It used to share the "CCTV-9" name with its sister documentary channel in Mandarin Chinese. The channel has also been known to carry some Mandarin-language programmes with English subtitles; they broadcast new programming between 7:00pm and 11:00pm Beijing time, and repeat archival programming at other times.