2018-07-31 TOEFL: word roots, reading vocab

Greg Malivuk
[email protected]
http://www.pastebin.com/u/gmalivuk - notes from all classes
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Word Roots (list 1) - With your partner, try to figure out the meaning of each root.
ab (abduct, abdicate) = away
ad (advocate, addition, advance) = to/toward
aer/aero (aerial, aerate) = air
agri/agro (agriculture, agribusiness, agrarian) = field
ambi (ambidextrous, ambiguous, ambivalent) = both
amb/ambul (amble, ambulatory, ambulate) = walk/move around
ami/amo (amiable, amorous) = love/friendship
andro (android, androgen) = man (In the specifically male sense. The female root is “gyn”.)
anim (animate, animal) = soul/spirit/movement
ann/enn (annual, millennium, anniversary) = year
ante/anti (antecedent, anteroom, anticipate) = before
anthropo (anthropology, philanthropy) = human
anti (antibacterial, antisocial) = against
aqua (aquamarine, aqueduct, aquarium) = water (sometimes specifically fresh water)
arch (monarch, hierarchy, archbishop) = first (in importance)
archa (archaeology, archaic) = old (first in time)
art (artist, artifact, artisan) = skill
astro (astronomy, astrology) = star
aud/audi (audience, audible) = hear
auto (automatic, autograph) = self
bell (belligerent, rebellious) = war
bene (benefit, benevolent) = good
bi (bilingual, bilateral, bisexual) = two
bio (biology, biography, biosphere) = life
cept/ceive (intercept, receive) = catch/capture (these words come from the same root)
cardi/cardio (cardiac, cardiology) = heart
carn (carnivore, carnal) = meat/flesh
cede/ceed (intercede, exceed) = go
cent (century, centimeter, centennial) = hundred
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Reading Question Types:
- vocabulary
- purpose
- paraphrase
- inference
- reference
- fact
- negative fact
- sentence insertion
- summarize
- organize
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Vocabulary Questions: DELTA p. 49-54 give different context clues you can use to figure out the meanings of new words.
(The first few clues are not common for vocabulary questions, but they are still useful for figuring out other new words in a text.)
7 List or Series
“Because of their similar teeth, [1] and [2] are believed to have evolved from the same ancestral groups as the [3], [4], and other [5].” (Maybe you don’t know what any of these words are.)
- They have teeth, so they’re animals.
- They’re all (probably) evolved from the same ancestors.
- [5] includes animals like [3] and [4] (“other mustelids” means some mustelids have already been mentioned, namely weasels and badgers)
- You know that “mustelids” is a group of animals that includes weasels and badgers, even if you have no idea what weasels, badgers, seals, or walruses are.
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p. 56-57 - Take 4 minutes to answer questions 1-4. Did you use any of the clues from the earlier pages to identify the correct answer?
1 D
2 A
3 B
4 A
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BREAK
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p. 58-59 - Take 6 minutes to finish exercise 1.3.A. Then check with your partner. Convince them of your answer if you disagree.
5 A
6 B
7 A
8 D
9 C
10 D
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Handout (Cengage) exercise 2.1 - Explain the highlighted words in your own words.
Passage 1
1 uninteresting, dull
2 continuous
3 sunset / evening twilight
4 basic
5 weak, not bright
6 trash, garbage
7 walk around
Passage 2
8 took control/power
9 course of study
10 courses you can choose to do
11 emphasized
Passage 3
12 group close together
13 fog
14 bright, light-emitting
15 broken pieces left over
16 a few
17 grieving
Passage 4
18 alone
19 eye-catching, strong, forceful
20 clear (images pass through it)
21 searched (especially for food)
22 fearful, easily startled
23 evading, escaping
Passage 5
24 disadvantages
25 legally responsible
26 fights
27 harm (persistently, like a disease)
28 finish, end
Passage 6
29 cut
30 last, final
31 extremely small
32 understand
33 expand
34 unclear, blurry
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Homework: finish the handout (exercise 2.2)