2017-03-21 TOEFL: word roots, listening function

Greg Malivuk
[email protected]
http://www.pastebin.com/u/gmalivuk - notes from all classes
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whistleblower - someone who exposes wrongdoing in a company or other organization
security theater - policies and practices that make it look like something is safer or more secure, but which don’t really do anything
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Word List 3 - With your partner, think of one or two words to explain the meaning of each root.
ego = self
endo = inside
equi = same (especially for quantifiable things)
(equ = horse, as in “equine” and “equestrian”)
erg = work (“erg”, “work”, and “organ” all come from the same root)
esth/aesth = feeling (a lot of ‘aesth’ words specifically relate to beauty)
eu = good
ex/ect = out/outside (as a hyphenated prefix, it has the meaning of “former”, because if you are out of the relationship with your ex, it means they are your former partner)
	In many cases where you might use “ex-” in Spanish or Portuguese, we just say “old” in English.
extra = outside/beyond
fac/fact = make
fer = carry
*fix = attach
flect/flex = bend
fore = front/before (“first”, “fore”, “front”, “pre-”, “pro-”, and “prim-” all come from the same root)
fract/frag = break
fug = flee/escape
funct = perform
gen = make/create
geo = Earth
graph = draw/write
grat = thanks/pleasure
helio = sun
hemo = blood
hetero = different
homo = same
hydro = water/fluid (It can specifically mean “water” or can more generally mean other fluids.)
hyper = over
hypo = under
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hyper/hypo
super/sub
ultra/infra
over/under
- These pairs have approximately the same meaning, but can have different specifics:
supersonic/subsonic = over or under the speed of sound
ultrasonic/infrasonic = over or under the frequency of audible sound
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BREAK
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https://mdmetric.com/tech/coinmeasure.htm - Useful information about the size and weight of US coins
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Listening Section: second section, 60-90 minutes, 2 or 3 sets of three passages
Listening question types:
- function
- detail
- main idea
- purpose
- inference
- attitude
- prediction
- organization
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Listening Function and Attitude questions
DELTA p. 246 - Listen to the conversation and answer the question. The test will ask function questions when a speaker indirectly states or implies something, not when they say it directly and explicitly. If you have to infer something about the speaker (rather than the topic of the conversation or talk), it’s often a function or attitude question.
- Function and attitude questions ask you for information about the speakers. You need an understanding of English conversations to answer these.
- Inference and purpose questions ask you for information about the topic. You need your notes and logic for these.
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p. 247 - With your partner, think of one or two ways a speaker could (indirectly) perform each of these functions in a lecture or conversation.
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Longman Intro p. 123 - Listen to the conversation and answer the questions.
1 C
2 B
- Sometimes the function depends on the intonation and attitude of the speaker.
p. 124
3 D
4 A
5 C
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ETS guide Listening practice sets (p. 143)- Listen and take notes, then answer the questions in your own words.
1 He wants to talk about his research project.
2 (function question) - to offer encouragement
3 charts, journal notes, statistical tests
4 To give an example of her way of remembering things.
5 Read the draft version of his report before he makes the final.
1 To explain Aristotle’s theory of happiness.
2 teaching: intrinsic
  exercise: extrinsic
  health: both
  playing an instrument: intrinsic
5 (function question) - The reason she chose the job is not to make money.