$database = Drupal::database();
$result = $database->select('media_field_data', 'm')
->fields('m', ['mid'])
->condition('m.bundle', 'gallery')
->leftjoin('node__field_related_gallery', 'n', 'media_field_data.mid = node__field_related_gallery.field_related_gallery_target_id')
->leftjoin('field_related_gallery_media_field_data', 'd', 'node__field_related_gallery.entity_id = field_related_gallery_media_field_data.nid')
->range(0, 5)
->execute()
->fetchAllKeyed(0, 0);
dpm($result);

SELECT media_field_data.mid AS mid,
field_related_gallery_media_field_data.nid AS
field_related_gallery_media_field_data_nid
FROM
{media_field_data} media_field_data
LEFT JOIN {node__field_related_gallery} node__field_related_gallery ON
 media_field_data.mid =
 node__field_related_gallery.field_related_gallery_target_id AND
 node__field_related_gallery.deleted = '0'
 LEFT JOIN {node_field_data} field_related_gallery_media_field_data ON
 node__field_related_gallery.entity_id =
 field_related_gallery_media_field_data.nid
 WHERE (media_field_data.status = '1') AND (media_field_data.bundle IN
 ('gallery')) AND (field_related_gallery_media_field_data.nid IS NOT NULL)
 LIMIT 26 OFFSET 0