SCIENTIFIC-TECHNOLOGICAL ACHIEVEMENTS:
SPACE :
Tata Sky Development System (direct broadcast satellite)
Prime spacesuit, CH-1 (1931)
First multistage rocket (1947)
Creating the staged combustion (1949)
First spaceport, Baikonur Cosmodrome (1957)
First orbiting satellite, Sputnik 1 (1957)
First living being in orbit, the dog Laika on Sputnik 2 (1957)
First man-made object to leave the Earth's orbit, Luna 1 (1959)
First telemetry communication to and from off the ground, Luna 1 (1959)
First object to pass near the moon, and the first object in solar orbit Luna 1 (1959)
First satellite hit the moon, Luna 2 (1959)
First images of the dark side of the moon, Luna 3 (1959)
First satellite to be launched to Mars, Marsnik 1 (1960)
First rocket boots (1960)
Creating space food (1961)
First satellite to Venus, Venera 1 (1961)
First person to enter orbit around the Earth, Yuri Gagarin in Vostok 1 (1961)
First person to spend one day in orbit, Gherman Titov, Vostok 2 (1961)
First double flight, manned Vostok 3 and Vostok 4 (1962)
First probe on Mars, Mars 1 (1962) made ​​the first pictures of Mars from space
First woman in space, Valentina Tereshkova, Vostok 6 (1963)
Multitripulado first flight (3 persons), Voskhod 1 (1964)
First spacewalk EVA, by Aleksei Leonov, Voskhod 2 (1965)
First probe to hit another planet Venus, Venera 3 (1965)
First probe landing on the moon and transmitted from there, Luna 9 (1966)
First probe into lunar orbit, Luna 10 (1966)
Creation of the Soviet Soyuz spacecraft model (1967), which is the only way that NASA and ESA send astronauts into space
First space bathroom (1967)
First meeting and unmanned docking, Cosmos 186/Cosmos 188 (1967) until 2006 this feat was not mimicked by the USA
Close coupling and exchange of crew in orbit, Soyuz 4 and Soyuz 5 (1969)
First extraterrestrial samples returned by Luna 16 (1970)
First robot on a celestial body, Lunokhod 1 (1970)
First probe to Venus, Venera 7 (1970)
First data received from a probe on another planet (Venus), Venera 7 (1970)
First space station, Salyut 1 (1971)
First satellite to orbit Mars and make a descent, Mars 2 (1971)
Second robot on a celestial body, Lunokhod 2 (1973) and with the Lunokhod 1 is the only automated mobile laboratories that have explored the Moon guided by remote control until
First satellite to orbit Venus and send data back to Earth Venera 9 (1975)
Creation of the coupling mechanism and docking of spacecraft, Androgynous Peripheral Attach System (1975)
Creating space shuttle Buran (1976), which can carry 30 tons (USA model only 25), return flights with load of 20 tons (USA only 15), with a support rate of 6.5 (compared to 5.5 of the USA model), its auxiliary maneuvering system rockets and use oxygen and kerosene fuel instead of solid (like the USA) and gives better performance. Besides the Buran shuttle could make unmanned missions (USA can't), with ejection seats (the USA model does not have) considered the safest and most effective of the history and design more effective and resilient thermal tiles that USA version
Creating the world's most powerful rocket: Energy (1976), capable of carrying 100 tons
First Spaceship supply unmanned, Progress (1978)
First radio telescope (1979)
First woman to walk in space , Svetlana Savitskaja in Salyut 7 (1984)
First shuttle in orbit to Earth independently, Buran (1984)
First multi module space station: Salyut 7 and Kosmos 1686 (TKS-4) (1985)
First crew to visit two space stations, Mir and Salyut 7 (1986) aboard Soyuz T-15
First permanent space station to orbit Earth, Mir (1986)
First crew to spend over a year on Mir, Vladimir Titov and Musa Manarov (1987)
PHYSICS :
First nuclear power plant, Obninsk (1954)
Development of the largest thermonuclear experimental facility in the world, Tokamak 10, prototype of a thermonuclear reactor
Invention of the Tzar Bomb, the most powerful nuclear bomb in history (100 Mt) whose power was reduced for environmental reasons (50-57 Mt). Comparison to USA bombs dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki 15 Mt
Invention of nuclear fusion
Invention of the Tokamak (1956), aiming to provide apparatus fusion plasma particle
Invention of the first nuclear icebreaker "LENIN" world's first nuclear-powered (1952)
Invention of particle accelerator microtron (1944)
Invention synchrotron particle accelerator (1957)
Invention of the electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy (1944)
First fast neutron reactor, BN350 (1955)
Creation pipeline longest history, Druzhba (1964)
First nuclear desalination reactor, BN-350 (1972)
First reflectron (1973)
Creating the largest geotechnical probe history, Kola Well (1970)
Creating BARS Press (1989)
ELECTRONICS:
Invention of the LED (Oleg Vladimirovich, 1927)
Invention of vibratory exercise equipment (1960)
Perfecting maser, Basov and Aleksandr Prokhorov Nikolai
Lomography Invention (1982)
First lie detector device, by Alexander Romanovich Luria
Creating underwater welding, Konstantin Khrenov (1932)
First reflector telescope, the Maksutov (1941)
First laser microphone (1947)
Creating the magnetotelluric (1950)
Discovery of the Belousov-Zhabotinski Reaction (1951)
Creation explosive compression generator pumped flow (1951)
Creating 3D holography (1962)
First microwave oven (1941)
First radio antenna
MEDICINE:
Invention of therapies against infectious diseases that were based on bacteriophage virus (1940)
Early surgical treatment of congenital heart disease, by pioneering Bukulev Alexander (1948)
Creation of Objective Psychology, by neurologist Vladimir Bekhterev, also known for pointing out the role of the hippocampus in memory, his study of reflexes, and Bekhterev's disease
First successful cornea transplant in 1931, by Vladimir Filatov, who developed tissue therapy
Creating radial keratotomy by Svyatoslav Nikolayevich Fyodorov
Creating the Ilizarov apparatus for lengthening limb bones and for the Ilizarov Surgery (1951) by Gavriil Abramovich Ilizarov
Creating cultural-historical psychology, psychological activity theory and method of "combined power", by Alexander Romanovich Luria
Enlarge criteria for the diagnosis of schizophrenia with the distinction between negative and positive symptoms, a key research and classification of schizophrenia concept, Andrei Snezhnevsky
First cardiac surgery under local anesthesia, Alexander Vishnevsky, 1953
Foundation of purulent surgery, Archbishop Luka Voyno-Yasenetsky, Stalin Prize, Nobel Prize in Medicine in 1946.
Discovery of Cherenkov Effect (Pavel Cherenkov Alekseyecih)
First artificial organ transplant
First transfusion of blood from a corpse, Sergei Yudin, 1929.
First blood bank. Created by Sergei Yudin in early 1930. Middle of that same year, the USSR would have 65 large blood donation centers and more than 500 branches.
Creation of painless childbirth (under anesthesia)
Creating Gramicina S (1942)
First head transplant with full brain function (1950)
Creating anthropometric cosmetology (1952)
Creating radial keratotomy (1974)
Discovery of Vitamins
Discovery of the virus
First acoustic microscope (1959)
COMPUTERS:
First programmable computer MESM (1950)
First Soviet and European electronic computers , BESM (Sergey Lebedev, 1951) and MESM (Sergey Lebedev , 1958)
First computer with ternary logic (faster and more reliable than the binary system), Setun (Nikolai Brusentsov, 1958) and model development Setun-70 (Nikolai Brusentsov, 1970) which further reinforced the aspect of programming, improving to by a factor 5 software development over other architectures time
First personal computer, MIR (Victor Glushkov, 1965)
First computer-aided education system in history (Nastavnik), with a clear reference to the current
First superscalar computer (processor microarchitecture capable of executing more than one instruction per clock cycle), Elbrus-1 (Boris Babaian, 1970). The use of this equipment in 1978, ten years before commercial applications appeared in the West, the Soviet Union developed its missile systems and nuclear and space programs.
Foundation of cybernetics (Victor Glushkov)
Invention of Tetris (Alexey Pajitnov, 1984)
Invention of the FAR file manager, RAR and WinRAR format file (Eugene Roshal)
First mobile phone, Leonid Ivanovich Kupriyanovich (1955), which was copied by the USA in 1970 and Finland in 1980 gave him a civil use with Nokia.
MILITARY:
First multiple rocket launcher, the Katyusha rocket launcher (1939)
Creating the largest and most powerful in the world single-rotor helicopter, the Mil Mi-26 (1981)
Creating the Sikorsky S -64 Skycrane, able to lift more cargo than any other in history
Ekranoplano Creation (1950), similar to an airplane that uses the influence of the "ground effect" over the sea to just not consume fuel and carry 500 tons.
Creating the world's largest aircraft, capable of carrying 225 tonnes, the Antonov 225 (1980)
First telemechanical plane
First supersonic passenger plane, TU-144
First (and only) aircraft powered by a nuclear reactor, TU- 119
First (and only) space fighter aircraft built, the MIG-105, capable of knocking launchers , missiles and enemy satellites in space and back.
Creating the MIG-25 fighter jet with absolute altitude record (37.650 m), rise time from 0 to 30 km (3 min 10 s), speed circuit 500 km (2981.5 km/h)
First (and only) seaplane world operating reactors, Beriev BE-200
First ship to explore the North Pole, NS Arktika (1972)
Creating the most produced biplane in history, the Polikarpov Po-2 (1927)
Creating the Ilyushin Il-2, the most produced aircraft in history.
First hydrofoil, Raketa (1957)
First ship missile, Komar (1959)
Creating faster and able to dive deeper in history (1300 m), the Alpha class nuclear submarine. I just needed a crew of 27 people (compared to the 110 that need an american model, Los Angeles) as it was very automated.
Creating the largest submarine in history, the Typhoon class, only in carry 5 helmets (which makes it support several torpedo hits before being knocked out) and unique history in bringing certain luxuries like individual cabin, gym, pool, sauna, lounges, etc.
First tank with composite armor, the first to incorporate an autoloader, first tank missile launch: T64
First military robot; the Tt -26 ( 1949), a remote controlled tanks to minimize human casualties; equipped with DT machine guns, flamethrowers, smoke grenades and sometimes with a bomb between 200-700 kg which was released near the refuge to destroy enemy bunkers up to four levels underground. Was also trained to carry chemical weapons, but not used for safety and environmentalism.
First flamethrower tank in history, KHT-26 (1931)
First tank with wings, Antonov A-40 (1942)
Creating the best and most produced tank of World War II: T-34 (1940)
Creating the most produced tank in history, T-54/55 (1945)
Close reactive armor (1960)
Close reactive armor capable of protecting against APFSDS ammunition (armor piercing), 1985
First infantry fighting vehicle in history (BMP-1 created in 1961) in addition to NBC protection, anti-tank, amphibious capability and launchable parachute with a 73 mm cannon, anti-tank missile launcher and 3 PKT machine guns. It was badly copied in 1980 (20 years later) by the USA, to get their first IFV, giving birth to the M2/M3 Bradley. It was 16.5 tons heavier than its counterpart BMP-1 with less crew and with a much smaller (and without missile capability) cannon.
First paratroopers forces with military use of history in 1930, being also fully mechanized his paratroopers with BMD (launchable parachute). USA still has not an IFV support their paratroopers.
First aerial firefighters (1936)
First modern assault rifle, the AK-47 (1947)
First torpedo remote control glider, PSN-1
First torpedo reaction, PRAB-203
First supercavitating torpedo, VA -111 Shkval
First airship missile
First intercontinental missile (R-7 Semyorka, 1957)
First anti-ballistic missile (1961)
First intercontinental missile submarine, Vysota R-29 (1969) Creating multi-rocket engine chamber world's most powerful liquid fuel, RD-170 (1987)
Creating infrared serving RKKA
First drogue parachute (1937)
Creating Sambo Martial Art by Anatoly Kharlampiev (1938)
First underwater assault rifle, the APS (1975)
Creating the Active Protection System, Drozd (1978)
First bathyscaphe, Mir (1987). First to explore the seabed under the North Pole
First performed the maneuver "Cobra Pugavhev" in 1989
First ramjet engine, R-3 (1939)
Aerowagon creation (1917) pioneered Schienenzeppelin German, the M-497 Black Beetle USA and Soviet turbojet train
First snowmobile history, RF-8, based on the pre-Soviet prototype Aerosani
First antisatellite weapon (1960)
ART:
Creation of the polyphonic or contrapuntal, metric, rhythmic, harmonic, melodic assembly. Previous conceptual audiovisual modalities, including video and clip, by Sergei Mikhailovich Eisenstein
Invention of xerography
Creation of chroma
Kinopanorama Invention (1956)
SOCIAL ACHIEVEMENTS :
First and totally FREE public education system, which achieved the highest rates of literacy in history in the 15 Soviet republics. Moreover, Soviet schools offered free food for students, so the work-life balance is made ​​much easier than today in the capitalist countries. Even kindergartens were also free.
First FREE and universal health care system, which increased the life expectancy of the Soviets, less than 40 years in 1917, to reach Western levels in 80 (70 years). The achievements of hunger eradication and health systems can also compare with the average height of the Soviets in 1917 (1,60 m) to 1980 (1,80 m). This health system discovered painless childbirth and performed the first organ transplant.
Between 1945 and 1964, the Soviet national income grew by 570%, compared to 55% in the USA (and remember that the USSR was not a Marshal Plan to help the country)
Invention of evening studies so that workers could build careers.
First country in history where abortion was legal and free (since 1920)
First country in history to achieve an unemployment rate at 0%
Equality policies, one of the first countries to adopt women's suffrage
First woman in history to hold a position in a government (Aleksandra Kollontai)