sub rpairs
{
    my ($r, $colheadings) = @_;

    return map {
       my $heading = $_;
       if( ref $heading eq "ARRAY" ) {
          map { [ $_ => $r->{encodedby}{$_}, 'bitfields'] } @$heading;
       }
       else {
          [ $heading => $r->{$heading} ]
       }
   } @$colheadings
}