#include<iostream>
using namespace std;

unsigned long long gcd(unsigned long long a, unsigned long long b) {
    unsigned long long r;
    for (;b!=0;)
    {
        r = a%b;
        a = b;
        b = r;
    }
    return a;
}

unsigned long long c(int n,int k)
{
    unsigned long long temp1 = 1,temp2 =1;
    unsigned long long d;
    if (k==0 || n==k)
    {
        return 1;
    } else if (k==1 || k==n-1) {
        return n;
    } else {
        if (k*2>n) {
            k=n-k;
        }
        for (int i = 1;i<=k;i++) {
            temp1 *= n-i+1;
            temp2 *= i;
            if (temp1 != 1 && temp2 != 1) {
                d = gcd(temp1, temp2);
                cout << "n" << n-i+1 << " " << i << endl;
                cout << "d" << d << endl;
                if (d > 1) {
                    temp1 /= d;
                    temp2 /= d;
                }
                cout << "t" << temp1 << " " << temp2 << endl;
            }

        }
        temp1 /= temp2;
        return temp1;
    }
}

int main()
{
    cout << c(70, 30) << endl;
    unsigned int t, gift, man;
    cin >> t;
    while (t--) {
        cin >> gift >> man;
        cout << c(gift-1, man-1) << endl;
    }
    return 0;
}