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Greek Archaeology (Classics)

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  1. Introduction
  2.  
  3. The study of Greek archaeology was until the late 1970s art historical in its approach, focusing on the study of objects and connoisseurship, and perpetuating the trends of the 19th- and early 20th-century scholarship, as expressed by leading figures such as Adolph Furtwangler and John D. Beazley. Classical archaeology as a whole was focused on the Greek peninsula, but Greek archaeology in particular was limited to the study of the southern part of what is now modern Greece and was essentially Athenocentric in nature. The latter was a result both of the nature of exploration, which focused in the emerging new Greek state, and the wealth of the literary and epigraphic testimonia available for Athens and the Peloponnese. John Boardman’s The Greeks Overseas (1999, originally published 1964; Boardman 1999 cited under Early Iron Age–Geometric Period) was one of the first publications that examined the Greeks in their wider geographical setting and showed interest in the Near East, the Black Sea, Italy, central Europe, and northern Africa. The study of these regions is now essential for anyone wishing to understand Greek culture and civilization. At the same time, Anthony Snodgrass and his students advocated the importance of an interdisciplinary approach to the study of classical Antiquity, the usefulness of regional field surveys in identifying sites and settlement patterns over time, and the significance of the application of theoretical models from other disciplines. A less empirical approach has thus emerged. Greek archaeology has shifted from the study of Greek art to the study of material culture as a whole and with a contextual approach. Regionalism, thematic studies, the investigation of changes and usage of the ancient landscape, and economic analysis of ancient settlements and their territories feature in modern publications on the field. Also prominent is the closer collaboration with ancient historians and epigraphists. The main emphasis of this bibliography will be on regional archaeology, with areas that have been recently explored presented in more detail. As the field is enormous, it will focus on recent publications that offer good introductions to a given topic or region with up-to-date bibliographies.
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  5. General Overviews
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  7. Until recently the study of Greek archaeology has tended to be Athenocentric or art focused (Pedley 2007). Since the early 1990s, there have been major advances in the discipline, starting with Snodgrass 1987, which advocates that classical archaeology could benefit from a better awareness of theoretical debates and the application of theoretical models. Many handbooks tend to be chronological and factual (Pedley 2007) and arranged by class of material (as is Hölscher 2006 despite the extensive first part). However, recent overviews, especially Anglophone ones, are thematic in nature, focusing on case studies that are used as vehicles to showcase trends in the field, theoretical debates, and the closer collaboration between Greek archaeology and other disciplines (Alcock and Osborne 2007, Whitley 2001). Due to the inaccessibility of modern Greek to many scholars and the absence of definitive publications, the exciting new finds from northern Greece (Thessaly and Macedonia) rarely figure in handbooks. An interest in the history of the discipline and reception studies is reflected in Whitley 2001, Hölscher 2006, and Anthony M. Snodgrass’s article in Alcock and Osborne 2007 (pp. 12–29). See Settis and Parra 2005 for Magna Graecia and Valavanis 2007 for the Greek Peninsula.
  8.  
  9. Alcock, Susan E., and Robin Osborne, eds. 2007. Classical archaeology. Oxford: Blackwell.
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  11. Handbook aimed mostly at English-speaking undergraduates. Each chapter has two sections discussing Greek and Roman culture, respectively: aims of the discipline, excavation and survey methodology, landscape archaeology, the polis and the chora, domestic archaeology, ritual, neighboring cultures. With clear and well-informed text, this book is not an overview of the subject but has interesting case studies showcasing the breadth of the field.
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  13. Hölscher, Tonio. 2006. Klassische Archäologie: Grundwissen. 2d ed. Stuttgart: Theiss.
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  15. Comprehensive handbook in German. The first nine chapters examine the history of the discipline, its methods, issues of chronology, the geographical limits, survey. Then the rest of the book is arranged thematically (cities, sanctuaries, tombs, historical topography). A large part is devoted to the study of classes of material evidence (sculpture, pottery, mosaics, etc.). The chapters are brief but authoritative and the selective bibliography is useful.
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  17. Osborne, Robin. 2004. Greek archaeology: A survey of recent work. American Journal of Archaeology 108:97–102.
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  19. Review article of recent trends and advances in Greek archaeology with useful bibliography and a concise discussion of the debates and interests of current research.
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  21. Pedley, John Griffiths. 2007. Greek art and archaeology. 4th ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education.
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  23. Very general but extremely useful handbook. Arranged in chronological order, with clear presentation of facts and numerous good illustrations. Does not explore “big themes and ideas” but offers a reliable introduction to students and teachers studying the topic for the first time.
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  25. Settis, Salvatore, and Maria Cecilia Parra, eds. 2005. Magna Grecia: Archeologia di un sapere; Catanzaro, Complesso Monumentale di San Giovanni, 19 giugnio–31 ottobre 2005. Milan: Mondatori Electa.
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  27. The catalogue of this exhibition focuses on the history of exploration in Magna Graecia. It is very useful both for students and scholars interested in reception studies and for those interested in the archaeology of the region as it presents key monuments from the sites explored by leading figures in Italian archaeology.
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  29. Snodgrass, Anthony M. 1987. An archaeology of Greece: The present state and future scope of a discipline. Berkeley: Univ. of California Press.
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  31. In this book the author revisits some of the themes about which he has written extensively over the years, namely the scope of classical archaeology and the need to engage closely with theory and other disciplines, the usefulness of regional field surveys and the importance of the study of the Greek countryside, the early Iron Age, and the iconography of early Greek vases. A standard book summarizing the views of the author; in most undergraduate reading lists.
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  33. Valavanis, Panos, ed. 2007. Great moments in Greek archaeology. Translated by David Hardy. Los Angeles: J. Paul Getty Museum.
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  35. Coffee-table book that presents brief articles with good illustrations of some of the most spectacular discoveries from Greece. For the general reader but useful illustrations and bibliography.
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  37. Whitley, James. 2001. The archaeology of ancient Greece. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge Univ. Press.
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  39. An up-to-date summary of current research on the material culture of the archaic and classical periods. Arranged in three parts, the first offers a very useful overview of the history of the discipline, the second is devoted to the archaic period, and the last is devoted to the classical period. The evidence is arranged thematically. Overall the book is a bit uneven, with more emphasis on the archaic period (which is the area of expertise of the author). Standard textbook for undergraduates.
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  41. Reference Works
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  43. Encyclopedic works such as Brill’s New Pauly (Cancik, et al. 2002–2010) tend to be useful as a starting point for accessing a given topic. However, Hansen and Nielsen 2004 serves as a far more detailed introduction into poleis in the Mediterranean, and Tablet 2000 is the definitive atlas for the ancient world. Stillwell 1976 is still useful, especially for undergraduates.
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  45. Cancik, Hubert, Helmuth Schneider, and Manfred Landfester, eds. 2002–2010. Brill’s New Pauly: Encyclopaedia of the ancient world. Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill.
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  47. Translation of the German edition (1996–2003), with brief but authoritative entries on all aspects of the classical world, presenting both traditional views and current trends. Its bibliography is updated in the English edition, and it can be found online.
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  49. Hansen, Mogens Herman, and Thomas Heine Nielsen, eds. 2004. An inventory of archaic and classical poleis: An investigation conducted by the Copenhagen Polis Centre for the Danish National Research Foundation. Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press.
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  51. Massive publication with entries to all poleis of the Archaic and classical periods in the Mediterranean mentioned in ancient sources, arranged by region. Each entry includes a discussion of the literary, epigraphic, and numismatic testimonia, a brief discussion of the associated archaeological remains, and a selective bibliography. This is an extremely important publication both for its content and its up-to-date bibliography.
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  53. Stillwell, Richard, ed. 1976. The Princeton encyclopedia of classical sites. Princeton, NJ: Princeton Univ. Press.
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  55. A gazetteer of the most important sites in the Mediterranean with brief description of the archaeological finds and accessible bibliography. Although a bit dated, it is still useful, especially when used in association with the Barrington Atlas of the Greek and Roman World (Tablet 2000).
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  57. Tablet, Richard J. A., ed. 2000. Barrington atlas of the Greek and Roman world. Princeton, NJ: Princeton Univ. Press.
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  59. A three-volume color atlas of the ancient world (one volume of maps with two-volume directory) that contains nearly a hundred detailed and accurate maps of the ancient world in a variety of scales. It can be used together with Hansen and Nielsen 2004. The standard point of reference for sites of the ancient world.
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  61. Sources
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  63. Pausanias’s description is the most useful source for the topography and archaeology of southern Greece. Translated into English, it is discussed admirably in Habicht 1998. Vitruvius’s De architectura and Pliny’s Historia naturalis, which offer treatises on architecture, painting, and art, are found in excerpts in Pollitt 1990. The rich new epigraphic material that is essential for anyone working on Greek archaeology is in Supplementum Epigraphicum Graecum and Bulletin Epigraphique.
  64.  
  65. Bulletin Épigraphique. 1888–. Association pour l’encouragement des études grecques en France. Paris: E. Leroux.
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  67. Annual publication that offers a review of epigraphic publications by region and theme.
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  69. Habicht, Christian. 1998. Pausanias’ guide to ancient Greece. 2d ed. Berkeley: Univ. of California Press.
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  71. A thorough introduction to Pausanias’s work, aims, and methods and a balanced assessment of his value for the modern scholar. A companion to the ancient text and useful for anyone studying Pausanias or the topography of central and southern Greece.
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  73. Pollitt, J. J. 1990. The art of ancient Greece: Sources and documents. 2d ed. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge Univ. Press.
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  75. Extremely handy compilation of excerpts from ancient authors relating to ancient art, especially architecture, painting, and sculpture. Useful for the discussion of major monuments and disciplines.
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  77. Supplementum Epigraphicum Graecum. 1923–. Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill.
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  79. Annual publication that reviews the newly published Greek inscriptions as well as new studies on old documents. Spanning the entire Mediterranean, it is arranged by region and then thematically with very detailed indexes. Very useful not only for the ancient historian and epigraphist but for the archaeologists wanting to keep apace with developments in their field.
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  81. Journals
  82.  
  83. In the 19th- and early 20th-century archaeological fieldwork in Greece, Italy, and Turkey was predominantly conducted by foreign institutes that often had exclusive rights to specific sites (for example, in Greece the German Archaeological Institute in Athens at Olympia, the French School at Delos and Delphi). Since the 1950s most archaeological activity has been conducted by the archaeological service of each country, often in collaboration with foreign institutes and universities. The results of these excavations as well as those of the archaeological departments of the local universities are presented in numerous journals. They publish fieldwork reports, more extensive articles on the archaeology and art of various regions and periods, and scholarly book reviews. Most excavations in Greece are rescue in nature and are conducted by the Greek Archaeological Service under the auspices of the Hellenic Ministry of Culture. The Archaeological Society at Athens, one of the oldest and most prestigious institutes in the country, and major universities conduct their own projects. Archaiologikon Deltion, although published with considerable delays, and Archaiologikon Ergon Makedonias kai Thrakes are indispensable.
  84.  
  85. Archaiologike Ephemeris. 1837–. Athens, Greece: Archaeological Society at Athens.
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  87. Abbreviated as AEphem or AE. The research journal of the Archaeological Society at Athens, one of the most prestigious academic institutions in Greece. Peer-reviewed articles (mainly in Greek but increasingly in English) covering the entire spectrum of Greek archaeology.
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  89. Archaiologikon Deltion. 1915–1935, 1961–. Athens, Greece: Ministry of Culture.
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  91. Abbreviated as ADelt or AD. A journal (in Greek) that reports the activity and discoveries of the local departments of the Greek Archaeological Service. Extremely useful but often published with considerable delays.
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  93. Archaiologikon Ergon Makedonias kai Thrakes. 1987–. Thessaloníki, Greece: Univ. of Thessaloníki and Archaeological Museum of Thessaloníki.
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  95. Abbreviated as AEMTh. Since 1987, twenty-two conferences on Macedonian archaeology have taken place in Thessaloníki. The proceedings contain articles (mainly) in Greek of all recent archaeological activity in Macedonia and Thrace, covering the period from the Neolithic to the late Byzantine. Volumes 10 and 20 offer more comprehensive articles on various sites. Necessary for anyone wishing to keep in touch with archaeological activity in the north.
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  97. Horos. 1983–. Athens, Greece: Typographeio Keimena.
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  99. The journal of the Greek Epigraphic Society, publishes articles on the epigraphy and the archaeology of Greece (mostly in Greek). Very important for the publication of new inscriptions and the discussion of epigraphy in context.
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  101. Praktika tes en Athenais Archaiologikes Hetaireias. 1837–. Athens, Greece: Archaeological Society at Athens.
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  103. Abbreviated as Prakt or PAE. The publication of the Archaeological Society at Athens that presents the reports of its excavations. Very detailed reports, highly informative (in Greek).
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  105. Foreign Institutes Active in Greece
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  107. Numerous foreign schools and institutes have been working in Greece since the 19th century, the major ones being the American School of Classical Studies at Athens, the French School of Archaeology, the British School at Athens, and the Italian Archaeological School. The American Journal of Archaeology, the Archäologischer Anzeiger, and the Bulletin de Correspodance Hellenique are indispensable for anyone interested in Greece, while Archaeological Reports offers very useful summaries of the annual archaeological activity in the country and is available online.
  108.  
  109. American Journal of Archaeology. 1897–. New York: Archaeological Institute of America.
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  111. Abbreviated as AJA. Peer-reviewed papers on the archaeology (and art) of Greece and the Mediterranean. Often with bibliographical updates (databases) and review articles.
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  113. Annual of the British School at Athens. 1895–. London: MacMillan.
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  115. Abbreviated as BSA. The journal that reports mainly the activities of the British School at Athens, with articles also by Greek and other scholars. Emphasis on Greece. Online since 2010 in collaboration with the French School of Archaeology.
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  117. Annuario della Scuola Archeologica di Atene e delle missionii italiane in Oriente. 1948–. Bergamo, Italy: Istituto italiano d’arti grafiche.
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  119. Abbreviated as ASAtene. The journal of the Italian Archaeological Institute at Athens, publishes detailed excavation reports of the institute in Greece and studies in art and archaeology of the region (mainly in Italian).
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  121. Archaeological Reports. 1955–. London: Council of the Society for the Promotion of Hellenic Studies.
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  123. Published by the Society for the Promotion of Hellenic Studies and edited by the director of the British School at Athens, this yearly publication provides an excellent summary of fieldwork activity in Greece and often includes summaries on fieldwork activity in other parts of the Mediterranean world. Very handy for anyone wanting to keep in touch with discoveries in Greece.
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  125. Archäologischer Anzeiger. 1889–. Mainz, Germany: Philipp von Zabern.
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  127. Abbreviated as AA. Published independently since 1975, the Archäologischer Anzeiger publishes the annual fieldwork reports and other research activities conducted by the German Archaeological Institute in the Mediterranean. Until 1975 it was a supplement of the Jahrbuch des deutschen Archäologischen Instituts, which focuses mostly on the art of the region. From 2002 published in Munich by Hirmer Verlag.
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  129. Bulletin de Correspondance Hellenique. 1877–. Athens, Greece and Paris: E. Thorin.
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  131. Abbreviated as BCH. The periodical of the French School at Athens. It publishes extensive excavation reports on the activities of the school in Greece, a brief summary overview of archaeological activity in Greece by other institutions and peer-reviewed articles on the art and archaeology of the region. As with most publications of the school, it is also widely available online through Cefael.
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  133. Hesperia. 1932–. Princeton, NJ: American School of Classical Studies at Athens and Institute for Advanced Studies.
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  135. The journal that publishes excavation reports of the American School of Classical Studies at Athens and peer-reviewed articles on the art and archaeology of the Mediterranean with a focus on Greece.
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  137. Jahrbuch des deutschen Archäologischen Instituts. 1886–. Berlin: de Gruyter.
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  139. Abbreviated as JdI. The flagship journal of the German Archaeological Institute (DAI), publishes peer-reviewed articles on history, iconography, stylistic studies, and archaeology but not fieldwork reports.
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  141. Mittheilungen des deutschen Archäologischen Instituts, Athenische Abteilung. 1915–. Athens and Berlin: Archäologisches Institut.
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  143. Abbreviated as AM. The other journal of the German Archaeological Institute at Athens; peer-reviewed papers on the art and archaeology of Greece.
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  145. Journals on Western Asia Minor
  146.  
  147. The archaeological activity in Turkey is extremely rich, and increasingly more indispensable publications appear in Turkish. However, the most easily accessible journals are those published by the foreign institutes working in the country, such as Anatolian Studies: Journal of the British Institute of Archaeology at Ankara or Istanbuler Mittheilungen, and local universities, such as Arkeoloji Dergisi. Anatolia Antiqua: Eski Anadolu XII is very useful for following activity in the entire region and Studia Troica for the northwestern part of Turkey (the Troad and the Galikos River).
  148.  
  149. Anatolia Antiqua: Eski Anadolu XII. Paris: de Boccard.
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  151. Journal that publishes articles on recent fieldwork in Anatolia as well as an annual survey of recent discoveries in the region.
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  153. Anatolian Studies: Journal of the British Institute of Archaeology at Ankara. 1951–. London, British Institute at Ankara.
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  155. Peer-reviewed journal of the British Institute at Ankara with articles (in English) focused on the archaeology, art, and culture of Turkey and the Black Sea region.
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  157. Arkeoloji Dergisi. 1993–. Izmir, Turkey: Ege Univ.
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  159. Journal published by the Ege University of Izmir, includes much information on the recent discoveries of the region and projects conducted by members of the institution.
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  161. Istanbuler Mittheilungen. 1933–. Deutsches Archäologischen Institut, Abteilung Istanbul. Tübingen, Germany: Verlag Ernst Wasmuth.
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  163. Abbreviated as IstMitt. The journal of the German Archaeological Institute at Istanbul, it publishes articles on the archaeology, art, and culture of the region from prehistoric times to the Ottoman period.
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  165. Studia Troica. 1991–. Mainz, Germany: Philipp von Zabern.
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  167. The journal publishes the fieldwork reports of the archaeological projects (surveys and excavations) at Troy and the Troad and articles related to the material culture and landscape of the region. Written in English and German; eighteen volumes have been published by 2011.
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  169. Journals on Italy
  170.  
  171. The most important journals published in Italian are by local universities. Annali di archaeologia e storia, Kokalos, and Notizie degli Scavi di Antichità present fieldwork reports.
  172.  
  173. Annali di archeologia e storia antica. 1974–. Naples, Italy: Instituto Universitario Orientale.
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  175. Abbreviated as AION or ArchStorAnt, the journal of the University of Napoli, the successor to Annali: Sezione di archeologia e storia antica. Publishes studies not only on the archaeology of Magna Graecia but also on mainland Greece, the islands, and the Mediterranean. Often volumes are dedicated to proceedings of conferences on specific themes. Between 1984 and 1993 published in Rome by Herder Editrice e Libreria.
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  177. Archeologia Classica. 1949–. Rome: L’Erma di Bretschneider.
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  179. Journal published by the University of Rome, La Sapienza, with detailed articles on the art and archaeology of Italy focusing on the classical world. Mostly in Italian.
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  181. Kokalos. 1955–. Palermo, Italy: S. F. Flaccovio.
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  183. Published by the University of Palermo, Kokalos is devoted to the archaeology of Sicily, with many articles being excavation reports. Some volumes (for example, Volumes 22–23) publish proceedings of conferences dedicated to specific themes of Sicilian archaeology.
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  185. Notizie degli Scavi di Antichità. 1876–. Rome: R. Accademia dei Lincei.
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  187. Publishes preliminary reports of the excavations in Italy. Although recently the focus is on Rome and central Italy, the early volumes are essential for those studying the early 20th-century large-scale excavations in South Italy and Sicily. Rather difficult to use but indispensable.
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  189. Taras: Rivista di archeologia. 1981–. Galatina, Italy: Congedo.
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  191. The focus is on the excavations and fieldwork activity of Puglia.
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  193. Journals on Northern Africa
  194.  
  195. The major sites of interest for the Greek archaeologist are in the Cyrenaica and the Nile Delta. Along with the local departments of antiquities, in Libya, the Italian and British dominate archaeological exploration and in Egypt (Alexandria) recent archaeological work is conducted mostly by French teams, with interesting projects published by Polish universities.
  196.  
  197. Libya Antiqua: Annual of the Department of Antiquities of Libya. 1964–. Tripoli, Libya: Directorate-General of Antiquities, Museums, and Archives.
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  199. Articles in French, Arabic, and Italian on the archaeology of Libya. Useful for looking up research on the Cyrenaica.
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  201. Libyan Studies. 1979–. London: Society for Libyan Studies.
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  203. The journal publishes the annual reports of the Society for Libyan Studies and is extremely useful for following work in northern Africa (for example, at Euesperides and Cyrenaica).
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  205. Quaderni di archeologia della Libia. 1950–. Rome: L’Ufficio studi del Ministero dell’ Africa italiana. L’Erma di Bretschneider.
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  207. Journal (abbreviated QuadALibya) focusing on studies on the art and archaeology of Libya, mostly in Italian, with very good reports on activities in Cyrenaica.
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  209. Chronological Overviews
  210.  
  211. Several handbooks present a chronological approach to the study of Greek archaeology. Traditionally, its chronological span is the first millennium BCE, from roughly 1050 BCE to the Battle of Actium c. 30 BCE. However, the decipherment of Linear B, which showed it to be a Greek script, and work on Aegean prehistory and at sites such as Lefkandi on Euboea, have pointed to other continuities between the Bronze Age and the first millennium BCE. Therefore a brief reference to up-to-date handbooks on the late Bronze Age (see Late Bronze Age) are included in this bibliography.
  212.  
  213. Late Bronze Age
  214.  
  215. This period is characterized by sophisticated administrative and political systems, the emergence of writing (Linear A and B) mainly for record purposes, complex social structures with palatial systems and long-distance trade, and refined and sophisticated artistic production. It was brought to an end in some cases with the abrupt destruction of the palatial centers around 1200 BCE, possibly as a result of the movements of people in the eastern Mediterranean and the loss of access to raw materials. The best up-to-date introduction is Shelmerdine 2008. Dickinson 1994 is readily available and useful for undergraduates, while Deger-Jalkotzy and Lemos 2006 is more appropriate for advanced undergraduates and scholars.
  216.  
  217. Deger-Jalkotzy, Sigrid, and Irene S. Lemos, eds. 2006. Ancient Greece: From the Mycenaean palaces to the age of Homer. Edinburgh: Edinburgh Univ. Press.
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  219. The proceedings of a 2002 conference with many articles focusing on the transition from the Mycenaean period to the late 8th century BCE. Very useful, up-to-date, and authoritative collection of articles on all aspects of material culture of the Mycenaean and early Iron Age.
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  221. Dickinson, Oliver. 1994. The Aegean Bronze Age. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge Univ. Press.
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  223. Very good and clear introduction to the Bronze Age in the Aegean. Particularly useful for undergraduate students.
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  225. Shelmerdine, Cynthia W., ed. 2008. The Cambridge companion to the Aegean Bronze Age. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge Univ. Press.
  226. DOI: 10.1017/CCOL9780521814447Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  227. A collection of chapters by leading experts in the field. Up-to-date, concise, indispensable for students and people planning to teach the course.
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  229. Early Iron Age–Geometric Period
  230.  
  231. The collapse of the Mycenaean palatial system and economy resulted in recession throughout the Aegean. Until the discovery of the Toumba Building at Lefkandi in Euboea, the period from roughly 1050 to 900 BCE was often termed the “dark ages” due to the absence of writing and the perceived isolation of the Greeks, the decline in sophistication in their material culture, and the return to less complex and less hierarchical forms of political and social organization. This term has been rightly challenged in Lemos 2003, among others. Recent investigation on sites in the Mediterranean, especially South Italy, have shown the continuation of trade networks, even if on a more limited scale, and the importance of Euboean and Phoenician maritime enterprise (Lemos 2003, Dickinson 2006). The period is often also called protogeometric or geometric because of the characteristic style of pottery decoration (Coldstream 2003). The 8th and early 7th centuries BCE saw the expansion of the Greeks in the Mediterranean with the settling in communities abroad and the emergence of monumental architecture and sanctuaries (Boardman 1999).
  232.  
  233. Boardman, John. 1999. The Greeks overseas: Their early colonies and trade. 4th ed. London: Thames and Hudson.
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  235. A classic book that was among the earliest (by a classical archaeologist) to show interest in the entire Mediterranean and not simply the Greek mainland. Its broad coverage and often laconic comments and interpretations are a testament to the author’s breadth of knowledge, and its short text is still useful to archaeologists and students interested in the period. Very well illustrated.
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  237. Coldstream, John N. 2003. Geometric Greece: 900–700 B.C. 2d ed. London: Routledge.
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  239. Classic survey of the period, arranged by region. Although old-fashioned in its art-historical focus, it is still very useful for undergraduates and scholars alike.
  240. Find this resource:
  241. Dickinson, Oliver, T. P. K. 2006. The Aegean from Bronze Age to Iron Age: Continuity and change between the twelfth and eight centuries B.C. London: Routledge.
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  243. Concise, clear, and solid introduction to the period by a leading scholar in the field. Very useful for undergraduates.
  244. Find this resource:
  245. Lemos, Irene. 2003. The protogeometric Aegean: The archaeology of the late eleventh and tenth centuries B.C. Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press.
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  247. Very detailed and authoritative overview of the archaeology of the 11th and 10th centuries BCE that focuses on the architecture, settlement patterns, evolution and distribution of pottery styles and technologies, and bronze working in the Aegean (does not discuss Crete). The author’s firsthand knowledge of the field, as a pottery expert and the excavator of Lefkandi, make this book an interesting read. Among the best introductions to the material culture of the period.
  248. Find this resource:
  249. Archaic Period
  250.  
  251. The period from roughly 700 BCE to the Battle at Marathon (480 BCE) is conventionally called Archaic. It is characterized by the widespread presence of distinctive, permanent, politically organized poleis, the widespread use of writing, the Greek expansion overseas, the emergence of a distinct elite lifestyle with emphasis on competitive display and participation to an agonistic culture, and the widespread presence of monumental sculpture and architecture. Raaflaub and van Wees 2009 offers the best overview of the period, Morris 1998 is thought-provoking but needs to be treated with caution, and Morgan 2003 shows how the meticulous study of often-neglected regions can lead to exciting conclusions.
  252.  
  253. Morgan, Catherine. 2003. Early Greek states beyond the polis. London: Routledge.
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  255. A thorough analysis of the archaeology of communities organized as ethne, namely Thessaly, Phokis, and East Locris in central Greece, Achaia, and Arkadia (the latter two are one of her areas of expertise). A dense book, with full command of the material evidence for these often-neglected regions that clearly demonstrates that the view that ethnos communities were less developed than poleis and organized along tribal models should be abandoned.
  256. Find this resource:
  257. Morris, Ian. 1998. Archaeology and Archaic Greek history. In Archaic Greece: New approaches and new evidence. Edited by N. Fischer and Hans van Wees, 1–91. London: Duckworth and the Classical Press of Wales.
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  259. A long, ambitious article that aims to discuss developments in urban, funerary, and sanctuary contexts throughout the Greek Peninsula from the early Iron Age to the end of the 6th century. Typical of the author, it is a thought-provoking piece of research and is theoretically informed but should be used with caution for regions such as Thessaly and Macedonia, where factual errors are frequent.
  260. Find this resource:
  261. Raaflaub, Kurt A., and Hans van Wees, eds. 2009. A companion to Archaic Greece. Chichester, UK, and Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell.
  262. DOI: 10.1002/9781444308761Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  263. One of the most successful Blackwell companions, it covers the period from 750 BCE to the Persian Wars. With an exhaustive bibliography, it is an excellent regional survey of the material culture of the period that presents new, often unpublished, evidence that is otherwise not widely accessible in handbooks, and chapters by authors informed in recent debates and theoretical approaches. This is the best overview for students and teachers alike.
  264. Find this resource:
  265. Classical Period
  266.  
  267. The 5th and 4th BCE centuries are characterized by the power of Athens and the transformation of its alliance into an “Athenian empire”; its loss of the Peloponnesian War at the end of the 5th century; and in the 4th century the emerging struggle for pre-eminence in Greek affairs on the part of Sparta, Thebes, and finally Macedonia under Philip II that culminated in Alexander’s campaigns. This is the period most often treated in handbooks and studies of classical archaeology due to the spectacular artistic and archaeological remains. A wealth of studies is devoted to the art of the period, and all of the works mentioned in General Overviews treat this period in greater length than the other periods. Kinzl 2006 is very readable and offers a more holistic approach to the culture of the period.
  268.  
  269. Kinzl, Konrad H., ed. 2006. A companion to the classical Greek world. Malden, MA, and Oxford: Blackwell.
  270. DOI: 10.1002/9780470996799Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  271. This companion integrates the history, archaeology, and art of the period into their natural environment with chapters on the geology, farming, and economy alongside the ones on literary evidence or institutions. Chapters 4–13 are of interest to students interested in an up-to-date introduction to the material culture of the period that is not art focused.
  272. Find this resource:
  273. Hellenistic Period
  274.  
  275. The period from the death of Alexander to the coming of Rome saw the expansion of the Greeks to the eastern Mediterranean; the creation of distinct, cosmopolitan monarchies; and a fusion of cultures and themes. City landscapes became more defined by standard architectural types and structures, such as colonnaded stoas, theaters, and bouleuteria; statuary was used together with inscriptions to serve as honorary monuments; and tombs received monumental dimensions. Erskine 2003 is a good introduction to the themes worthy of attention during this period.
  276.  
  277. Erskine, Andrew, ed. 2003. A companion to the Hellenistic world. Malden, MA, and Oxford: Blackwell.
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  279. A very successful compilation of essays that offers an authoritative, comprehensive, and up-to-date introduction to the period and the state of research and scholarship. It is more historically focused than other companions, but the authors are fully aware of the importance of material culture and integrate it admirably in their articles. Essential for students and for anyone planning to teach a course on Hellenistic archaeology and culture.
  280. Find this resource:
  281. Thematic Studies
  282.  
  283. The emphasis on Greek archaeology has traditionally been on Greek art, which is discussed in depth in Greek Art. This bibliography will therefore only present a few publications that cover domestic and settlement archaeology (see Settlement Archaeology, funerary archaeology (see Funerary Archaeology), and cult and religion. Compared to Roman archaeology, the study of the economy of ancient Greece is still in its nascent form, with survey work only recently having been included seriously in the analysis of archaeological finds; therefore for reasons of space, only references to such publications will be made.
  284.  
  285. Settlement Archaeology
  286.  
  287. Since the 1980s, among the leading preoccupations of scholars has been the discussion and definition of state formation in the ancient Greek world, the influence of political and philosophical ideas on urban development of Greek communities, and the categorization of urban and domestic archaeology (Hoepfner 1999). In the late 1990s, studies in domestic archaeology, namely in urbanism, houses, and the role of the countryside, have focused more on household organization, social and gender roles and differentiation, and regionalism (Nevett 1999, Cahill 2002, Walter-Karydi 1998). Westgate, et al. 2007 is characteristic of recent studies in domestic archaeology and, although aimed mostly at advanced undergraduates and scholars, provides a good overview of recent debates. A good up-to-date handbook on the economic implications of regional survey and domestic archaeology is badly needed; Osborne 1987 is still the classic work on the countryside.
  288.  
  289. Cahill, Nicholas. 2002. Household and city organization at Olynthus. New Haven, CT, and London: Yale Univ. Press.
  290. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  291. Olynthus is a key site for the study of urbanism in the classical period due to its defined period of use, the large number of houses excavated, and the numerous inscriptions referring to leases of houses. Based on the study of the excavation daybooks, the architectural remains, and the associated artifact assemblages, Cahill reevaluates the houses at the site both in terms of gender relations within the oikos and in terms of the intrinsic value of domestic dwellings.
  292. Find this resource:
  293. Hoepfner, Wolfram, ed. 1999. Geschichte des Wohnens. Band 1, 5000 v. Chr.–500 n.Chr.: Vorgeschichte, Frügeschichte, Antike. Stuttgart: Deutsche Verlags-Anstalt.
  294. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  295. A massive volume (in German) with chapters by many scholars on urbanism and domestic architecture in the Mediterranean. Pages 123–608 discuss developments in the Greek world. The evidence is arranged chronologically; within each period well-excavated, often lesser known sites are discussed. Hoepfner maintains his theory that house types and the organization of urban space in the classical period were influenced by the concept of isonomia. Clear text and extremely well illustrated.
  296. Find this resource:
  297. Nevett, Lisa C. 1999. House and society in the ancient Greek world. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge Univ. Press.
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  299. One of the best treatments of house and households in the Greek world, with a very clear treatment of the evidence from around the Mediterranean. Nevett examines houses as evidence for social relations within the family or oikos. The standard handbook on domestic architecture.
  300. Find this resource:
  301. Nevett, Lisa C. 2010. Domestic space in classical antiquity. Key Themes in Ancient History. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge Univ. Press.
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  303. Discusses domestic space and households from the Iron Age to the late Roman period and covers a broad geographical region. As with most books in the series, this is concisely written with very good bibliographical references and is very useful for undergraduate students.
  304. Find this resource:
  305. Osborne, Robin. 1987. Classical landscape with figures: The ancient Greek city and its countryside. London: George Philip.
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  307. Still the standard general work on the Greek countryside and the economic significance of the study of the territory of an ancient city.
  308. Find this resource:
  309. Patronos, Sotiris G. 2002. Public architecture and civic identity in classical and Hellenistic Ionia: The cases of Miletus and Priene. DPhil diss., Univ. of Oxford.
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  311. Very interesting study of Miletus and Priene as typical manifestations on the ground of Hellenistic civic ideology. Mostly for graduate students and scholars interested in the region.
  312. Find this resource:
  313. Walter-Karydi, Elena. 1998. The Greek house: The rise of noble houses in late classical times. Athens, Greece: Archaeological Society of Athens.
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  315. A very short book that offers one of the few general treatments of 4th-century houses and discusses the increased elaboration of private dwellings throughout the Greek world against the historical background. Very well illustrated, it is necessary reading for undergraduates.
  316. Find this resource:
  317. Westgate, Ruth, Nick Fisher, and James Whitley, eds. 2007. Building communities: House, settlement, and society in the Aegean and beyond; Proceedings of a conference held at Cardiff University, 17–21 April 2001. London: British School at Athens.
  318. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  319. Conference proceedings with papers on houses and ancient settlements dating from the Neolithic to late Antiquity and covering the entire Mediterranean. The papers focusing on the first millennium BCE include discussions of the economic significance of houses, social and gender relations in the oikos, elaboration of private space in the Hellenistic period, and regional patterns. The authors place the archaeological evidence against its cultural and historical background. Indicative of the recent trends in the field.
  320. Find this resource:
  321. Field Survey and Greek Archaeology
  322.  
  323. Regional survey and landscape studies were introduced to the study of Greek archaeology relatively late, in the 1980s, with John Bintliff and Anthony M. Snodgrass’s project in Boeotia (Bintliff, et al. 2007) and has since evolved significantly. Many foreign institutions conduct fieldwork projects in Greece. Alcock and Cherry 2004 presents an overview of the state of research, Carter 2006 makes the evidence easily accessible, and Tartaron, et al. 2006 employs cutting edge theoretical and scientific models and is methodologically very interesting.
  324.  
  325. Alcock, Susan E, and John F. Cherry, eds. 2004. Side-by-side survey: Comparative regional studies in the Mediterranean world. Oxford: Oxbow.
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  327. The publication of a meeting in Michigan, where the state of research in regional survey, its aims, and its scope were reassessed. The need for a comparative study of survey results is stressed, as is also the need for full publication of the results of field survey projects.
  328. Find this resource:
  329. Bintliff, John, Phil Howard, and Anthony M. Snodgrass. 2007. Testing the hinterland: The work of the Boeotia survey (1989–1991) in the southern approaches to the city of Thespiai. Cambridge, UK: McDonald Institute of Archeological Research.
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  331. The publication of the twenty-five-year-long project that set the ground for landscape archaeology in Greece. Focusing on the territory of the city of Thespiai, the team presents its methodology and results with clear and detailed maps that show population and occupation density. Methodologically sound and clearly written, it is dense but very important for the study of landscape archaeology and the countryside in Boeotia.
  332. Find this resource:
  333. Carter, Joseph Coleman. 2006. Discovering the Greek countryside at Metaponto. Ann Arbor: Univ. of Michigan.
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  335. Carter’s work on the territory of the city of Metapontion has been one of the best-documented published projects in the Mediterranean. Using cutting-edge new technologies, it maps the landscape and studies the region. The volume of the necropoleis (see Carter 1998, cited under Funerary Archaeology) set the ground for a new study of cemeteries, while this book summarizes the experience of the team and presents it in an accessible manner. Good for students and tutors.
  336. Find this resource:
  337. Cavanagh, William, Pamela Armstrong, Joost Crouwel, Richard Catling, and Graham Shipley. 1996–2002. Continuity and change in a Greek rural landscape: Laconia survey. 2 vols. London: British School at Athens.
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  339. The two volumes of the Anglo-Dutch collaboration survey in central Laconia showing the settlement history of the region and prompting us to rethink the use of the countryside and the economy of Sparta.
  340. Find this resource:
  341. Davies, Jack L., ed. 1998. Sandy Pylos: An archaeological history from Nestor to Navarino. Austin: Univ. of Texas.
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  343. One of the seminal surveys in the Peloponnese that set the trend for later projects, aiming to trace human activity in the region from prehistory to the early 19th century. It is an interdisciplinary project, with study of the geology, topography and palaeobotanology of the region.
  344. Find this resource:
  345. Jameson, Michael H., Curtis N. Runnels, and Tjeerd H. van Andel. 1994. A Greek countryside: The southern Argolid from prehistory to the present day. Palo Alto, CA: Stanford Univ. Press.
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  347. Publication of the results of the Argolid exploration project that investigated the southern part of the Argolid from the prehistoric to modern times. It discusses the archaeological evidence against the geology and ecological conditions of the region and aims to offer a view of the economic development and the demographic situation and shifts in the northeastern Peloponnese.
  348. Find this resource:
  349. Tartaron, Thomas F., Daniel J. Pullen, Timothy E. Gregory, Jay S. Noller, Richard M. Rothaus, William R. Caraher, Joseph L. Rife, David K. Pettegrew, Lisa Tzortzopoulou-Gregory, Dimitri Nakassis, and Robert Schon. 2006. The eastern Korinthia archaeological survey: Integrated methods for a dynamic landscape. Hesperia 75:453–523.
  350. DOI: 10.2972/hesp.75.4.453Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  351. A six-year-long intensive diachronic survey focusing on the northern Corinthian plain and using new applications of geology and computer technology, and a collaborative approach with other disciplines. This article presents in a detailed manner the team’s methodology and uses Kromna, a settlement in the northern edge of Corinthia, as a case study. Very useful for students of ancient Corinth and landscape studies in the Greek world.
  352. Find this resource:
  353. Sanctuaries and Cult
  354.  
  355. The archaeology of ancient cult and ritual is often restricted to descriptions of ancient monumental religious architecture. In the late 20th and early 21st centuries, a closer collaboration between archaeologists, historians, and historians of religion have brought fruitful results. Pedley 2005 summarizes trends in a highly readable handbook with an up-to-date bibliography. Alcock and Osborne 1994 and Marinatos and Hägg 1993 present interesting case studies for major sanctuary sites, and Mertens 2006 is the definitive work on western Greek monumental architecture. Gruben 2001 and Hellmann 2006 offer interesting overviews of religious architecture.
  356.  
  357. Alcock, Susan E., and Robin Osborne, eds. 1994. Placing the gods: Sanctuaries and sacred space in ancient Greece. Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press.
  358. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  359. A collection of articles on Greek sanctuaries with emphasis on the spacing of cult sites in the landscape and the definition of sacred space from the Mycenaean to Roman times.
  360. Find this resource:
  361. Gruben, Gottfried. 2001. Griechische Tempel und Heiligtümer. Munich: Hirmer.
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  363. This classic work on Greek religious architecture discusses major sites by region and analyzes architectural developments against the historical and philosophical background.
  364. Find this resource:
  365. Hellmann, Marie-Christine. 2002. L’architecture grecque. Vol. 1, Les principes de la construction. Paris: Picard.
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  367. Overviews on Greek architecture in French that use space theory and recent bibliography. Very well written, authoritative, and illustrated with copious plans, it can be used by English-speaking students due to the clear format and descriptions.
  368. Find this resource:
  369. Hellmann, Marie-Christine. 2006. L’architecture grecque. Vol. 2, Architecture religieuse et funéraire. Paris: Picard.
  370. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  371. Companion to Hellmann 2002, focusing on religious and funerary architecture.
  372. Find this resource:
  373. Hellmann, Marie-Christine. 2010. L’architecture grecque. Vol. 3, Habitat, urbanisme et fortifications. Paris: Picard.
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  375. The third volume in the series, focusing on housing, town planning, and theories of urbanism and fortifications in the Greek world. Excellent introduction for students.
  376. Find this resource:
  377. Marinatos, Nanno, and Robin Hägg, eds. 1993. Greek sanctuaries: New approaches. London: Routledge.
  378. DOI: 10.4324/9780203432709Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  379. Collection of comprehensive articles on numerous major sanctuaries; although at times traditional in their approach, they offer accessible and authoritative introductions to major sites and themes.
  380. Find this resource:
  381. Mertens, Dieter. 2006. Städte und Bauten der Westgriechen von der Kolonisation bis zur Krise am Ende des 5. Jh. v.Chr. Munich: Hirmer.
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  383. The authoritative work on the urban development and monumental religious and administrative buildings of South Italy and Sicily. Written in German, it remains the definitive work on the topic.
  384. Find this resource:
  385. Pedley, John Griffiths. 2005. Sanctuaries and the sacred in the ancient Greek world. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge Univ. Press.
  386. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  387. The most up-to-date and concise handbook on sanctuaries, cult, and issues of religion in the ancient Greek world. A must for undergraduate teaching.
  388. Find this resource:
  389. Funerary Archaeology
  390.  
  391. The analysis of the funerary practices of the Greeks and mortuary archaeology has progressed significantly from the empirical and rather descriptive approach of the 1970s (Kurtz and Boardman 1971). Morris 1992 and Houby-Nielsen 1995 are good examples of recent debates, while Carter 1998 is a showcase of how a cemetery can be explored and published effectively.
  392.  
  393. Carter, Joseph Coleman. 1998. The chora of Metaponto: The necropoleis. Austin: Univ. of Texas Press.
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  395. This exemplary two-volume publication of the field survey and excavations at the cemeteries in the territory of Metapontion, directed by Carter, brings together the expertise of many scholars and should be used as an example of how funerary archaeology in a given site should be conducted and published. An interdisciplinary study that should be consulted by undergraduate and field archaeologists alike.
  396. Find this resource:
  397. Houby-Nielsen, Sanne. 1995. “Burial language” in Archaic and classical Kerameikos. Proceedings of the Danish Institute at Athens 1:129–191.
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  399. Among the most interesting articles on the funerary archaeology of Athens and the Kerameikos. Houby-Nielsen avoids the exaggerations of Morris 1992, looks at the burial evidence very closely, and tries to discern the identity of the burying groups (challenging the common identification as families) and their changing priorities over time.
  400. Find this resource:
  401. Kurtz, Donna C., and John Boardman. 1971. Greek burial customs. London: Thames and Hudson.
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  403. Although now old and lacking footnotes and detailed references, this is still the most accessible overview of the evidence from the Greek world. It should be consulted together with Morris 1992.
  404. Find this resource:
  405. Morris, Ian. 1992. Death-ritual and social structure in classical Antiquity. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge Univ. Press.
  406. DOI: 10.1017/CBO9780511611728Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  407. The second book by Morris, the scholar who changed the way Greek archaeologists view burial evidence. Morris proposes that burial archaeology should not be treated in an empirical, descriptive way. He proposes that we see burials as reflections of changes in social structure and applies models from archaeological theory and statistical analysis to the excavation data.
  408. Find this resource:
  409. Regional Analysis
  410.  
  411. Greek archaeology should no longer be the “archaeology of modern Greece,” as modern borders and national states have nothing in common with ancient realities. The communities of southern Italy and Sicily were at times as much in the forefront of culture as the leading cities in mainland Greece, and sites in the Black Sea, northern Africa, and Epirus can offer us a better understanding of Greek culture. Equally, the dramatic increase of the archaeological exploration of regions in the northern part of the Greek Peninsula, especially Macedonia, creates an urgent need for a reevaluation of our perception of “Greek” archaeology and a rewriting of handbooks, especially as the “opening” of the Black Sea region, former Soviet republics, Thrace (modern Bulgaria), and Albania enable us to better understand the interaction of the Greeks with their northern neighbors. This section focuses on Greece, given the huge number of accessible publications on the field, but provides a guide to introductory books, collective publications, and major journals that can enable one to find other regions.
  412.  
  413. Collective Works on Greek Archaeology
  414.  
  415. The problem with Greek archaeology is that excavations are often published with considerable delay. In their absence, attractive coffee-table books with authoritative chapters by the leading scholars working in each region, exhibition catalogues, and conference proceedings allow students and scholars to keep apace with developments in their fields.
  416.  
  417. Greece and the Aegean
  418.  
  419. In the late 20th and early 21st centuries, it has become common for major Greek publishing houses to produce lavishly illustrated books that offer overviews to the art and archaeology of specific regions; these are soon translated into English. Vlachopoulos 2006 and Vlachopoulos 2008 are two useful examples, while Sakellariou 1997 and Ginouvès 1994 are still useful as introductions to Epirus and Macedonia, respectively. Akurgal 1990 offers a good introduction to ancient ruins in Turkey.
  420.  
  421. Akurgal, Ekrem. 1990. Ancient civilizations and ruins of Turkey: From prehistoric times until the end of the Roman Empire. 5th ed. London: Kegan Paul.
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  423. The classic account of major sites and monuments of Turkey. Still useful.
  424. Find this resource:
  425. Ginouvès, René, ed. 1994. Macedonia from Philip II to the Roman conquest. Princeton, NJ: Princeton Univ. Press.
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  427. Well-produced and illustrated book that offers a good introduction to the archaeology and art of Macedonia. There are sections on major sites, such as Pella, Aiane, Sindos, Amphipolis, and Vergina, but also on classes of material evidence (pottery, and Macedonian tombs, mosaics), religion, Macedonian architecture. Written with the general reader in mind, it is useful for undergraduates.
  428. Find this resource:
  429. Sakellariou, Michael V., ed. 1997. Epirus, 4000 years of Greek history and civilization. Athens, Greece: Ekdotike Athenon.
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  431. A volume discussing the historical development in Epirus from Antiquity to the 20th century. Pages 12–145 focus on Greek Antiquity and are written by experts in the field. The emphasis is on the history, political, economic, and cultural developments of the region, but major sites, themes, and monuments are discussed.
  432. Find this resource:
  433. Valavanis, Panos. 2004. Games and sanctuaries in ancient Greece: Olympia, Delphi, Isthmia, Nemea, Athens. Athens, Greece: Kapon.
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  435. Coffee-table book with good illustrations, plans, and a brief survey of the major sanctuaries where athletic competitions took place in Greece.
  436. Find this resource:
  437. Vlachopoulos, Andreas G., ed. 2006. Archaeology: Aegean islands. Translated by Alexandra Doumas. Athens, Greece: Melissa.
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  439. Sumptuously illustrated and produced coffee-table book (translated into English) first published in Greek with articles commissioned by archaeologists working in the field who briefly discuss major sites in the Aegean. The first part offers a brief historical outline of the regions presented. With up-to-date information and an excellent bibliography and illustrations, it offers an invaluable introduction to the archaeology of the islands.
  440. Find this resource:
  441. Vlachopoulos, Andreas G., ed. 2008. Archaiologia: Euboia kai Sterea Ellada. Athens, Greece: Melissa.
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  443. Sumptuously produced coffee-table book (in Greek) with articles commissioned by archaeologists working in the field that discuss briefly major sites in Athens and Attica, Euboea, Boeotia, and central Greece. The first part offers a brief historical outline of the regions presented. With up-to-date information, a detailed bibliography, and excellent photographs, it is indispensable both for the general reader and for scholars and students.
  444. Find this resource:
  445. Greeks Outside the Mainland and the Aegean
  446.  
  447. It is extremely difficult in a bibliography such as this to present adequately the role and presence of Greeks and their interaction with the neighboring cultures in Italy, North Africa, the Black Sea, and in the Hellenistic period of Asia. Therefore a few accessible introductory books are included here as guides to the regions and monuments. National Hellenic Research Foundation and A. G. Leventis Foundation 2002 and Karageorghis 2003 are the first point of call; Grammenos and Petropoulos 2003 and Grammenos and Petropoulos 2007 are more focused on the Black Sea; di Vita, et al. 1999 focuses on the Cyrenaica.
  448.  
  449. di Vita, Antonino, Ginette di Vita-Evrand, and Lidiano Bacchielli. 1999. Libya: The lost cities of the Roman Empire. Cologne: Könemann.
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  451. Coffee-table book that summarizes the archaeological research in Libya. A concise presentation of the evidence from the Cyrenaica (pp. 184–227) with good illustrations. Written for the general public.
  452. Find this resource:
  453. Grammenos, Dimitrios V., and Elias K. Petropoulos, eds. 2003. Ancient Greek colonies in the Black Sea. 2 vols. Thessaloníki: Greek Ministry of Culture and Archaeological Institute of Northern Greece.
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  455. Collection of articles on the Black Sea. Enormous in scale and often written by archaeologists working at the sites, they provide an comprehensive introduction to the archaeology in the region. Although inconsistent in its editing, with patchy English, and occasionally lacking in good quality illustrations, the well-informed and up-to-date texts and the extensive bibliography on each site make these massive volumes essential for anyone wanting to become familiar with the region.
  456. Find this resource:
  457. Grammenos, Dimitrios V., and Elias K. Petropoulos, eds. 2007. Ancient Greek colonies in the Black Sea. 2 vols. Oxford: Archaeopress.
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  459. Similar to Grammenos and Petropoulos 2003 both in scope and style.
  460. Find this resource:
  461. Karageorghis, Vassos, ed. 2003. The Greeks beyond the Aegean: From Marseilles to Bactria; Papers presented at an international symposium held at the Onassis Cultural Center, New York, 12th October, 2002. New York: Alexander S. Onassis Public Benefit Foundation.
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  463. Conference proceedings from a meeting in New York with chapters written by specialists in given fields. They discuss Greeks before their overseas expansion, Cyprus, the Near East in the Hellenistic period, Egypt and Alexandria, Etruria, Marseille (ancient Massalia), the Black Sea, and late Antiquity. Very good illustrations and a recent bibliography make this book a good starting point for the novice.
  464. Find this resource:
  465. National Hellenic Research Foundation and A. G. Leventis Foundation. 2002. Greek Archaeology without Frontiers. 2002. “Open Science” Lecture Series. Athens, Greece: National Hellenic Research Foundation and A. G. Leventis Foundation.
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  467. Collection of articles presenting major sites in the Black Sea, Italy, and as far away as Bactria with good introductory texts and a recent bibliography.
  468. Find this resource:
  469. Conference Proceedings
  470.  
  471. There are an extraordinary number of congresses devoted to all aspects of Greek archaeology. Of these only a selection of those readily available or containing information not easily found elsewhere are included here. Stamatopoulou and Yeroulanou 2002 is a good introduction to many sites (in English). Mazarakis-Ainian 2006 and Mazarakis-Ainian 2009 are essential for central Greece and especially Thessaly, Kapon 1994 for Thessaly; Ancient Macedonia 1970–2007 and Guimier-Sorbets, et. al. 2006 for Macedonia and Thrace, and L’Illyrie méridionale et l’ Épire dans l’ antiquité 1984–2010 for Epirus. Kypraiou and Zapheiropoulou 1999 offers the definitive discussion of the archaeology of Rhodes.
  472.  
  473. Ancient Macedonia. 1970–2007. 7 vols. Thessaloníki, Greece: Institute for Balkan Studies.
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  475. Seven international congresses on ancient Macedonia have been published to date. The proceedings contain articles in many languages (predominantly Greek) that cover Macedonian history, culture, and epigraphy, often with very important discussions of key issues and themes. Essential for anyone interested in the region.
  476. Find this resource:
  477. Guimier-Sorbets, Anne-Marie, Miltiades B. Hatzopoulos, and Yvette Morizot, eds. 2006. Rois, cites, necropolis: Institutions, Rites, et monuments en Macedoine; Institute of Greek and Roman Antiquity, Actes de colloques de Nanterre (Decembre 2002) et d’Athènes (Janvier 2004). Athens, Greece: KERA.
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  479. The proceedings of two meetings that discussed the history, epigraphy, and archaeology of Macedonia and Thrace with important articles on history, administration, epigraphy, cult, painting, and various sites, such as Aigai, Amphipolis, and Abdera. Mostly written in English and French, with an up-to-date bibliography. It should be consulted regularly by scholars and graduate students working on the region.
  480. Find this resource:
  481. Kapon, Rachel, ed. 1994. La Thessalie: Quinze années de recherches archéologiques, 1975–1990; Bilans et Perspectives, Actes du colloque international, Lyon 17–22 Avril 1990. Athens, Greece: Editions Kapon.
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  483. Two-volume publication of a conference that took place at Lyon in 1990, with comprehensive articles on various important sites. Still very useful.
  484. Find this resource:
  485. Kypraiou, Euaggelia, and Diana Zapheiropoulou, eds. 1999. Rhodos 2400 Chronia: He pole tes Rhodou apo ten idryse tes mechri ten katalepse tes apo tous Tourkous (1523); Diethnes Epistemoniko Synedrio, Rhodos, 24–29 Oktovriou 1993. Athens, Greece: Ministry of Culture, Fourth Ephorate of Byzantine Antiquities.
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  487. Publication of the proceedings of a conference on Rhodes. The first volume covers the Greek period and contains important articles on the fortifications, harbors, town planning, sanctuaries, and tombs at Rhodes as well as articles on Rhodian architecture, sculpture, and workshops. It is valuable as an introduction to the city.
  488. Find this resource:
  489. Cabanes, PierreL’Illyrie méridionale et l’ Épire dans l’ antiquité. 1984–2010. 4 vols. Paris: De Boccard, 1999.
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  491. Publications of four conference proceedings that are devoted to studies in southern Illyria and Epirus and present newly discovered archaeological material, excavation reports, and articles on the history, archaeology, and culture of the region covering the period to late Antiquity.
  492. Find this resource:
  493. Mazarakis-Ainian, Alexandros, ed. 2006. Archaiologiko Ergo Thessalias kai Stereas Elladas 1: Praktika Epistemonikes Synanteses, Volos 27.2–2.3.2003. Volos, Greece: Ministry of Culture and Univ. of Thessaly.
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  495. The proceedings of the first conference organized at the University of Thessaly and dedicated to the archaeology of Boeotia, Euboea, central Greece, and especially Thessaly; contains very useful information on fieldwork results. Indispensable for anyone studying Thessaly.
  496. Find this resource:
  497. Mazarakis-Ainian, Alexandros, ed. 2009. Archaiologiko Ergo Thessalias kai Stereas Elladas 2: Praktika Epistemonikes Synanteses, Bolos 16.3–19.3.2006. 2 vols. Volos, Greece: Ministry of Culture and Univ. of Thessaly.
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  499. The proceedings of the second conference organized at the University of Thessaly and focusing on finds from Boeotia, Euboea, central Greece, and especially Thessaly. This volume includes also synthetic studies on religion, cult, and major excavations of the region.
  500. Find this resource:
  501. Stamatopoulou, Maria, and Marina Yeroulanou, eds. 2002. Excavating classical culture: Recent archaeological discoveries in Greece. Oxford: Beazley Archive and Archaeopress.
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  503. Publication of a three-day colloquium at Oxford with articles devoted to finds from numerous Greek sites, predominantly Athens, the Cyclades, and Macedonia.
  504. Find this resource:
  505. South Italy and Sicily
  506.  
  507. Besides the supplementary volumes of journals dedicated to conference proceedings, the various congress proceedings published in Atti del Convegno di studi sulla Magna Grecia 1961– are extremely important.
  508.  
  509. Atti del Convegno di studi sulla Magna Grecia. 1961–. Taranto, Italy: Instituto per la storia e l’archeologia della Magna Grecia.
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  511. A series that publishes conference proceedings on the archaeology and history of Magna Graecia and the relations of the communities of Magna Graecia with others in the Mediterranean. Conferences are thematic in nature, attracting both field archaeologists and ancient historians, and articles discuss new evidence long before its publication. Forty-seven volumes were published by 2008.
  512. Find this resource:
  513. Exhibition Catalogues
  514.  
  515. Archaeological research in southern Italy and Sicily moves at a very fast pace. The results of investigations are often presented in detailed exhibition catalogues, such as Pugliese Carratelli 1996 for the Greeks of the West, Trofimova 2007 for the Black Sea region, and Goddio and Clauss 2008 for the Alexandria region. Parlama and Stampolides 2000 shows the finds from the Metro excavations at Athens. Kaltsas, et al. 2010 is a good introduction to Eretria, whereas Kottaridi and Walker 2011 offers a unique glimpse into the wealth and ideology of the Macedonian royal house. These publications allow students and scholars to follow developments in the archaeology and art of a given region.
  516.  
  517. Goddio, Franck, and Manfred Clauss, eds. 2008. Egypt’s sunken treasures. 2d ed. Munich and London: Prestel.
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  519. Publication to accompany the exhibition organized in 2006 where finds from the cities of Alexandria, Herakleion, and Canopus, discovered during underwater investigations by Franck Goddio, were displayed. Sumptuously illustrated in color, it provides an excellent introduction to the wealth and diversity of the material culture of the region.
  520. Find this resource:
  521. Kaltsas, Nikolaos, Sylvian Fachard, Anastasia Psalti, and Mimika Giannopoulou, eds. 2010. Eretria: Maties se mia archaia pole; Ethniko Archaiologiko Mouseio, 27 Apriliou–24 Augoustou 2010. Athens, Greece: Kapon.
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  523. Lavishly illustrated catalogue of the exhibition in the National Archaeological Museum in Athens that covers the history and material culture of the city from the prehistoric to the Roman periods. Up-to-date bibliography and much previously unpublished material.
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  525. Kottaridi, Angeliki, and Susan Walker, eds. 2011. Heracles to Alexander the Great: Treasures from the royal capital of Macedon, a Hellenic kingdom in the age of democracy. Oxford: Ashmolean Museum.
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  527. The catalogue accompanying the major exhibition on Aigai, the capital of ancient Macedonia. Contains many short articles written by experts on ancient Macedonia that discuss the legend, culture, and history of Macedonia and Aigai in particular from the late Bronze Age to the age of Alexander the Great. The catalogue contains excellent illustrations of mainly unpublished material that sheds light on the ideology and material culture of the Macedonians.
  528. Find this resource:
  529. Parlama, Liana, and Nikolaos C. Stampolides, eds. 2000. The city beneath the city: Antiquities from the metropolitan railway excavations. Athens, Greece: Greek Ministry of Culture and Museum of Cycladic Art.
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  531. In the 1990s, the works for the underground (metro) led to wide-scale excavations at Athens that brought extraordinary new finds that change our perception of the ancient city. Most of these finds remain unpublished, but this catalogue of an exhibition at the Goulandris Museum discusses some of the important finds and offers good illustrations and a bibliography.
  532. Find this resource:
  533. Pugliese Carratelli, Giovanni, ed. 1996. The western Greeks: Classical civilization in the western Mediterranean. London: Thames and Hudson.
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  535. Stemming from a large exhibition in Venice (at Palazzo Grassi), this massive catalogue offers a detailed introduction to the impact of the presence of the Greeks in southern Italy and Sicily. It is arranged thematically, with chapters written by specialists in the field that cover the language (alphabet), history, archaeology, topography, art, religion, economy, literature, and science of the colonies. It contains a wealth of illustrations and a very detailed bibliography.
  536. Find this resource:
  537. Trofimova, Anna A. 2007. Greeks on the Black Sea: Ancient art from the Hermitage. Los Angeles: J. Paul Getty Museum.
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  539. Exhibition catalogue that brings together short articles on the art and the Greek communities in the Black Sea by the archaeologists who are working on them. Published in English with excellent pictures and a detailed bibliography, it offers an accessible introduction to the region.
  540. Find this resource:
  541. Monograph Series on Major Sites
  542.  
  543. The foreign institutes active in the Mediterranean often publish their monographs in series that deal with specific sites, architectural complexes within the sites, and categories of artifact assemblages. The focus in this survey is on Greece, as there is a plethora of publications by the major schools. Not all can be mentioned here, only those of major sites that are the standard points of reference for classical archaeologists wanting to find comparative material for their own finds and for graduate students wanting a more detailed account on a site.
  544.  
  545. Athens
  546.  
  547. The civic center of Athens and its major cemetery have received exemplary publications by the American and German schools, respectively.
  548.  
  549. Athenian agora: Results of excavations conducted by the American School of Classical Studies at Athens. 1953–. Princeton, NJ: American School of Classical Studies at Athens.
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  551. The series that presents the results of the American School excavations in the civic center of Athens. Thirty-four volumes have been published by 2011. Each volume is devoted to the publication of a particular building or class of material; for example pottery, inscriptions, lamps, coins, sculpture. The typological catalogues, especially for pottery, are essential comparative tools for scholars and graduate students publishing finds from other sites.
  552. Find this resource:
  553. Kerameikos: Ergebnisse der Ausgrabungen. Vols. 1–17. 1939–. Berlin: de Gruyter.
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  555. Monographs that publish the results of the excavations in the cemetery by the Athenian Kerameikos. Seventeen volumes have been published devoted to the detailed description of sectors of the cemetery; specific buildings, such as Building Z, the Pompeion, the grave enclosures at the Corner terrace; and classes of material, such as lamps, terra-cottas, geometric pottery, sculptures, and inscriptions.
  556. Find this resource:
  557. Peloponnese
  558.  
  559. The major Panhellenic sanctuaries, Olympia, Isthmia, and Nemea, and the cities of Argos and Corinth are among the best-published sites in the region. This section offers selected key series on major sites, such as the important port and commercial city of Corinth (Corinth 1929–) and the Panhellenic sanctuaries at Olympia (Olympische Forschungen 1943–) and at Isthmia (Isthmia 1973–). Etudes Peloponnesiennes 1956– discusses a wider range of sites, from well-known ones, such as Argos, to lesser projects, such as Kastraki in Laconia.
  560.  
  561. Corinth. 1929–. Princeton, NJ, and Athens, Greece: American School of Classical Studies at Athens.
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  563. Corinth was one of the leading cities in the Greek world, its importance stemming from its strategic location on the Isthmus, dominating the land corridor between central Greece and the Peloponnese. The site has been mostly excavated by the American School of Classical Studies (since 1896). The monograph series publishes the results of the American excavations at the site and consists of meticulous and extremely important studies on individual monuments and artifact assemblages.
  564. Find this resource:
  565. Etudes Peloponnesiennes. 1956–. Athens and Paris: de Boccard.
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  567. Monograph series that publishes studies on the French School at Athens excavations in the Peloponnese, especially on Argos, Arkadia, and Kastraki in Laconia.
  568. Find this resource:
  569. Isthmia. 1973–. Excavations by the University of Chicago under the Auspices of the American School of Classical Studies at Athens. Princeton, NJ: American School of Classical Studies at Athens.
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  571. The monograph series that publishes the excavations of the Panhellenic sanctuary of Poseidon at Isthmia, near the isthmus. Eight volumes have been published.
  572. Find this resource:
  573. Olympische Forschungen. 1943–. Vols. 1–32. Berlin: de Gruyter.
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  575. Publication of the excavation results, selected monuments, and classes of material from the German fieldwork activities at Olympia. Thirty-two volumes have been published since 1943.
  576. Find this resource:
  577. Central and Northern Greece
  578.  
  579. From the plethora of important sites, one should note the Panhellenic and oracular sanctuary at Delphi (Fouilles de Delphes 1908–); the major city of Euboea, Eretria (Eretria: Fouilles et recherches 1968–), and the early Iron age site at Lefkandi on the same island (Lefkandi 1979–); the sanctuary at Kalapodi in Phocis that proves to be a major regional sacred site and meeting point for Phocis (Felsch 1997–2007); Demetrias in Thessaly, a major Hellenistic Macedonian foundation (Demetrias 1976–2007), and Olynthus on the Chalkidike Peninsula (Excavations at Olynthus 1929–).
  580.  
  581. Demetrias. 1976–2007. Vols. 1–7. Würzburg, Germany: Ergon Verlag.
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  583. Monographs publishing the finds of the excavation and survey activities conducted by the German Archaeological Institute at Demetrias from 1968 to 1981. Seven volumes have been published on the topography and urban development of the city, its epigraphy, early Byzantine basilicas, the Anaktoron, bronze workshops, and Hellenistic terra-cottas.
  584. Find this resource:
  585. Eretria: Fouilles et recherches. 1968–. Berne, Switzerland: Éditions Francke.
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  587. The monograph series that publishes the Swiss excavations on the city and the territory of Eretria on Euboea. Twenty volumes have appeared to date.
  588. Find this resource:
  589. Excavations at Olynthus. 1929–. Vols. 1–15. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Univ. Press.
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  591. Due to the expansion of Olynthus in the late 5th century BCE, its destruction by Philip II in 348 BCE, and the absence of later occupation on the site, this is one of the most useful cases for the study of domestic architecture of a classical polis. The monograph series is devoted to the publication of the excavations of the city, the cemeteries, and major find groups.
  592. Find this resource:
  593. Felsch, R., ed. Kalapodi: Ergebnisse der Ausgrabungen im Heiligtum der Artemis und des Apollon von Hyampolis in der antiken Phokis. Vols 1–2. 1997–2007. Mainz, Germany: Philipp von Zabern.
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  595. Monographs publishing the results of the very important sanctuary of Artemis and Apollo at Kalapodi in Phocis. This is a site that has significantly enriched our understanding of ritual practices of early Greece as well as of the role of the site as a meeting point of rural communities. Two volumes have been published to date.
  596. Find this resource:
  597. Fouilles de Delphes. 1908–. Athens, Greece: École Française d’Athènes.
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  599. Publication series of the French excavations at the Panhellenic sanctuary at Delphi. In three subseries, it publishes major architectural complexes, artifact assemblages, and dedications according to class of material and the epigraphy of the sanctuary.
  600. Find this resource:
  601. Lefkandi. 1979–. Vols. 1–4. Athens, Greece, and London: British School of Archaeology at Athens.
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  603. Lefkandi on Euboea is the site that has changed our perception of the early Iron Age, as the excavation of its cemeteries revealed complex social structure and long-distance contacts of the Euboeans with the eastern Mediterranean already in the 10th century BCE as well as impressive funerary architecture and assemblages. This series publishes the results of the British excavations at the site.
  604. Find this resource:
  605. Aegean Islands
  606.  
  607. Delos, the sacred island on the Cyclades, the Heraion at Samos, and the islands of Thasos and Samothrace are all well treated in the detailed monographs published mainly by the foreign institutes active in the region. Each series includes volumes dedicated either to major monuments or to classes of material, Études Thasiennes 1944– on Thasos, Exploration archéologique de Délos 1909– on Delos, Samos 1961– on the Heraion of the homonymous island, and Samothrace 1959– on the island and the major sanctuary of the Kabeiroi.
  608.  
  609. Études Thasiennes. 1944–. Paris and Athens, Greece: de Boccard.
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  611. The series of the French School at Athens publishing the results of the excavations on the island of Thasos, in the northern Aegean, in the form of monographs.
  612. Find this resource:
  613. Exploration archéologique de Délos. 1909–. Athens, Greece: École Française d’Athènes.
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  615. The publication series with monographs on the French excavations on the islands of Delos and Rheneia.
  616. Find this resource:
  617. Samos. 1961–. Vols. 1–26. Bonn, Germany: Rudolph Habelt GmbH.
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  619. Monographs published under the auspices of the German Archaeological Institute that are devoted to the detailed publication of the results of the fieldwork at the Heraion of Samos and the city of Samos. Twenty-six volumes have been published since 1961.
  620. Find this resource:
  621. Samothrace. 1959–. American School of Classical Studies. Princeton, NJ: Princeton Univ. Press.
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  623. Ten volumes have been published on the various excavations on the island of Samothrace and the sanctuary of the Kabeiroi.
  624. Find this resource:
  625. Asia Minor
  626.  
  627. Besides the standard sites, Miletus, Ephesus, Priene, Pergamum, and Halicarnassus (although this is a Carian city), which receive treatment in special publication series, Byzas 2005– has begun to bring out very interesting volumes on the archaeology of the region.
  628.  
  629. Altertümer von Pergamon. 1890–. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter.
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  631. The series presents the results of the excavations at Pergamon, the capital of the Attalid Kingdom, and focuses on the publication of the various architectural complexes and inscriptions.
  632. Find this resource:
  633. Byzas. 2005–. Istanbul: Ege Yayınları/Zero.
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  635. A series published by the German Archaeological Institute at Istanbul with monographs and congress proceedings on the material culture of Asia Minor. Ten volumes have been published to date.
  636. Find this resource:
  637. Forschungen in Ephesos. 1906–. Vienna: Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften.
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  639. The series that publishes the results of the Austrian archaeological investigations in the city of Ephesus and the important sanctuary of Artemis.
  640. Find this resource:
  641. Maussolleion at Halikarnassos: Reports of the Danish Archaeological Expedition to Bodrum. 1981–. Copenhagen: Jutland Archaeological Society in Commission at Gyldendalske Boghandel, Nordisk Forlag.
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  643. A series of monographs on various aspects and features of the Danish excavations at the Mausoleum of Halicarnassus.
  644. Find this resource:
  645. Milesische Forschungen. 2007–. Mainz, Germany: Philipp von Zabern.
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  647. Monographs publishing the results of the excavations at the sanctuary of Athena and Apollo at Miletus and the proceedings of a conference on the archaeology and the culture of the region, Volume 5, Justus Cobet, Volkmar von Graeve, Wold-Dietrich Niemeier, and Konrad Zimmermann, eds., Frühes Ionien: Eine Bestandsaufnhame, Panionion-Symposion Güzelcamli 26. September–1. Oktober 1999 (Mainz, Germany: Von Zabern, 2007).
  648. Find this resource:
  649. Milet: Ergebnisse der Ausgrabungen und Untersuchungen seit dem Jahr 1899. Vols. 1–6. 1906–. Berlin: de Gruyter.
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  651. Miletus, a major Ionian city that colonized the Black Sea coast in the Archaic period and home of the oracular sanctuary of Apollo at Didyma, is treated in two major publication series. Milet is the series currently under the supervision of V. von Graeve, which publishes the excavations at the city, originally conducted by Theodor Wiegand.
  652. Find this resource:
  653. Pergamenische Forschungen. 1968–. Berlin: de Gruyter.
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  655. The series, under the supervision of Wolfgang Radt, published by the German Archaeological Institute at Berlin, with monographs on the city of Pergamum and on artifact groups (mainly pottery, small finds, and coins).
  656. Find this resource:
  657. North Africa
  658.  
  659. The late 1990s saw a dramatic increase in the research and publication on Alexandria, mostly by French teams that conducted underwater excavations on the coast of Egypt and revealed part of the royal quarters and vast necropoleis in the city; their results are published mainly in Études alexandrines 1998–. In Cyrenaica excellent archaeological work is being conducted by the Italian mission (Monografie di Archaeologia Libica 1948–) and British universities, especially at Euesperides (the latter under publication and presented in major articles in journals, such as Libya Antiqua).
  660.  
  661. Études alexandrines. 1998–. Cairo: Institut français d’archéologie orientale.
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  663. A series that publishes monographs and conference proceedings on the archaeology, language, and culture of Alexandria, focusing on the results of the investigation of the French Institute. Eleven volumes have been published to date.
  664. Find this resource:
  665. Monografie di Archeologia Libica. 1948–. Rome: L’Erma di Bretschneider.
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  667. Series of monographs dedicated to the publication of major sites and monuments in Libya, in particular Cyrene, Leptis Magna, and Sabratha, as well as of the art of the region.
  668. Find this resource:
  669. The Black Sea
  670.  
  671. The archaeology of the Black Sea has received new interest in the West since the 1990s in English publications. Colloquia Pontica 1999– is the most regularly published.
  672.  
  673. Colloquia Pontica. 1999–. Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill.
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  675. From 1995 to 1999, the series was published in Oxford by Oxbow Books. A series edited by Gocha R. Tsetskhladze that publishes articles and monographs on the archaeology, history, and culture of the Black Sea region.
  676. Find this resource:
  677. Gazetteer of Selected Sites
  678.  
  679. This bibliography will offer a guide to the most important sites and most accessible or recent publications.
  680.  
  681. Athens and Attica
  682.  
  683. Although Athens is one of the most explored regions in Greece, usually the focus is on the art and architecture of the urban center. But the polis of the Athenians comprised many demes and a well-populated countryside. In the late 20th and early 21st centuries, public works have revealed important new evidence for both Athens itself and the countryside. Camp 2001 and Goette 1993 stand as good starting points for anyone exploring Attica and the city of Athens.
  684.  
  685. Camp, John M. 2001. The archaeology of Athens. New Haven, CT, and London: Yale Univ. Press.
  686. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  687. A now classic handbook on Athens by the director of the Agora excavations; the book offers a clear survey of the monuments of the city of Athens with material arranged chronologically. A gazetteer of sites in Attica is a good starting point for research. Well illustrated, up-to-date, and user-friendly.
  688. Find this resource:
  689. Goette, Hans Rupprecht. 1993. Athens, Attica, and the Megarid: An archaeological guide. London and New York: Routledge.
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  691. Excellent guide to the region mentioning the major sites. The author is one of the experts in the topography of Attica and the study of its countryside and has succeeded in presenting in a lucid and user-friendly way the major sites and monuments. Useful for anyone teaching or studying the archaeology of Athens and Attica.
  692. Find this resource:
  693. Athens
  694.  
  695. The administrative center of Athens, the agora; the main cemetery in the Kerameikos; and the major civic sanctuary are well known. Knigge 1991, Camp and Mauzy 2009, and Hurwit 1999 present the evidence for the student and the scholar in an exemplary way.
  696.  
  697. Camp, John M., and Craig A. Mauzy, eds. 2009. The Athenian agora: New perspectives on an ancient site. Mainz, Germany: Philipp von Zabern.
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  699. This lavishly illustrated book offers an introduction to the development and state of the excavations at the Athenian agora. With up-to-date maps and plans and good illustrations, it is very useful for both students and those interested in tracing the changes in methodology, techniques, and goals over the seventy-five years of excavations at the site.
  700. Find this resource:
  701. Hurwit, Jeffrey M. 1999. The Athenian Acropolis: History, mythology, and archaeology from the Neolithic era to the present. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge Univ. Press.
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  703. An excellent detailed overview of the state of knowledge on the Athenian Acropolis, the major sanctuary of Athens. Clearly organized and written in a fluent style with a detailed bibliography, it is very useful for scholars and students alike.
  704. Find this resource:
  705. Knigge, Ursula. 1991. The Athenian Kerameikos: History, monuments, excavations. Athens, Greece: Krini Editions.
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  707. A concise guidebook to the excavations, topography, and major monuments of the cemetery at Kerameikos by one of the field directors of the German team. It is well presented and illustrated and includes a survey of the changes over time.
  708. Find this resource:
  709. The Countryside and the Demes
  710.  
  711. Recent work on the Athenian countryside is usually published in conference proceedings. Thorikos (Mussche 1974), Rhamnous (Petrakos 1999), the major sanctuary at Eleusis (Papaggeli 2002), the harbor installations and finds (Steinhauer 2001), and Marathon and its territory (Steinhauer 2009) are good examples of the vibrant life in Attic demes and of the varied evidence from the Attic countryside.
  712.  
  713. Mussche, H. F. 1974. Thorikos: A guide to the excavations. Brussels: Comité des fouilles belges en Grèce.
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  715. Brief book summarizing the results of the explorations of the Belgian team at Thorikos, a deme on the east coast of Attica, near the Laurion mines.
  716. Find this resource:
  717. Papaggeli, Kalliopi. 2002. Eleusis: The archaeological site and the museum. Athens, Greece: Olkos Editions.
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  719. Eleusis was the site of one of the major sanctuaries of Attica, that of Demeter and Persephone, where the mysteries took place. This book offers an excellent introduction to the sanctuary, its major buildings, the cult at the site, and the votives as well as the city itself and its cemeteries. Like all publications by the Latsis Group and Eurobank, it is up-to-date, extremely well illustrated, and accessible online.
  720. Find this resource:
  721. Petrakos, Vasileios C. 1999. O Demos tou Ramnountos. Athens, Greece: Archaeological Society of Athens.
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  723. Two-volume monograph summarizing and publishing the results of the excavations of this fort and deme of Athens on the northeast coast of Attica. With a monumental sanctuary (dedicated to Nemesis), an excellently excavated cemetery with imposing grave enclosures bearing elaborate sculptural monuments, and a rich epigraphic record, this is a very important site.
  724. Find this resource:
  725. Steinhauer, George. 2001. The archaeological Museum of Piraeus. Athens, Greece: Olkos Editions.
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  727. Although essentially a guide to the Museum of Piraeus, this lavish publication presents a brief outline of the city of Piraeus and an excellent discussion and illustration of key finds from Attica and the coastal region (like the “poet’s tomb” from Daphne, the Kallithea tomb monument, and the monumental bronze statues). Extremely useful for students and scholars alike, it has excellent illustrations and a recent bibliography and can be found on the web via the John S. Latsis Benefit Foundation.
  728. Find this resource:
  729. Steinhauer, George. 2009. Marathon and the archaeological museum. Translated by Judy Giannakopoulou. Athens, Greece: Olkos Editions.
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  731. Marathon, the site of the famous battle on the northeast part of Athens, has been long explored but not very well published. This lavish publication traces the history of habitation and use of the site from prehistoric times to the Roman period. It is an extremely well-illustrated book, and although not accessible on the market, it is easily found on the web at the John S. Latsis Benefit Foundation.
  732. Find this resource:
  733. Peloponnese
  734.  
  735. Peloponnese was the region where three out of four Panhellenic competitions took place: Olympia (Arapogianni 2007), Nemea (Miller 2004), and Isthmia. Besides Sparta, whose archaeology is being reassessed, other major sites are Corinth, controlling the trade routes of the isthmus and a major colonizing force (Williams and Bookidis 2003); Epidaurus, with the important theater and the major cult of Asklepios (Tomlinson 1982); and Messene, with a rich epigraphic record and spectacular architectural finds (Themelis 1999).
  736.  
  737. Arapogianni, Xeni. 2007. Olympia: The cradle of the Olympic Games. Athens, Greece: Militos Editions.
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  739. Coffee-table book offering a good introduction to the site of Olympia with excellent illustrations and a good bibliography.
  740. Find this resource:
  741. Kaltsas, Nikolaos, ed. 2006. Athens-Sparta. New York: Alexandros Onassis Public Benefit Foundation.
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  743. Exhibition catalogue that presents evidence from Sparta mostly in comparison to Athens aiming to show how different the archaeology of the two leading cities of the classical period was. Well illustrated with recent bibliography.
  744. Find this resource:
  745. Miller, Stephen G. 2004. Nemea: A guide to the site and museum. Athens, Greece: Greek Ministry of Culture, Archaeological Receipts Fund.
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  747. The most up-to-date guide on the sanctuary of Zeus and the games at Nemea by the director of the excavations conducted by the University of California, Berkeley, and the American School of Classical Studies. Very well illustrated, authoritative, and user-friendly.
  748. Find this resource:
  749. Themelis, Petros. G. 1999. Ancient Messene. Athens, Greece: Ministry of Culture, Archaeological Receipts Fund.
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  751. Introductory catalogue to the spectacular excavations at Messene, the Hellenistic city in southwestern Peloponnese that has offered us an unprecedented number of inscriptions (for a Greek site) with well-known context and a very good view of a Hellenistic and Roman Greek city. Written by the director of the excavations that are conducted under the auspices of the Archaeological Society of Athens and the Centre for Messenian Studies, this is a clear, well-written survey with good illustrations.
  752. Find this resource:
  753. Tomlinson, Richard A. 1982. Epidauros. Austin: Univ. of Austin Texas.
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  755. Still the only comprehensive, accessible guide to the sanctuary of the healing god Asklepios at Epidaurus, which received major elaboration in the early 4th century BCE.
  756. Find this resource:
  757. Williams, Charles K., II, and Nancy Bookidis, eds. 2003. Corinth, the centenary, 1896–1996. Corinth 20. Princeton, NJ: American School of Classical Studies at Athens.
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  759. The proceedings of a symposium held in Athens in 1996 for the centenary of the Corinth excavations. It includes twenty-six articles on a variety of topics (clay identification, geology of the region, architecture, pottery, workshops, trade, technology (bronze, terra-cottas) that range in date from prehistory to the Ottoman period. With a detailed bibliography and up-to-date discussion of numerous themes, it is extremely useful as an introduction to the site and its complexity.
  760. Find this resource:
  761. Boeotia–Euboea–Central Greece
  762.  
  763. Central Greece encompasses the archaeology of Boeotia with its most prominent city, Thebes, a major power in the 4th century BCE and rich cemeteries at Tanagra and Ritsona; Phocis and the Panhellenic sanctuary and oracle of Delphi; and Euboea and its leading cities, Eretria and Chalkis. Vlachopoulos 2008 is an excellent introduction to the wealth of archaeological activity of the region and is sumptuously illustrated.
  764.  
  765. Bommelaer, Jean-François, 1991. Guide de Delphes: Le site. Paris and Athens, Greece: de Boccard.
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  767. Brief, authoritative guide to the site of the sanctuary at Delphi and its major monuments. Easy to use and useful for students.
  768. Find this resource:
  769. Ducrey, P., ed. 2004. Eretria: A guide to the ancient city. Gollion, Switzerland: Infolio Editions.
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  771. Brief but informative guide on the Swiss excavations of the city with good illustrations and a detailed bibliography.
  772. Find this resource:
  773. Vlachopoulos, Andreas G., ed. 2008. Archaiologia: Euboia kai Sterea Ellada. Athens, Greece: Melissa.
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  775. Sumptuously produced coffee-table book (in Greek) with articles commissioned by archaeologists working in the field that discuss briefly major sites in Athens and Attica, Euboea, Boeotia, and central Greece. Indispensable both for the general reader and for scholars and students.
  776. Find this resource:
  777. Thessaly
  778.  
  779. This region was often considered marginal to developments in the Greek world and backward due to the different political organization, as an ethnos, with political power in the hands of landowning elite families and is best known for its prehistoric civilizations. Recent excavations have challenged this assumption both for the Mycenaean period, due to the finds at Dimini, and for the first millennium BCE. In the 1970s–1980s much work was conducted by the German Institute at Athens, but subsequently work has been done mainly by the Archaeological Service, and the results are published mainly in conference proceedings; see Kapon 1994, Mazarakis-Ainian 2006, and Mazarakis-Ainian 2009, cited under Conference Proceedings. Stamatopoulou 2007 offers a useful analysis of the archaeology of the region from the 7th to the end of the 5th centuries BCE.
  780.  
  781. Batziou-Efstathiou, Anthi. 2001. Demetrias. Athens, Greece: Ministry of Culture, Archaeological Receipts Fund.
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  783. Short guide to Demetrias, the city founded by the Macedonian king Demetrios Poliorketes on the Gulf of Pagasai, modern Volos, in Thessaly, that became a major political, administrative, and commercial center.
  784. Find this resource:
  785. Hatziaggelakis, Leonidas P. 2007. Proistorikoi kai istorikoi chronoi. In Odoiporiko sta Mnemeia tou Nomou Karditsa: Archaiotetes-Naoi-Neotera Mnemeia. Edited by Elpida Tsagaraki, 15–82. Karditsa, Greece: Karditsa Prefecture.
  786. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  787. Short, well-illustrated guide to the ancient sites excavated and identified in western Thessaly with good illustrations. Contains much unpublished material, otherwise unknown.
  788. Find this resource:
  789. Stamatopoulou, Maria. 2007. Thessalian aristocracy and society in the age of Epinikian. In Pindar’s poetry, patrons, and festivals from Archaic Greece to the Roman Empire. Edited by S. Hornblower and C. Morgan. Oxford: Clarendon.
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  791. Long article focusing on Thessaly in the Archaic and classical periods and arguing that Thessalian communities participated actively in the value systems of contemporary Greeks. With an overview of Thessalian archaeology in the Archaic period to the end of the 5th century and an exhaustive bibliography.
  792. Find this resource:
  793. To Ergo ton Eforeion Archaioteton kai Neoteron Mnemeion tou YPPO ste Thessalia kai sten eurytere perioche tes (1990–1998): 1st Epistemonike Synantese; Volos, Maios 1998, 2000. Volos, Greece: Ministry of Culture, Thirteenth Ephorate of Prehistoric and Classical Antiquities.
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  795. The first conference on the archaeological activity of the departments of Antiquity of Thessaly, preceding Mazarakis-Ainian 2006 and Mazarakis-Ainian 2009 (cited under Conference Proceedings).
  796. Find this resource:
  797. Macedonia and Thrace
  798.  
  799. These are regions where the most exciting new discoveries have been made in the late 20th and early 21st centuries. Prompted by Manolis Andronikos’s investigations at the royal cemetery at Vergina, ancient Aigai (Andronikos 1984), there has been a dramatic increase in the archaeological exploration of northern Greece. Brecoulaki 2006 treats painting but offers an overview of important monuments from the region, whereas the other entries in this section treat the most important sites: Aigai and Pella, the two capitals; Aiani on Upper Macedonia; Pydna and Methone, the harbors in Pieria; Lefkadia-Mieza; Derveni-Lete, and Amphipolis in the east; and the sanctuary at Dion.
  800.  
  801. Andronikos, Manolis. 1984. Vergina: The royal tombs and the ancient city. Athens, Greece: Ekdotike Athenon S.A.
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  803. This is first comprehensive and still useful discussion of the discoveries of the old Macedonian capital near modern Vergina by the excavator of the site. Focuses on the royal tombs under the Great Tumulus, and also discusses the palace with the nearby theater. Written in a clear and fluent style, it is still highly readable and indispensable for anyone looking at Macedonian material culture.
  804. Find this resource:
  805. Bessios, Matthaios. 2010. Pieridon Stephanos: Pydna, Methone kai oi archaiotetes tes boreias Pierias. Katerini, Greece: A.Ph.E.
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  807. Pydna, a Macedonian town, and Methone, a Euboean colony, were the major harbors of the Macedonian kingdom until the late classical period. Excavations have revealed thousands of tombs and numerous settlement sites dating from the Neolithic period to late Antiquity. This sumptuously illustrated volume presents the finds from the whole region of northern Pieria in a concise way with excellent images and allows a full appreciation of the importance of this region in Antiquity. Very important not just for those interested in ancient Macedonia but also for students of ancient Greek art and mortuary practices.
  808. Find this resource:
  809. Brecoulaki, Hariclia. 2006. La peinture funeraire de Macedoine: Emplois et fonctions de la couleur IVe–IIe s. av. J.-C. Athens, Greece: Centre de recherches de l’antiquité grecque et romaine.
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  811. Funerary painting was one of the leading art forms in ancient Macedonia. This book (in French) focuses on technical aspects of the paintings and discusses all known monuments. Based on a firsthand study of the tombs with an excellent grip on aspects of technique, pigments, and painting process, this monumental work is important for anyone wishing to become acquainted with the funerary archaeology of the region. Excellent bibliography and lavish color illustrations.
  812. Find this resource:
  813. Karamitrou-Mentessidi, Georgia. 2008. Aiani: Archaeological sites and the museum. Aiani-Kozani, Greece: Hellenic Ministry of Culture, Thirtieth Ephorate of Prehistoric and Classical Antiquities.
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  815. The most up-to-date and accessible introduction, in English, of the very important excavations at Aiani, in upper Macedonia, probably the capital of the Elimeians. This site has produced evidence for monumental architecture, sculptural finds comparable to southern Greece (kouros and kore statues) and a series of important tomb monuments that lead us to reevaluate the isolation of the region and its backwardness. Extremely well illustrated and written in an authoritative manner by the director of the site.
  816. Find this resource:
  817. Lazaridis, Dimitrios. 1993. Amphipolis. Athens, Greece: Hellenic Ministry of Culture, Archaeological Receipts Fund.
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  819. Concise, well-illustrated guide to the site and the museum at Amphipolis, one of the leading poleis on the northern Aegean shores, that played an important role in Athenian and Macedonian politics in the 5th and 4th centuries BCE.
  820. Find this resource:
  821. Lilimbaki-Akamati, Maria, and Ioannis Akamatis, eds. 2004. Pella and its environs. Athens, Greece: Hellenic Ministry of Culture.
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  823. The Macedonian capital received a huge influx of wealth immediately after Alexander’s campaigns. This well-illustrated and up-to-date introduction to the archaeology of the Macedonian capital is written by various archaeologists working on the site and briefly presents the major monuments of the city as well as the recently excavated Archaic tombs at Archontikon. Written in Greek with an extensive English summary, it is useful both for students and for scholars.
  824. Find this resource:
  825. Miller, Stella G. 1993. The tomb of Lyson and Kallikles: A painted Macedonian tomb. Mainz, Germany: Philipp von Zabern.
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  827. Excellent publication of the so-called Macedonian tomb, that is, a built, partially underground chamber tomb covered with a barrel vault and often preceded by an elaborate facade. This tomb type emerged in the second half of the 4th century BCE as the tomb of choice of the Macedonian elite. This exemplary book publishes this family tomb from ancient Mieza. The first chapter offers the most concise introduction to the Macedonian tomb, its problems of definition, and the burial practices associated with it. Extremely useful for students and scholars alike.
  828. Find this resource:
  829. Pandermalis, Dimitrios. 1999. Dion: He Anakalypse. Athens, Greece: Adam Editions.
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  831. Dion was a religious center for the ancient Macedonians and the location of the Olympic Games, and was developed into a major Roman site. This is a coffee-table book (in Greek) presenting the major monuments of the site with excellent illustrations, brief but clear descriptions of major monuments, and very useful plans of the site.
  832. Find this resource:
  833. Rhomiopoulou, Aikaterini. 1997. Lefkadia: Ancient Mieza. Athens, Greece: Hellenic Ministry of Culture, Archaeological Receipts Fund.
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  835. Lefkadia, the site of ancient Mieza, a leading Macedonian city, has been known mainly through the discovery of monumental Macedonian tombs, the so-called Judgment Tomb the best known among them. In the late 20th and early 21st centuries large architectural complexes have been discovered but are known only from preliminary reports. This book is a good summary in English of the excavation of the cemetery area with the painted Macedonian tombs.
  836. Find this resource:
  837. Themelis, Petros, and Ioannis Touratsoglou. 1997. Hoi taphoi tou Derveniou. Demosieumata tou Archaiologikou Deltiou 59. Athens, Greece: Hellenic Ministry of Culture, Archaeological Receipts Fund.
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  839. Authoritative publication (in Greek with an extensive English summary) of the extraordinarily rich late-4th-century cist tombs found in the 1960s at Derveni, near Thessaloníki. They bear witness to the wealth that was brought to the region in the generation following the campaigns of Alexander, to the wide variability in mortuary archaeology of the region, and to the distinct material culture adopted by the Macedonian military elite. Essential for anyone studying ancient Macedonia.
  840. Find this resource:
  841. Epirus
  842.  
  843. Located in the northwestern part of the Greek Peninsula, Epirus is among the least treated in archaeological literature. Occupied by a number of Greek-speaking tribes, the Epirotes, but also in close contact with the Illyrians and the Macedonians, it was considered to be a backwater. Work on Ambrakia, Kassope, Orreos, and the major oracular sanctuary at Dodona (Dieterle 2007) helps us reevaluate our perceptions of the region.
  844.  
  845. Dieterle, Martina. 2007. Dodona: Religionsgeschichtliche und historische Untersuchungen zur Entstehung unt Entwicklung des Zeus-Heiligtums. Zurich and New York: Georg Olms Verlag Hildesheim.
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  847. This historical study devoted to the oracular sanctuary of Zeus at Dodona is the first comprehensive work to appear on this important cult center. Chapters 3 and 4 (pp. 103–234) are devoted to the architecture and the votives from the site, which are in desperate need of full publication.
  848. Find this resource:
  849. Hoepfner, Wolfram, ed. 1999. Geschichte des Wohnens. Band 1, 5000 v. Chr.–500 n.Chr.: Vorgeschichte, Frügeschichte, Antike. Stuttgart: Deutsche Verlags-Anstalt.
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  851. Chapters 3.4 (pp. 368–383) dedicated to Kassope, 3.5 (pp. 384–411) dedicated to Orraon (Ammotopos), and 3.6 (pp. 412–426) dedicated to the island of Leukas, on the Ionian shores of Epirus, are written in collaboration with Greek scholars working in the regions and offer good introductions to the complexity of the archaeological evidence in northwestern Greece.
  852. Find this resource:
  853. Zachos, Konstantinos, ed. 2008. To archaiologiko mouseio Ioanninon. Athens, Greece: Hellenic Ministry of Culture, Twelfth Ephorate of Prehistoric and Classical Antiquities.
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  855. A well-illustrated catalogue of the recently reopened Archaeological Museum at Ioannina, with a selection of finds from major sites. Very good introductory bibliography to many sites.
  856. Find this resource:
  857. The Aegean Islands
  858.  
  859. The archaeological evidence from the Aegean islands is extremely rich both in variety and in the wealth of the material. The evidence is divided into broad geographical regions that reflect the historical development and cultural links of the islands to mainland Greece and Asia Minor. Vlachopoulos 2006 provides the best and most recent introduction to the subject.
  860.  
  861. Vlachopoulos, Andreas G., ed. 2006. Archaeology: Aegean islands. Translated by Alexandra Doumas. Athens, Greece: Melissa.
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  863. Sumptuously illustrated and produced coffee-table book first published in Greek, with articles commissioned by archaeologists working in the field who briefly discuss major sites in the Aegean. With up-to-date information and an excellent bibliography and illustrations, it offers an invaluable introduction to the archaeology of the islands.
  864. Find this resource:
  865. The Cyclades
  866.  
  867. Delos (Bruneau and Ducat 2005), Paros (Zapheiropoulou 1998), and Naxos all played a vital role in the emergence of monumental arts in the Archaic period. The importance of Delos in the late 2nd and the 1st centuries BCE is reflected in the archaeology of the island (Hadjidakis 2003). Yeroulanou and Stamatopoulou 2005 contains useful articles on Despotiko and Kythnos, two islands where important sanctuary sites were revealed in the early 21st century.
  868.  
  869. Bruneau, Philip, and Jean Ducat. 2005. Guide de Délos. 4th ed. Athens, Greece: French School at Athens.
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  871. Excellent summary of the archaeology at Delos (in French but relatively easy to follow for those with even a very limited knowledge of the language).
  872. Find this resource:
  873. Hadjidakis, Panagiotis J. 2003. Delos. Translated by Judy Giannakopoulou. Athens, Greece: Olkos Editions and Eurobank.
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  875. A lavish publication by the John S. Latsis Benefit Foundation and EFG Eurobank Ergasias Bank that traces the history of habitation and use of the island from prehistoric times to the Roman period. Like all publications from the same series, it is accessible on the web at the foundation’s website.
  876. Find this resource:
  877. Yeroulanou, Marina, and Maria Stamatopoulou, eds. 2005. Architecture and archaeology in the Cyclades: Papers in honour of J. J. Coulton. Oxford: Archaeopress.
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  879. The publication (in English) of a day conference that took place at Oxford in 2004 in honor of Jim Coulton. It brings together specialists in the architecture of the Cyclades and field directors of major projects. Very useful for an overview of the Iron Age evidence (Gounaris) as well as sites and architectural developments at Naxos, Paros, and Amorgos and long articles on the recently investigated spectacular sanctuaries at Kythnos and Despotiko.
  880. Find this resource:
  881. Zapheiropoulou, Photeini. 1998. Paros. Athens, Greece: Hellenic Ministry of Culture, Archaeological Receipts Fund.
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  883. Paros was among the leading islands in the Archaic period and in the forefront of sculptural and architectural developments. This is a short but comprehensive guide to the monuments of the island of Paros and its museum.
  884. Find this resource:
  885. The Dodecanese
  886.  
  887. The Dodecanese were often under Carian control. Kos is famous for its Asklepieion, while Rhodes provides us with exciting evidence about the island and its strategic importance (Konstantinopoulos 1986).
  888.  
  889. Archaia Rhodos, 2400 chronia. 1993. Rhodes, Greece: Hellenic Ministry of Culture, KB Ephorate of Prehistoric and Classical Antiquities.
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  891. Short booklet to accompany the exhibition at the archaeological museum of Rhodes offering a good introduction to the material culture of the city of Rhodes.
  892. Find this resource:
  893. Konstantinopoulos, Grigorios. 1986. Archaia Rhodos. Athens, Greece: Morphotiko Hidryma Ethnikes Trapezes.
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  895. Although a bit dated and in Greek, it contains a good description of the major monuments of the city of Rhodes and the other settlements of the island.
  896. Find this resource:
  897. Verein zur Förderung der Aufarbeitung der Hellenischen Geschichte. Archäologische Forschung und Funde in der Dodekanes: Rhodos, Ialyssos, Kos, Nisyros und Giali. 2007. Weilheim and Obb, Germany: Verein zur Förderung der Aufarbeitung der Hellenischen Geschichte.
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  899. A selection of articles summarizing discoveries on the Dodecanese, especially Rhodes and Kos. Greek and German text.
  900. Find this resource:
  901. Eastern Aegean Islands
  902.  
  903. The Samian Heraion (Kyrieleis 1983, Kyrieleis 1993), Chios (Archontidou-Argyri and Kyriakopoulou 2000), Thasos (Grandjean and Salviat 2000), and Samothrace (Lehmann 1998) have been extensively excavated both by Greek teams and by foreign institutes. Their material culture shows close links with the Asia Minor settlements and is represented in the brief publications mentioned in this section.
  904.  
  905. Archontidou-Argyri, Archontia, and Theodora Kyriakopoulou, eds. 2000. Chios t’enalos polis Oinopionos. Chios, Greece: Hellenic Ministry of Culture, K’Ephorae of Prehistoric and Classical Antiquities.
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  907. A well-illustrated publication to coincide with the opening of the Archaeological Museum of Chios. It includes short essays on the history, topography, art, and literary evidence relevant to the island by scholars working on Chios and its material culture. Bilingual edition with recent bibliography, it is easily accessible.
  908. Find this resource:
  909. Grandjean, Yves, and François Salviat. 2000. Guide de Thasos. Athens, Greece: École Française d’Athènes.
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  911. A good guidebook to the island of Thasos, its archaeology, its major monuments, and the archaeological museum with brief but clear presentations of various sectors of the city and a thematic approach in the second half with a full and up-to-date bibliography.
  912. Find this resource:
  913. Kyrieleis, Helmut. 1983. Führer durch das Heraion von Samos. Athens, Greece: Krini Editions.
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  915. Summary catalogue of the German excavations at the Heraion of Samos. It is published both in German and in English.
  916. Find this resource:
  917. Kyrieleis, Helmut. 1993. The Heraion at Samos. In Greek sanctuaries: New approaches. Edited by Nanno Marinatos and Robin Hägg, 125–153. London: Routledge.
  918. DOI: 10.4324/9780203432709Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  919. Comprehensive article about the sanctuary, in English.
  920. Find this resource:
  921. Lehmann, Karl. 1998. Samothrace: A guide to the excavations and the museum. 6th ed. Thessaloníki, Greece: Tameio Archaiologikōn Porōn.
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  923. Summary catalogue to the excavations conducted by the American School at the Sanctuary of Great Gods.
  924. Find this resource:
  925. Western Asia Minor
  926.  
  927. Among the leading cities on the western Asia Minor coast we will single out those that are best known and published; for example, Assos (Arslan and Böhlendorf-Arslan 2010); Ephesus, known for its sanctuary and monumental architecture that received patronage by kings such as Kroisos and Alexander the Great (Letzner 2010); Pergamum, the capital of the Attalid Kingdom, a showcase of Attalid ideology and propaganda, and one of the most visually stunning Hellenistic cities (Koester 1998; Radt 1999; Pirson 2004); Priene, a small polis that can serve as a typical example of a late classical and Hellenistic urban environment (Rumscheid and Koenigs 1998); and Halikarnassus at modern Bodrum, the seat of Mausolus and the capital of Caria (Carstens 2009).
  928.  
  929. Arslan, Nurettin, and Beate Böhlendorf-Arslan. 2010. Living in the rocks: Assos, an archaeological guide. Istanbul: Homer Kitabevi.
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  931. Brief, recently published guide on the excavations and the settlement at Assos.
  932. Find this resource:
  933. Carstens, Anne-Marie. 2009. Karia and the Hekatomnids: The creation of a dynasty. Oxford: Archaeopress.
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  935. A monograph dedicated to the archaeology and cultural history of Caria in the 4th century presenting evidence from numerous sites but also detailing Halicarnassus. Although at times uneven, it presents a wealth of archaeological evidence with an up-to-date bibliography that is very useful for the student and scholar approaching the region and the city itself.
  936. Find this resource:
  937. Koester, Helmut, ed. 1998. Pergamon, citadel of the gods: Archaeological record, literary description, and religious development. Harrisburg, PA: Harvard Theological Trinity Press International.
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  939. Edited volume with useful articles on the archaeology and history of Pergamum, especially Wolfgang Radt’s (pp. 1–40), that offers an overview of research in the city in English.
  940. Find this resource:
  941. Letzner, Wolfram. 2010. Ephesos: Eine antike Metropole in Kleinasien; Kulturführer zur Geschichte und Archäologie. Mainz, Germany: Philipp von Zabern.
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  943. Brief, informative guide to the ancient city and its archaeology with beautiful photos.
  944. Find this resource:
  945. Pirson, Felix. 2004. Elaia, der maritime Satellit Pergamons. Istanbuler Mitteilungen 54:197–213.
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  947. Festschrift Wolfgang Radt. The overview article of the harbor installations of Pergamum at Elaia.
  948. Find this resource:
  949. Radt, Wolfgang. 1999. Pergamon: Geschichte und Bauten einer antiken Metropole. Darmstadt, Germany: Primus Verlag and Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft.
  950. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  951. A well-illustrated and detailed guide to the city and its major monuments. Although written in German, it is easy to follow due to the numerous illustrations and plans. Useful for students and tutors alike.
  952. Find this resource:
  953. Rumscheid, Frank, and Wolf Koenings. 1998. Priene: A guide to the “Pompeii of Asia Minor.” Istanbul: Ege Yayınları.
  954. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  955. Brief but informative introduction to the city discussing the history of the excavations and major monuments and architectural complexes by sector. Very well illustrated. It is a must for students and for teaching a course on Hellenistic culture and Priene.
  956. Find this resource:
  957. South Italy and Sicily
  958.  
  959. The best way to approach the archaeology of these regions, especially for the novice, is via the archaeological guides (Greco 2008, Coarelli and Torelli 2000). Cerchiai, et al. 2004 is the best introduction to the major sites and their bibliography.
  960.  
  961. Cerchiai, Luca, Lorena Jannelli, and Fausto Longo. 2004. The Greek cities of Magna Graecia and Sicily. Los Angeles: Getty.
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  963. A concise and very informative survey of Greek sites in the west with an up-to-date bibliography, clear presentation, organization of the evidence (by site), and excellent photographs. The translation from the original (Italian) text and the transliteration of Greek names are inconsistent and at times poor.
  964. Find this resource:
  965. Coarelli, Filippo, and Mario Torelli. 2000. Sicilia. 5th ed. Bari, Italy: Laterza.
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  967. Archaeological guide to Sicily, part of the Laterza Archaeological Guides series. Organized by region, it offers an excellent introduction (in Italian) to the major sites of the island, Selinus, Gela and Acragas, and Syracuse, as well as a detailed bibliography and good, clear plans. Aimed at the general public, it is useful as a starting point for students and scholars.
  968. Find this resource:
  969. Greco, Emanuele. 2008. Magna Grecia. New rev. ed. Bari, Italy: Laterza.
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  971. Archaeological guide to the sites of South Italy. Aimed at the general public, it is extremely well informed and illustrated with recent plans. The material is arranged by region with emphasis on the most important sites. Greco has done an admirable job in making the archaeology of the region accessible. With a detailed bibliography and clear descriptions of sites, monuments, and their development over time, this is a very useful starting point for students and scholars alike.
  972. Find this resource:
  973. Egypt and Cyrenaica
  974.  
  975. The archaeological evidence for the presence and interaction of the Greeks with Egypt and the populations of the Cyrenaica is extremely rich and dates to the Mycenaean period. Sites like Naucratis (Möller 2000) in Egypt and Cyrene (Bonacasa and Ensoli 2004) in modern Libya were among the earliest settlements in these regions. The foundation of Alexandria by Alexander the Great transformed the cultural landscape of the region. In the late 20th and early 21st centuries archaeological activity has intensified in the region both with projects of underwater archaeology, like Jean-Yves Empereur’s or Franck Goddio’s, and with publication and reevaluation of old evidence (McKenzie 2007). The bibliography on Cyrene is vast; therefore it is easier for the novice to approach its archaeology through general books (Bonacasa and Ensoli 2004).
  976.  
  977. Naucratis
  978.  
  979. Naucratis shows evidence for Greek presence already in the 7th century. Although its character as an emporion or a permanent Greek settlement is debated (Möller 2000), it is evident that permission was granted by the Egyptian pharaoh to the Greeks to settle and trade on this site near the delta. An interesting sanctuary site was investigated in the 19th century, and a survey and republication project is prompting us to reevaluate its significance.
  980.  
  981. Möller, Astrid. 2000. Naukratis: Trade in Archaic Greece. Oxford Monographs on Classical Archaeology. Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press.
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  983. Monograph discussing the archaeology and history of Naucratis. At times one-sided, it is still very useful in that it offers a good summary of the archaeological evidence for the site in the Archaic period.
  984. Find this resource:
  985. Villing, Alexandra, and Udo Schlotzhauer, eds. 2006. Naukratis: Greek diversity in Egypt; Studies on East Greek pottery and exchange in the eastern Mediterranean. London: British Museum.
  986. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  987. A collection of articles discussing the pottery finds from Naucratis and their historical and social significance. Many important studies that prompt a reevaluation of the evidence. Up-to-date bibliography.
  988. Find this resource:
  989. Alexandria
  990.  
  991. The cosmopolitan Hellenistic Ptolemaic capital has been increasingly investigated, and we now know far more about its archaeology and topography. McKenzie 2007 compiles all available evidence to reconstruct the topography and architectural style of the city from the 4th century onward, while Empereur 1998 offers a clear, simple account of underwater discoveries on its port.
  992.  
  993. Empereur, Jean-Yves. 1998. Alexandria rediscovered. Translated by Margart Maehler. London: British Museum.
  994. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  995. A coffee-table book on the discoveries at Alexandria by Empereur and his team, it is a good introduction to the excavations and the sites at Alexandria.
  996. Find this resource:
  997. Goddio, Franck, and Manfred Clauss, eds. 2008. Egypt’s sunken treasures. 2d ed. Munich and London: Prestel.
  998. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  999. Stemming from an exhibition in Berlin, this lavishly illustrated book shows some of the most important finds from Goddio’s underwater explorations off the coast of the delta.
  1000. Find this resource:
  1001. McKenzie, Judith. 2007. The architecture of Alexandria and Egypt, c. 300 B.C.–A.D. 700. New Haven, CT: Yale Univ. Press.
  1002. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  1003. A book that offers an authoritative study of the topography of the ancient city of Alexandria and a discussion of major monuments and its architecture.
  1004. Find this resource:
  1005. Cyrene
  1006.  
  1007. A Greek colony in Libya, Cyrene was a major settlement with a long history. Bonacasa and Ensoli 2004 is a good introduction to the archaeology of the site with an extensive bibliography and excellent photographs.
  1008.  
  1009. Bonacasa, Nicola, and Serena Ensoli, eds. 2004. Cirene. Milan: Electa Napoli.
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  1011. General but well-illustrated book on Cyrene, in Italian, with a recent and detailed bibliography. Concise and meant for the general public but also useful for students interested in the city.
  1012. Find this resource:
  1013. The Black Sea
  1014.  
  1015. The shores of the Black Sea were settled in the Archaic period by Ionian Greeks, predominantly from Miletus, and were highly sought after because of the wealth in grain and access to gold resources and timber both by the Athenians in the 5th century and the Macedonian kings later. Until recently, despite the spectacular finds from some princely tombs in the region that borders the Scythian world of the steppes, not much was accessible to scholars in the West due to language restrictions. In the late 20th and early 21st centuries the various publications edited by Gocha R. Tsetskhladze have begun to make this exciting material far better known. As with Macedonia, a handbook is badly needed.
  1016.  
  1017. Tsetskhladze, Gocha R., ed. 1998. The Greek colonisation of the Black Sea area. Stuttgart: Franz Steiner.
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  1019. A large number of articles in English on major sites in the Black Sea, such as Apollonia Pontica, Olbia, Berezan, Chersonesus, and Sinope, by archaeologists working in the field. Although at times the English is patchy, such volumes make this otherwise inaccessible material known to scholars and students.
  1020. Find this resource:
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