import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.MouseEvent;
import java.awt.event.MouseListener;
import javax.swing.*;

public class CheckerBoard extends JFrame implements MouseListener {
    //Rather than create just JLabels, it is better to create an array of
    //objects. The Tiles class is posted under neither this main class.
    Tiles[][] boardPieces = new Tiles[8][8];

    public CheckerBoard(){
        super("CheckerBoard 1.0");
        //Create the JPanel
        JPanel panel = new JPanel(new GridLayout(boardPieces.length,boardPieces.length));
        //Start making all of the pieces. It is better to use the .length value that way
        //That way you can create as many as you like.
        for(int i = 0; i<boardPieces.length; i++){
            for(int k = 0; k<boardPieces.length; k++){
                //Creating each piece. This will become more apparent when you look
                //into the Tiles class.
                boardPieces[i][k] = new Tiles(i,k,0);
                //Adding the MouseEvent
                boardPieces[i][k].addMouseListener(this);
                //Adding it to the JPanel
                panel.add(boardPieces[i][k]);
            }
        }
        //Adding the Panel to the Frame
        add(panel,BorderLayout.CENTER);

    }
    public void mouseClicked(MouseEvent e){
        //Getting the source of Tiles and creating an object: clicked
        Tiles clicked = (Tiles)e.getSource();
        //If you clicked something that is displayed, then paint as necessary.
        if(clicked.isDisplayable()){
            //Call the function that will paint the JLabel
            clicked.paintComponents(clicked.getGraphics());
        }

    }
    public void mouseEntered(MouseEvent e)
    {
    }
    public void mousePressed(MouseEvent e)
    {
    }
    public void mouseReleased(MouseEvent e)
    {
    }
    public void mouseExited(MouseEvent e)
    {
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        CheckerBoard cb = new CheckerBoard();
        cb.setSize(475, 475);
        cb.setVisible(true);
    }

}

import java.awt.*;
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.Graphics;

//As noted, it is better to create an array of objects. You have much
//more functionality in here.
public class Tiles extends JLabel {
    int x,y;
    int width = 50;
    int height = 50;
    int value;

    //These are all the initial values that you pass in the for-loop
    public Tiles(int X, int Y, int v){
        //Establish the coordinates and the bounds.
        this.x = X;
        this.y = Y;
        //Set all the pieces originally to 0. That way
        //we know they are all empty.
        this.value = v;
        this.setBounds(this.x*50,this.y*50,width,height);
        this.setOpaque(true);
        //Draw the initial shape. The original value will
        //simply return the color specified.
        this.repaint();
        if(this.x % 2 == 0){
            this.setBackground(Color.black);
        }
        else {
            this.setBackground(Color.white);
        }
    }
    //This is the function that will draw the graphics.
    public void paintComponents(Graphics g){
        //First determine the value of the piece clicked.
        if(this.value == 0){
            //If empty, change the value to being occupied
            //by red. Change the oval color to red.
            this.value = 1;
            g.setColor(Color.RED);
        }
        else {
            //If it is not empty, then change it
            //back to it's original color.
            this.value = 0;
            if(this.x % 2 == 0){
                g.setColor(Color.black);
            }
            else{
                g.setColor(Color.WHITE);
            }
        }
        //Fill the oval information.
        g.fillOval(x, y, width, height);
    }
}