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- Greg Malivuk
- gmalivuk@staffordhouse.com
- http://www.pastebin.com/u/gmalivuk - notes from all classes
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- p. 33 part 1 - What is happening in the picture?
- part 2 - With a partner, guess the correct numbers to complete each sentence.
- (Also, introduce yourself to your partner and try to remember their name.)
- 1 70
- 2 3
- 3 46
- 4 10
- 5 200
- - How much water do you think you personally use every day?
- - What are some things we can do to reduce water use? Do you do any of those things?
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- p. 34 - What is happening in the pictures?
- A - Two guys are swimming with a shark in the ocean.
- B - People are rafting on a river.
- C - A man is swimming in a cenote.
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- part 1 - With a partner, decide which places are best for each activity. If you don’t know a word, check a dictionary (NOT a translator) or look for pictures.
- Have you done the activities? Do you do any of them regularly?
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- These are all “go” activities: We typically talk about them with “go” + verb(ing)
- I go swimming every day. I went swimming yesterday. I’m going to go swimming tomorrow.
- I can’t go swimming. = I don’t have time today.
- I can’t swim. = I don’t know how to swim.
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- part 4 - Listen to people talking about two of the photos. Are these sentences true or false?
- 2 F - They were coming down from rapids, not approaching them.
- part 5 - What do you think happened next?
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- Spelling rule: ‘ck’
- panic - panicked - panicking
- (In English, just like Spanish, Portuguese, and Italian, ‘c’ before ‘e’ or ‘i’ has a different pronunciation. To keep the /k/ sound, we add the letter ‘k’.)
- (Other examples: traffic, picnic)
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- Grammar: Simple past and past continuous
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- What tense is used in the sentences in part 5? Why?
- - Simple past, because these are past actions that happened once and then finished.
- What about most of the sentences in 4?
- - Past continuous, because these actions continued for some time in the past.
- (Importantly, something else happened during these actions.)
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- Past Continuous Form: was/were + verb(ing)
- y/n ? - Were you rafting in a lake? Yes, I was. / No, I wasn’t.
- Was I drinking a lot? Yes, you were. / No, you weren’t.
- info ? - What were you doing? What was he doing?
- (subject ? - Who was calling? How many people were rafting?)
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- Differences in meaning:
- What did you do when you broke your arm? = After you broke your arm, what did you do (in response)?
- What were you doing when you broke your arm? = What action were you in the middle of when it happened?
- - Past continuous often gives background information.
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- BREAK
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- Action (dynamic) and Non-action (stative) verbs:
- Actions require some time (maybe very little).
- Non-actions don’t take any time.
- “short actions” take very little time; they can be continuous but this is rare
- I broke my arm yesterday. (strange to say, “I was breaking my arm.”)
- “medium actions” take a medium amount of time; they’re common in simple and continuous, and the meaning is different
- I was riding my bike home when I broke my arm. NOT= I rode my bike home when I broke my arm.
- “long actions” always take a long time; simple and continuous often have the same meaning
- I was living in Boston at the time. = I lived in Boston at the time.
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- p. 35 exercise 11 - complete the paragraph with the correct forms of the verbs
- 1 was working
- 2 heard
- 3 began
- 4 bought
- 5 went
- 6 swam
- 7 was moving
- 8 caught up
- 9 got
- 10 spent
- 11 felt
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- Conjunctions: when, while, because, so
- I was riding my bike when I broke my arm. = I broke my arm while I was riding my bike.
- I wasn’t paying attention, so I got lost. = I got lost because I wasn’t paying attention.
- (Note: “when”, “while”, and “because” can also go at the beginning of a sentence. In that case you need a comma in the middle.)
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- p. 35 part 10 - Choose the best conjunction for each situation and write sentences with the correct verbs.
- 1 When I took a photo of the hippo, I dropped my camera in the water.
- I was taking a photo of the hippo when I dropped my camera in the water.
- 2 My friend fell out of the raft because he didn’t hold on.
- My friend fell out of the raft because he wasn’t holding on.
- 3 I saw some strange fish while I was diving.
- 4 I was having some problems with my mask, so my brother helped me.
- I had some problems with my mask, so my brother helped me.
- I was having some problems with my mask, so my brother was helping me.
- I had some problems with my mask, so my brother was helping me.
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- Think about the first time you did or tried a water activity. (It can be from part 1 or something else.)
- Your partners ask yes/no questions until they figure it out. Then switch roles.
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- What do you know about the Titanic? (The ship, not the movie.)
- - In 1912, it was the biggest ship. It hit an iceberg and sank on its way from England to New York.
- p. 36 - Read “Return to the Titanic”
- part 1 - Which question goes with each paragraph?
- 1 b
- 2 a
- 3 d
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- Timeline of Titanic events.
- 1912 - Titanic sailed. Titanic sank. People died.
- - The box holding the bottles disappeared.
- 1960s - Two US nuclear submarines disappeared.
- 1985 - Ballard located the Titanic. They jumped for joy. They held a memorial.
- - Salvage company removed items. James Cameron visited the wreck. A couple got married.
- 2004 - Ballard returned to the Titanic. He saw how it was different.
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- What is the difference in meaning?
- At 7:00, I ate dinner. = I started dinner at 7.
- At 7:00, I was eating dinner. = I started before and finished after 7. (7:00 was in the middle of dinner.)
- At 7:00, I had eaten dinner. = I started and finished before 7.
- Instead of a specific hour, we can use another (short) action:
- When she got home, I ate dinner.
- When she got home, I was eating dinner.
- When she got home, I had eaten dinner.
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- Past Perfect:
- form = had + past participle
- meaning = “past of the past” = something before another specific time in the past
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- Homework (to start in class): p. 159 practice 1 AND p. 160 practice 2
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