2016-10-29 Saturday: 12 Experts

Greg Malivuk
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http://www.pastebin.com/u/gmalivuk
“2016-10-29 Saturday: 12 Experts”
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Homework:
Imagine a human and an alien are meeting for the first time. Use reported speech to describe (part of) their conversation.
Read the article about samurai on p. 147 and do parts 4, 5, 6 on p. 146.
(In part 6, I want to know exactly where each sentence can go. Between which other sentences? Not just which section it would go in.)
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p. 147 part 4
1 T
2 F
3 T
4 F
5 T
part 5
1 appeal
2 overcoming
3 fierce
4 battle-weary
5 savage
6 unarmed
7 threat
8 lone
It was a lone gunman. / The gunman was alone.
He bought live bait. / The worm was alive when he used it for fishing.
	(Adjectives with a- must come after a linking verb, not directly before the noun.)
part 6
1 Bushido section, at the end (“his words” refers to the quotation by Terukuni Uki)
2 Samurai history section, after “...might not have employed private soldiers.” (“these men” refers to the wealthy landowners)
3 Samurai identity section, after “... and went to the theater” (“also” means the sentence about Go is after other cultural things the Samurai did)
4 Samurai today section, after “...and TV dramas” (Seven Samurai is another example of the legacy of samurai in media)
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p. 142 part 1 - With your partner, discuss how these things or people are useful on an expedition, and add some other important things to the list.
dry food = nuts, cereal, chips, crackers (things that are normally dry when you eat them)
dried food = dried fruits, dried meat (jerky) (foods that are normally wet, but have been dehydrated so they keep longer and take up less space and weight)
(other food preparation adjectives: boiled, fried, steamed, baked, roast(ed), grilled, frozen)
Other things:
first aid kit
flashlight
water (or water filter and purification equipment)
jacket/coat/raincoat/boots
inflatable pillow, blanket(s)
lighter or matches
insect repellent
sunscreen
pot or pan to cook or boil watter
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Read about the two women on p. 142. What do you think happens to them?
part 6 - Listen to their stories and answer these questions.
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p. 143 part 7 - Who probably said these things?
1 Emma - This was possible, but it didn’t happen.
2 Beth - This was possible, but it didn’t happen.
3 Beth - This was impossible, so it didn’t happen. (Even if they had done something else, they would have had the mosquitoes.)
4 Emma - This was a good idea, but they didn’t do it.
5 Beth - This was a good idea, but they didn’t do it.
6 Emma - This wasn’t a good idea, but they did it.
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Remember: “could have” can also have a real meaning (from unit 8)
They could have died. I’m glad everyone is okay. = It was possible, but it didn’t happen.
They could have died. No one has seen them for a week. = Maybe this happened, but we don’t know.
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p. 143 part 10 - complete the paragraph with “should have”, “shouldn’t have”, “could have”, or “couldn’t have”, and the past participle of the verb in parentheses.
1 shouldn’t have eaten
2 couldn’t have felt
3 should have had
4 should have taken
5 could have died
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Pronunciation: reduction of “have”
I could have died. -> I could’ve died. -> I coulda died.
I should have taken. -> I should’ve taken. -> I shoulda taken.
I couldn’t have felt worse. -> I couldn’t’ve felt worse. -> I couldna felt worse.
I shouldn’t have eaten it. -> I shouldn’t’ve eaten it. -> I shouldna eaten it.
(We also pronounce “woulda”, “wouldna”, “mighta”, and “musta”)
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p. 143 part 12 - With your group, tell about a time when you made a mistake in one of these areas. What did you do? What should you or could you have done differently? (Share suggestions for your partners’ mistakes as well.)
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BREAK
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“The Man Who Ate His Boots” - What sort of story do you expect to read in this book?
p. 144 part 1 - Answer these questions.
part 2 - Read the first paragraph for the answers to these questions.
part 3 - Read the rest of the review to find if these statements are true or false.
1 F (“if they had copied the Inuit” means they didn’t copy them)
2 F
3 T (inadequate = not enough)
4 T (Hauling their own sleds was a tradition.)
5 F (they had fresh vegetables to prevent scurvy)
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“The British did get something right, however.” - We sometimes use do/does/did in affirmative sentences to emphasize that they are affirmative, rather than negative.
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Grammar: third conditional = past unreal conditional
Explorers could have avoided starvation, frostbite, and even death if they had copied the survival techniques of the local Inuit people.
 = It was possible for them to avoid these things, but they didn’t avoid them because they didn’t copy the survival techniques of the Inuit.


Form:
if + [past perfect], would/could/might have + past participle
(would/could/might have + past participle + if + [past perfect])


If they had learned to build igloos, the explorers would have been warm even in the worst Arctic weather.
(They didn’t learn, so they were not warm in the worst Arctic weather.)


If the explorers had worn sealskin and furs like the Inuit, they wouldn’t have suffered from the frostbite that was common among them but rare among the Inuit.
(They didn’t wear sealskin and furs, so they suffered from frostbite.)


Parry’s men wouldn’t have been as healthy if they hadn’t eaten the salads.
(Parry’s men were healthy because they ate the salads.)
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They would have survived if they’d learned from the Inuit. = I’m sure they would have survived.
They might have survived if they’d learned from the Inuit. = I’m not sure, maybe they would have survived, but maybe they still would have died anyway.


If I had been rich, I could have bought a house. = I would have had the ability, but who knows what I would have chosen to do with the money.
If I had been rich, I might have bought a house. = Buying a house was definitely one of the possible things I would have done with my money.
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p. 145 part 9 - Match the pairs of sentences, then write third-conditional sentences to connect them.
1 b - If we had planned everything better, the vacation wouldn’t have been a disaster.
2 c - If we had known how to read the road signs, we wouldn’t have gotten lost.
3 e - If we had taken a phrase book, we could have asked for help.
4 d - If the local people hadn’t given us directions, we couldn’t have found the way back to the main road.
5 f - If we hadn’t forgotten to check the museum opening times, we might have bought tickets ahead of time.
  (or a - If we hadn’t forgotten to check the museum opening times, we wouldn’t have gotten there too late.)
6 a - If we had gotten there earlier, we could have gotten into the museum.
  (or f - If had bought tickets ahead of time, we could have gotten into the museum.)
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Homework: 11-12 Test