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  1. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
  2. <style xmlns="http://purl.org/net/xbiblio/csl" class="in-text" version="1.0" demote-non-dropping-particle="never" page-range-format="expanded">
  3. <info>
  4. <title>American Psychological Association 7th edition RRR</title>
  5. <title-short>APA RRR</title-short>
  6. <id>http://www.zotero.org/styles/apa-RRR</id>
  7. <author>
  8. <name>Brenton M. Wiernik</name>
  9. <email>zotero@wiernik.org</email>
  10. </author>
  11. <category citation-format="author-date"/>
  12. <category field="psychology"/>
  13. <category field="generic-base"/>
  14. <updated>2022-01-31T14:43:56+00:00</updated>
  15. <rights license="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/">This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 License</rights>
  16. </info>
  17. <locale xml:lang="en">
  18. <terms>
  19. <term name="editortranslator" form="short">
  20. <single>ed. &amp; trans.</single>
  21. <multiple>eds. &amp; trans.</multiple>
  22. </term>
  23. <term name="translator" form="short">trans.</term>
  24. <term name="interviewer" form="short">
  25. <single>interviewer</single>
  26. <multiple>interviewers</multiple>
  27. </term>
  28. <term name="collection-editor" form="short">
  29. <single>ed.</single>
  30. <multiple>eds.</multiple>
  31. </term>
  32. <term name="circa" form="short">ca.</term>
  33. <term name="bc"> B.C.E.</term>
  34. <term name="ad"> C.E.</term>
  35. <term name="letter">personal communication</term>
  36. <term name="letter" form="short">letter</term>
  37. <term name="issue" form="long">
  38. <single>issue</single>
  39. <multiple>issues</multiple>
  40. </term>
  41. </terms>
  42. </locale>
  43. <locale xml:lang="af">
  44. <terms>
  45. <term name="letter">persoonlike kommunikasie</term>
  46. <term name="letter" form="short">brief</term>
  47. </terms>
  48. </locale>
  49. <locale xml:lang="ar">
  50. <terms>
  51. <term name="letter">اتصال شخصي</term>
  52. <term name="letter" form="short">خطاب</term>
  53. </terms>
  54. </locale>
  55. <locale xml:lang="bg">
  56. <terms>
  57. <term name="letter">лична комуникация</term>
  58. <term name="letter" form="short">писмо</term>
  59. </terms>
  60. </locale>
  61. <locale xml:lang="ca">
  62. <terms>
  63. <term name="letter">comunicació personal</term>
  64. <term name="letter" form="short">carta</term>
  65. </terms>
  66. </locale>
  67. <locale xml:lang="cs">
  68. <terms>
  69. <term name="letter">osobní komunikace</term>
  70. <term name="letter" form="short">dopis</term>
  71. </terms>
  72. </locale>
  73. <locale xml:lang="cy">
  74. <terms>
  75. <term name="letter">cyfathrebu personol</term>
  76. <term name="letter" form="short">llythyr</term>
  77. </terms>
  78. </locale>
  79. <locale xml:lang="da">
  80. <terms>
  81. <term name="et-al">et al.</term>
  82. <term name="letter">personlig kommunikation</term>
  83. <term name="letter" form="short">brev</term>
  84. </terms>
  85. </locale>
  86. <locale xml:lang="de">
  87. <terms>
  88. <term name="et-al">et al.</term>
  89. <term name="letter">persönliche Kommunikation</term>
  90. <term name="letter" form="short">Brief</term>
  91. </terms>
  92. </locale>
  93. <locale xml:lang="el">
  94. <terms>
  95. <term name="letter">προσωπική επικοινωνία</term>
  96. <term name="letter" form="short">επιστολή</term>
  97. </terms>
  98. </locale>
  99. <locale xml:lang="es">
  100. <terms>
  101. <term name="from">de</term>
  102. <term name="letter">comunicación personal</term>
  103. <term name="letter" form="short">carta</term>
  104. </terms>
  105. </locale>
  106. <locale xml:lang="et">
  107. <terms>
  108. <term name="letter">isiklik suhtlus</term>
  109. <term name="letter" form="short">kiri</term>
  110. </terms>
  111. </locale>
  112. <locale xml:lang="eu">
  113. <terms>
  114. <term name="letter">komunikazio pertsonala</term>
  115. <term name="letter" form="short">gutuna</term>
  116. </terms>
  117. </locale>
  118. <locale xml:lang="fa">
  119. <terms>
  120. <term name="letter">ارتباط شخصی</term>
  121. <term name="letter" form="short">نامه</term>
  122. </terms>
  123. </locale>
  124. <locale xml:lang="fi">
  125. <terms>
  126. <term name="letter">henkilökohtainen viestintä</term>
  127. <term name="letter" form="short">kirje</term>
  128. </terms>
  129. </locale>
  130. <locale xml:lang="fr">
  131. <terms>
  132. <term name="letter">communication personnelle</term>
  133. <term name="letter" form="short">lettre</term>
  134. <term name="editor" form="short">
  135. <single>éd.</single>
  136. <multiple>éds.</multiple>
  137. </term>
  138. </terms>
  139. </locale>
  140. <locale xml:lang="he">
  141. <terms>
  142. <term name="letter">תקשורת אישית</term>
  143. <term name="letter" form="short">מכתב</term>
  144. </terms>
  145. </locale>
  146. <locale xml:lang="hr">
  147. <terms>
  148. <term name="letter">osobna komunikacija</term>
  149. <term name="letter" form="short">pismo</term>
  150. </terms>
  151. </locale>
  152. <locale xml:lang="hu">
  153. <terms>
  154. <term name="letter">személyes kommunikáció</term>
  155. <term name="letter" form="short">levél</term>
  156. </terms>
  157. </locale>
  158. <locale xml:lang="id">
  159. <terms>
  160. <term name="letter">komunikasi pribadi</term>
  161. <term name="letter" form="short">surat</term>
  162. </terms>
  163. </locale>
  164. <locale xml:lang="is">
  165. <terms>
  166. <term name="letter">persónuleg samskipti</term>
  167. <term name="letter" form="short">bréf</term>
  168. </terms>
  169. </locale>
  170. <locale xml:lang="it">
  171. <terms>
  172. <term name="letter">comunicazione personale</term>
  173. <term name="letter" form="short">lettera</term>
  174. </terms>
  175. </locale>
  176. <locale xml:lang="ja">
  177. <terms>
  178. <term name="letter">個人的なやり取り</term>
  179. <term name="letter" form="short">手紙</term>
  180. </terms>
  181. </locale>
  182. <locale xml:lang="ko">
  183. <terms>
  184. <term name="letter">개인 서신</term>
  185. <term name="letter" form="short">편지</term>
  186. </terms>
  187. </locale>
  188. <locale xml:lang="la">
  189. <terms>
  190. <term name="letter"/>
  191. <term name="letter" form="short">epistula</term>
  192. </terms>
  193. </locale>
  194. <locale xml:lang="lt">
  195. <terms>
  196. <term name="letter">communicationis personalis</term>
  197. <term name="letter" form="short"/>
  198. </terms>
  199. </locale>
  200. <locale xml:lang="lv">
  201. <terms>
  202. <term name="letter">personīga komunikācija</term>
  203. <term name="letter" form="short">vēstule</term>
  204. </terms>
  205. </locale>
  206. <locale xml:lang="mn">
  207. <terms>
  208. <term name="letter">хувийн харилцаа холбоо</term>
  209. <term name="letter" form="short">захиа</term>
  210. </terms>
  211. </locale>
  212. <locale xml:lang="nb">
  213. <terms>
  214. <term name="et-al">et al.</term>
  215. <term name="letter">personlig kommunikasjon</term>
  216. <term name="letter" form="short">brev</term>
  217. </terms>
  218. </locale>
  219. <locale xml:lang="nl">
  220. <terms>
  221. <term name="et-al">et al.</term>
  222. <term name="letter">persoonlijke communicatie</term>
  223. <term name="letter" form="short">brief</term>
  224. </terms>
  225. </locale>
  226. <locale xml:lang="nn">
  227. <terms>
  228. <term name="et-al">et al.</term>
  229. <term name="letter">personlig kommunikasjon</term>
  230. <term name="letter" form="short">brev</term>
  231. </terms>
  232. </locale>
  233. <locale xml:lang="pl">
  234. <terms>
  235. <term name="letter">osobista komunikacja</term>
  236. <term name="letter" form="short">list</term>
  237. </terms>
  238. </locale>
  239. <locale xml:lang="pt">
  240. <terms>
  241. <term name="letter">comunicação pessoal</term>
  242. <term name="letter" form="short">carta</term>
  243. </terms>
  244. </locale>
  245. <locale xml:lang="ro">
  246. <terms>
  247. <term name="letter">comunicare personală</term>
  248. <term name="letter" form="short">scrisoare</term>
  249. </terms>
  250. </locale>
  251. <locale xml:lang="ru">
  252. <terms>
  253. <term name="letter">личная переписка</term>
  254. <term name="letter" form="short">письмо</term>
  255. </terms>
  256. </locale>
  257. <locale xml:lang="sk">
  258. <terms>
  259. <term name="letter">osobná komunikácia</term>
  260. <term name="letter" form="short">list</term>
  261. </terms>
  262. </locale>
  263. <locale xml:lang="sl">
  264. <terms>
  265. <term name="letter">osebna komunikacija</term>
  266. <term name="letter" form="short">pismo</term>
  267. </terms>
  268. </locale>
  269. <locale xml:lang="sr">
  270. <terms>
  271. <term name="letter">лична комуникација</term>
  272. <term name="letter" form="short">писмо</term>
  273. </terms>
  274. </locale>
  275. <locale xml:lang="sv">
  276. <terms>
  277. <term name="letter">personlig kommunikation</term>
  278. <term name="letter" form="short">brev</term>
  279. </terms>
  280. </locale>
  281. <locale xml:lang="th">
  282. <terms>
  283. <term name="letter">การสื่อสารส่วนบุคคล</term>
  284. <term name="letter" form="short">จดหมาย</term>
  285. </terms>
  286. </locale>
  287. <locale xml:lang="tr">
  288. <terms>
  289. <term name="letter">kişisel iletişim</term>
  290. <term name="letter" form="short">mektup</term>
  291. </terms>
  292. </locale>
  293. <locale xml:lang="uk">
  294. <terms>
  295. <term name="letter">особисте спілкування</term>
  296. <term name="letter" form="short">лист</term>
  297. </terms>
  298. </locale>
  299. <locale xml:lang="vi">
  300. <terms>
  301. <term name="letter">giao tiếp cá nhân</term>
  302. <term name="letter" form="short">thư</term>
  303. </terms>
  304. </locale>
  305. <locale xml:lang="zh-CN">
  306. <terms>
  307. <term name="letter">的私人交流</term>
  308. <term name="letter" form="short">信函</term>
  309. </terms>
  310. </locale>
  311. <locale xml:lang="zh-TW">
  312. <terms>
  313. <term name="letter">私人通訊</term>
  314. <term name="letter" form="short">信函</term>
  315. </terms>
  316. </locale>
  317. <!-- General categories of item types:
  318. Periodical: article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper post-weblog review review-book
  319. Periodical or Booklike: paper-conference
  320. Booklike: article book broadcast chapter dataset entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia figure
  321. graphic interview manuscript map motion_picture musical_score pamphlet patent
  322. personal_communication report song speech thesis post webpage
  323. Legal: bill legal_case legislation treaty
  324. -->
  325. <!-- APA references contain four parts: author, date, title, source -->
  326. <macro name="author-bib">
  327. <names variable="composer" delimiter=", ">
  328. <name name-as-sort-order="all" and="symbol" sort-separator=", " initialize-with=". " delimiter=", " delimiter-precedes-last="always"/>
  329. <substitute>
  330. <names variable="author"/>
  331. <names variable="illustrator"/>
  332. <names variable="director">
  333. <name name-as-sort-order="all" and="symbol" sort-separator=", " initialize-with=". " delimiter=", " delimiter-precedes-last="always"/>
  334. <label form="long" prefix=" (" suffix=")" text-case="title"/>
  335. </names>
  336. <choose>
  337. <if variable="container-title">
  338. <choose>
  339. <if type="book entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia" match="any">
  340. <choose>
  341. <if variable="title">
  342. <group delimiter=" ">
  343. <text macro="title"/>
  344. <text macro="parenthetical"/>
  345. </group>
  346. </if>
  347. <else>
  348. <text macro="title-and-descriptions"/>
  349. </else>
  350. </choose>
  351. </if>
  352. </choose>
  353. </if>
  354. </choose>
  355. <!-- Test for editortranslator and put that first as that becomes available -->
  356. <names variable="editor" delimiter=", ">
  357. <name name-as-sort-order="all" and="symbol" sort-separator=", " initialize-with=". " delimiter=", " delimiter-precedes-last="always"/>
  358. <label form="short" prefix=" (" suffix=")" text-case="title"/>
  359. </names>
  360. <names variable="editorial-director">
  361. <name name-as-sort-order="all" and="symbol" sort-separator=", " initialize-with=". " delimiter=", " delimiter-precedes-last="always"/>
  362. <label form="short" prefix=" (" suffix=")" text-case="title"/>
  363. </names>
  364. <names variable="collection-editor">
  365. <name name-as-sort-order="all" and="symbol" sort-separator=", " initialize-with=". " delimiter=", " delimiter-precedes-last="always"/>
  366. <label form="short" prefix=" (" suffix=")" text-case="title"/>
  367. </names>
  368. <choose>
  369. <if variable="title">
  370. <group delimiter=" ">
  371. <text macro="title"/>
  372. <text macro="parenthetical"/>
  373. </group>
  374. </if>
  375. <else>
  376. <text macro="title-and-descriptions"/>
  377. </else>
  378. </choose>
  379. </substitute>
  380. </names>
  381. </macro>
  382. <macro name="author-intext">
  383. <choose>
  384. <if type="bill legal_case legislation treaty" match="any">
  385. <text macro="title-intext"/>
  386. </if>
  387. <else-if type="interview personal_communication" match="any">
  388. <choose>
  389. <!-- These variables indicate that the letter is retrievable by the reader.
  390. If not, then use the APA in-text-only personal communication format -->
  391. <if variable="archive container-title DOI publisher URL" match="none">
  392. <group delimiter=", ">
  393. <names variable="author">
  394. <name and="symbol" delimiter=", " initialize-with=". "/>
  395. <substitute>
  396. <text macro="title-intext"/>
  397. </substitute>
  398. </names>
  399. <!-- Replace with term="personal-communication" if that becomes available -->
  400. <text term="letter"/>
  401. </group>
  402. </if>
  403. <else>
  404. <names variable="author" delimiter=", ">
  405. <name form="short" and="symbol" delimiter=", " initialize-with=". "/>
  406. <substitute>
  407. <text macro="title-intext"/>
  408. </substitute>
  409. </names>
  410. </else>
  411. </choose>
  412. </else-if>
  413. <else>
  414. <names variable="composer" delimiter=", ">
  415. <name form="short" and="symbol" delimiter=", " initialize-with=". "/>
  416. <substitute>
  417. <names variable="author"/>
  418. <names variable="illustrator"/>
  419. <names variable="director"/>
  420. <choose>
  421. <if variable="container-title">
  422. <choose>
  423. <if type="book entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia" match="any">
  424. <text macro="title-intext"/>
  425. </if>
  426. </choose>
  427. </if>
  428. </choose>
  429. <names variable="editor"/>
  430. <names variable="editorial-director"/>
  431. <text macro="title-intext"/>
  432. </substitute>
  433. </names>
  434. </else>
  435. </choose>
  436. </macro>
  437. <macro name="date-bib">
  438. <group delimiter=" " prefix="(" suffix=")">
  439. <choose>
  440. <if is-uncertain-date="issued">
  441. <text term="circa" form="short"/>
  442. </if>
  443. </choose>
  444. <group>
  445. <choose>
  446. <if variable="issued">
  447. <date variable="issued">
  448. <date-part name="year"/>
  449. </date>
  450. <text variable="year-suffix"/>
  451. <choose>
  452. <if type="article-magazine article-newspaper broadcast interview motion_picture pamphlet personal_communication post post-weblog song speech webpage" match="any">
  453. <!-- Many video and audio examples in manual give full dates. Err on the side of too much information. -->
  454. <date variable="issued">
  455. <date-part prefix=", " name="month"/>
  456. <date-part prefix=" " name="day"/>
  457. </date>
  458. </if>
  459. <else-if type="paper-conference">
  460. <!-- Capture 'speech' stored as 'paper-conference' -->
  461. <choose>
  462. <if variable="collection-editor editor editorial-director issue page volume" match="none">
  463. <date variable="issued">
  464. <date-part prefix=", " name="month"/>
  465. <date-part prefix=" " name="day"/>
  466. </date>
  467. </if>
  468. </choose>
  469. </else-if>
  470. <!-- Only year: article article-journal book chapter entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia dataset figure graphic
  471. manuscript map musical_score paper-conference[published] patent report review review-book thesis -->
  472. </choose>
  473. </if>
  474. <else-if variable="status">
  475. <group>
  476. <text variable="status" text-case="lowercase"/>
  477. <text variable="year-suffix" prefix="-"/>
  478. </group>
  479. </else-if>
  480. <else>
  481. <text term="no date" form="short"/>
  482. <text variable="year-suffix" prefix="-"/>
  483. </else>
  484. </choose>
  485. </group>
  486. </group>
  487. </macro>
  488. <macro name="date-sort-group">
  489. <choose>
  490. <if variable="issued">
  491. <text value="1"/>
  492. </if>
  493. <else-if variable="status">
  494. <text value="2"/>
  495. </else-if>
  496. <else>
  497. <text value="0"/>
  498. </else>
  499. </choose>
  500. </macro>
  501. <macro name="date-sort-date">
  502. <date variable="issued" form="numeric"/>
  503. </macro>
  504. <macro name="date-intext">
  505. <choose>
  506. <if variable="issued">
  507. <group delimiter="/">
  508. <group delimiter=" ">
  509. <choose>
  510. <if is-uncertain-date="original-date">
  511. <text term="circa" form="short"/>
  512. </if>
  513. </choose>
  514. <date variable="original-date">
  515. <date-part name="year"/>
  516. </date>
  517. </group>
  518. <group delimiter=" ">
  519. <choose>
  520. <if is-uncertain-date="issued">
  521. <text term="circa" form="short"/>
  522. </if>
  523. </choose>
  524. <group>
  525. <choose>
  526. <if type="interview personal_communication" match="any">
  527. <choose>
  528. <if variable="archive container-title DOI publisher URL" match="none">
  529. <!-- These variables indicate that the communication is retrievable by the reader.
  530. If not, then use the in-text-only personal communication format -->
  531. <date variable="issued" form="text"/>
  532. </if>
  533. <else>
  534. <date variable="issued">
  535. <date-part name="year"/>
  536. </date>
  537. </else>
  538. </choose>
  539. </if>
  540. <else>
  541. <date variable="issued">
  542. <date-part name="year"/>
  543. </date>
  544. </else>
  545. </choose>
  546. <text variable="year-suffix"/>
  547. </group>
  548. </group>
  549. </group>
  550. </if>
  551. <else-if variable="status">
  552. <text variable="status" text-case="lowercase"/>
  553. <text variable="year-suffix" prefix="-"/>
  554. </else-if>
  555. <else>
  556. <text term="no date" form="short"/>
  557. <text variable="year-suffix" prefix="-"/>
  558. </else>
  559. </choose>
  560. </macro>
  561. <!-- APA has two description elements following the title:
  562. title (parenthetical) [bracketed] -->
  563. <macro name="title-and-descriptions">
  564. <choose>
  565. <if variable="title">
  566. <group delimiter=" ">
  567. <text macro="title"/>
  568. <text macro="parenthetical"/>
  569. <text macro="bracketed"/>
  570. </group>
  571. </if>
  572. <else>
  573. <group delimiter=" ">
  574. <text macro="bracketed"/>
  575. <text macro="parenthetical"/>
  576. </group>
  577. </else>
  578. </choose>
  579. </macro>
  580. <macro name="title">
  581. <choose>
  582. <if type="post webpage" match="any">
  583. <!-- Webpages are always italicized -->
  584. <text variable="title" font-style="italic"/>
  585. </if>
  586. <else-if variable="container-title" match="any">
  587. <!-- Other types are italicized based on presence of container-title.
  588. Assume that review and review-book are published in periodicals/blogs,
  589. not just on a web page (ex. 69) -->
  590. <text variable="title"/>
  591. </else-if>
  592. <else>
  593. <choose>
  594. <if type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper post-weblog review review-book" match="any">
  595. <text variable="title" font-style="italic"/>
  596. </if>
  597. <else-if type="paper-conference">
  598. <choose>
  599. <if variable="collection-editor editor editorial-director" match="any">
  600. <group delimiter=": " font-style="italic">
  601. <text variable="title"/>
  602. <!-- Replace with volume-title as that becomes available -->
  603. <choose>
  604. <if is-numeric="volume" match="none">
  605. <group delimiter=" ">
  606. <label variable="volume" form="short" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
  607. <text variable="volume"/>
  608. </group>
  609. </if>
  610. </choose>
  611. </group>
  612. </if>
  613. <else>
  614. <text variable="title" font-style="italic"/>
  615. </else>
  616. </choose>
  617. </else-if>
  618. <else>
  619. <group delimiter=": " font-style="italic">
  620. <text variable="title"/>
  621. <!-- Replace with volume-title as that becomes available -->
  622. <choose>
  623. <if is-numeric="volume" match="none">
  624. <group delimiter=" ">
  625. <label variable="volume" form="short" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
  626. <text variable="volume"/>
  627. </group>
  628. </if>
  629. </choose>
  630. </group>
  631. </else>
  632. </choose>
  633. </else>
  634. </choose>
  635. </macro>
  636. <macro name="title-intext">
  637. <choose>
  638. <if variable="title" match="none">
  639. <text macro="bracketed-intext" prefix="[" suffix="]"/>
  640. </if>
  641. <else-if type="bill">
  642. <!-- If a bill has no number or container-title, assume it is a hearing; italic -->
  643. <choose>
  644. <if variable="number container-title" match="none">
  645. <text variable="title" form="short" font-style="italic" text-case="title"/>
  646. </if>
  647. <else-if variable="title">
  648. <text variable="title" form="short" text-case="title"/>
  649. </else-if>
  650. <else>
  651. <group delimiter=" ">
  652. <text variable="genre"/>
  653. <group delimiter=" ">
  654. <choose>
  655. <if variable="chapter-number container-title" match="none">
  656. <!-- Replace with label variable="number" as that becomes available -->
  657. <text term="issue" form="short"/>
  658. </if>
  659. </choose>
  660. <text variable="number"/>
  661. </group>
  662. </group>
  663. </else>
  664. </choose>
  665. </else-if>
  666. <else-if type="legal_case" match="any">
  667. <!-- Cases are italicized -->
  668. <text variable="title" font-style="italic"/>
  669. </else-if>
  670. <else-if type="legislation treaty" match="any">
  671. <!-- Legislation and treaties not italicized or quoted -->
  672. <text variable="title" form="short" text-case="title"/>
  673. </else-if>
  674. <else-if type="post webpage" match="any">
  675. <!-- Webpages are always italicized -->
  676. <text variable="title" form="short" font-style="italic" text-case="title"/>
  677. </else-if>
  678. <else-if variable="container-title" match="any">
  679. <!-- Other types are italicized or quoted based on presence of container-title. As in title macro. -->
  680. <text variable="title" form="short" quotes="true" text-case="title"/>
  681. </else-if>
  682. <else>
  683. <text variable="title" form="short" font-style="italic" text-case="title"/>
  684. </else>
  685. </choose>
  686. </macro>
  687. <macro name="parenthetical">
  688. <!-- (Secondary contributors; Database location; Genre no. 123; Report Series 123, Version, Edition, Volume, Page) -->
  689. <group prefix="(" suffix=")">
  690. <choose>
  691. <if type="patent">
  692. <!-- authority: U.S. ; genre: patent ; number: 123,445 -->
  693. <group delimiter=" ">
  694. <text variable="authority" form="short"/>
  695. <choose>
  696. <if variable="genre">
  697. <text variable="genre" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
  698. </if>
  699. <else>
  700. <!-- This should be localized -->
  701. <text value="patent" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
  702. </else>
  703. </choose>
  704. <group delimiter=" ">
  705. <!-- Replace with label variable="number" if that becomes available -->
  706. <text term="issue" form="short" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
  707. <text variable="number"/>
  708. </group>
  709. </group>
  710. </if>
  711. <else-if type="post webpage" match="any">
  712. <!-- For post webpage, container-title is treated as publisher -->
  713. <group delimiter="; ">
  714. <text macro="secondary-contributors"/>
  715. <text macro="database-location"/>
  716. <text macro="number"/>
  717. <text macro="locators-booklike"/>
  718. </group>
  719. </else-if>
  720. <else-if variable="container-title">
  721. <group delimiter="; ">
  722. <text macro="secondary-contributors"/>
  723. <choose>
  724. <if type="broadcast graphic map motion_picture song" match="any">
  725. <!-- For audiovisual media, number information comes after title, not container-title -->
  726. <text macro="number"/>
  727. </if>
  728. </choose>
  729. </group>
  730. </else-if>
  731. <else>
  732. <group delimiter="; ">
  733. <text macro="secondary-contributors"/>
  734. <text macro="database-location"/>
  735. <text macro="number"/>
  736. <text macro="locators-booklike"/>
  737. </group>
  738. </else>
  739. </choose>
  740. </group>
  741. </macro>
  742. <macro name="parenthetical-container">
  743. <choose>
  744. <if variable="container-title" match="any">
  745. <group prefix="(" suffix=")">
  746. <group delimiter="; ">
  747. <text macro="database-location"/>
  748. <choose>
  749. <if type="broadcast graphic map motion_picture song" match="none">
  750. <!-- For audiovisual media, number information comes after title, not container-title -->
  751. <text macro="number"/>
  752. </if>
  753. </choose>
  754. <text macro="locators-booklike"/>
  755. </group>
  756. </group>
  757. </if>
  758. </choose>
  759. </macro>
  760. <macro name="bracketed">
  761. <!-- [Descriptive information] -->
  762. <!-- If there is a number, genre is already printed in macro="number" -->
  763. <group prefix="[" suffix="]">
  764. <choose>
  765. <if variable="reviewed-author reviewed-title" type="review review-book" match="any">
  766. <!-- Reviewed item -->
  767. <group delimiter="; ">
  768. <group delimiter=", ">
  769. <group delimiter=" ">
  770. <!-- Assume that genre is entered as 'Review of the book' or similar -->
  771. <choose>
  772. <if variable="number" match="none">
  773. <choose>
  774. <if variable="genre">
  775. <text variable="genre" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
  776. </if>
  777. <else-if variable="medium">
  778. <text variable="medium" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
  779. </else-if>
  780. <else>
  781. <!-- Replace with term="review" as that becomes available -->
  782. <text value="Review of"/>
  783. </else>
  784. </choose>
  785. </if>
  786. <else>
  787. <choose>
  788. <if variable="medium">
  789. <text variable="medium" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
  790. </if>
  791. <else>
  792. <!-- Replace with term="review" as that becomes available -->
  793. <text value="Review of"/>
  794. </else>
  795. </choose>
  796. </else>
  797. </choose>
  798. <text macro="reviewed-title"/>
  799. </group>
  800. <names variable="reviewed-author">
  801. <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
  802. <name and="symbol" initialize-with=". " delimiter=", "/>
  803. </names>
  804. </group>
  805. <choose>
  806. <if variable="genre" match="any">
  807. <choose>
  808. <if variable="number" match="none">
  809. <text variable="medium" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
  810. </if>
  811. </choose>
  812. </if>
  813. </choose>
  814. </group>
  815. </if>
  816. <else-if type="thesis">
  817. <!-- Thesis type and institution -->
  818. <group delimiter="; ">
  819. <choose>
  820. <if variable="number" match="none">
  821. <group delimiter=", ">
  822. <text variable="genre" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
  823. <choose>
  824. <if variable="archive DOI URL" match="any">
  825. <!-- Include the university in brackets if thesis is published -->
  826. <text variable="publisher"/>
  827. </if>
  828. </choose>
  829. </group>
  830. </if>
  831. </choose>
  832. <text variable="medium" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
  833. </group>
  834. </else-if>
  835. <else-if variable="interviewer" type="interview" match="any">
  836. <!-- Interview information -->
  837. <choose>
  838. <if variable="title">
  839. <text macro="format"/>
  840. </if>
  841. <else-if variable="genre">
  842. <group delimiter="; ">
  843. <group delimiter=" ">
  844. <text variable="genre" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
  845. <group delimiter=" ">
  846. <text term="author" form="verb"/>
  847. <names variable="interviewer">
  848. <name and="symbol" initialize-with=". " delimiter=", "/>
  849. </names>
  850. </group>
  851. </group>
  852. </group>
  853. </else-if>
  854. <else-if variable="interviewer">
  855. <group delimiter="; ">
  856. <names variable="interviewer">
  857. <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
  858. <name and="symbol" initialize-with=". " delimiter=", "/>
  859. </names>
  860. <text variable="medium" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
  861. </group>
  862. </else-if>
  863. <else>
  864. <text macro="format"/>
  865. </else>
  866. </choose>
  867. </else-if>
  868. <else-if type="personal_communication">
  869. <!-- Letter information -->
  870. <choose>
  871. <if variable="recipient">
  872. <group delimiter="; ">
  873. <group delimiter=" ">
  874. <choose>
  875. <if variable="number" match="none">
  876. <choose>
  877. <if variable="genre">
  878. <text variable="genre" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
  879. </if>
  880. <else-if variable="medium">
  881. <text variable="medium" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
  882. </else-if>
  883. <else>
  884. <text term="letter" form="short" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
  885. </else>
  886. </choose>
  887. </if>
  888. <else>
  889. <choose>
  890. <if variable="medium">
  891. <text variable="medium" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
  892. </if>
  893. <else>
  894. <text term="letter" form="short" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
  895. </else>
  896. </choose>
  897. </else>
  898. </choose>
  899. <names variable="recipient" delimiter=", ">
  900. <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
  901. <name and="symbol" delimiter=", "/>
  902. </names>
  903. </group>
  904. <choose>
  905. <if variable="genre" match="any">
  906. <choose>
  907. <if variable="number" match="none">
  908. <text variable="medium" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
  909. </if>
  910. </choose>
  911. </if>
  912. </choose>
  913. </group>
  914. </if>
  915. <else>
  916. <text macro="format"/>
  917. </else>
  918. </choose>
  919. </else-if>
  920. <else-if variable="composer" type="song" match="all">
  921. <!-- Performer of classical music works -->
  922. <group delimiter="; ">
  923. <choose>
  924. <if variable="number" match="none">
  925. <group delimiter=" ">
  926. <choose>
  927. <if variable="genre">
  928. <text variable="genre" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
  929. <!-- Replace prefix with performer label as that becomes available -->
  930. <names variable="author" prefix="recorded by ">
  931. <name and="symbol" initialize-with=". " delimiter=", "/>
  932. </names>
  933. </if>
  934. <else-if variable="medium">
  935. <text variable="medium" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
  936. <!-- Replace prefix with performer label as that becomes available -->
  937. <names variable="author" prefix="recorded by ">
  938. <name and="symbol" initialize-with=". " delimiter=", "/>
  939. </names>
  940. </else-if>
  941. <else>
  942. <!-- Replace prefix with performer label as that becomes available -->
  943. <names variable="author" prefix="Recorded by ">
  944. <name and="symbol" initialize-with=". " delimiter=", "/>
  945. </names>
  946. </else>
  947. </choose>
  948. </group>
  949. </if>
  950. <else>
  951. <group delimiter=" ">
  952. <choose>
  953. <if variable="medium">
  954. <text variable="medium" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
  955. <!-- Replace prefix with performer label as that becomes available -->
  956. <names variable="author" prefix="recorded by ">
  957. <name and="symbol" initialize-with=". " delimiter=", "/>
  958. </names>
  959. </if>
  960. <else>
  961. <!-- Replace prefix with performer label as that becomes available -->
  962. <names variable="author" prefix="Recorded by ">
  963. <name and="symbol" initialize-with=". " delimiter=", "/>
  964. </names>
  965. </else>
  966. </choose>
  967. </group>
  968. </else>
  969. </choose>
  970. <choose>
  971. <if variable="genre" match="any">
  972. <choose>
  973. <if variable="number" match="none">
  974. <text variable="medium" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
  975. </if>
  976. </choose>
  977. </if>
  978. </choose>
  979. </group>
  980. </else-if>
  981. <else-if variable="container-title" match="none">
  982. <!-- Other description -->
  983. <text macro="format"/>
  984. </else-if>
  985. <else>
  986. <!-- For conference presentations, chapters in reports, software, place bracketed after the container title -->
  987. <choose>
  988. <if type="paper-conference speech" match="any">
  989. <choose>
  990. <if variable="collection-editor editor editorial-director issue page volume" match="any">
  991. <text macro="format"/>
  992. </if>
  993. </choose>
  994. </if>
  995. <else-if type="book">
  996. <choose>
  997. <if variable="version" match="none">
  998. <text macro="format"/>
  999. </if>
  1000. </choose>
  1001. </else-if>
  1002. <else-if type="report" match="none">
  1003. <text macro="format"/>
  1004. </else-if>
  1005. </choose>
  1006. </else>
  1007. </choose>
  1008. </group>
  1009. </macro>
  1010. <macro name="bracketed-intext">
  1011. <group prefix="[" suffix="]">
  1012. <choose>
  1013. <if variable="reviewed-author reviewed-title" type="review review-book" match="any">
  1014. <!-- This should be localized -->
  1015. <text macro="reviewed-title-intext" prefix="Review of "/>
  1016. </if>
  1017. <else-if variable="interviewer" type="interview" match="any">
  1018. <names variable="interviewer">
  1019. <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
  1020. <name and="symbol" initialize-with=". " delimiter=", "/>
  1021. <substitute>
  1022. <text macro="format-intext"/>
  1023. </substitute>
  1024. </names>
  1025. </else-if>
  1026. <else-if type="personal_communication">
  1027. <!-- Letter information -->
  1028. <choose>
  1029. <if variable="recipient">
  1030. <group delimiter=" ">
  1031. <choose>
  1032. <if variable="number" match="none">
  1033. <text variable="genre" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
  1034. </if>
  1035. <else>
  1036. <text term="letter" form="short" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
  1037. </else>
  1038. </choose>
  1039. <names variable="recipient" delimiter=", ">
  1040. <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
  1041. <name and="symbol" delimiter=", "/>
  1042. </names>
  1043. </group>
  1044. </if>
  1045. <else>
  1046. <text macro="format-intext"/>
  1047. </else>
  1048. </choose>
  1049. </else-if>
  1050. <else>
  1051. <text macro="format-intext"/>
  1052. </else>
  1053. </choose>
  1054. </group>
  1055. </macro>
  1056. <macro name="bracketed-container">
  1057. <group prefix="[" suffix="]">
  1058. <choose>
  1059. <if type="paper-conference speech" match="any">
  1060. <!-- Conference presentations should describe the session [container] in bracketed unless published in a proceedings -->
  1061. <choose>
  1062. <if variable="collection-editor editor editorial-director issue page volume" match="none">
  1063. <text macro="format"/>
  1064. </if>
  1065. </choose>
  1066. </if>
  1067. <else-if type="book" variable="version" match="all">
  1068. <!-- For entries in mobile app reference works, place bracketed after the container-title -->
  1069. <text macro="format"/>
  1070. </else-if>
  1071. <else-if type="report">
  1072. <!-- For chapters in reports, place bracketed after the container title -->
  1073. <text macro="format"/>
  1074. </else-if>
  1075. </choose>
  1076. </group>
  1077. </macro>
  1078. <macro name="secondary-contributors">
  1079. <choose>
  1080. <if type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper post-weblog review review-book" match="any">
  1081. <text macro="secondary-contributors-periodical"/>
  1082. </if>
  1083. <else-if type="paper-conference">
  1084. <choose>
  1085. <if variable="collection-editor editor editorial-director" match="any">
  1086. <text macro="secondary-contributors-booklike"/>
  1087. </if>
  1088. <else>
  1089. <text macro="secondary-contributors-periodical"/>
  1090. </else>
  1091. </choose>
  1092. </else-if>
  1093. <else>
  1094. <text macro="secondary-contributors-booklike"/>
  1095. </else>
  1096. </choose>
  1097. </macro>
  1098. <macro name="secondary-contributors-periodical">
  1099. <group delimiter="; ">
  1100. <choose>
  1101. <if variable="title">
  1102. <names variable="interviewer" delimiter="; ">
  1103. <name and="symbol" initialize-with=". " delimiter=", "/>
  1104. <label form="short" prefix=", " text-case="title"/>
  1105. </names>
  1106. </if>
  1107. </choose>
  1108. <names variable="translator" delimiter="; ">
  1109. <name and="symbol" initialize-with=". " delimiter=", "/>
  1110. <label form="short" prefix=", " text-case="title"/>
  1111. </names>
  1112. </group>
  1113. </macro>
  1114. <macro name="secondary-contributors-booklike">
  1115. <group delimiter="; ">
  1116. <choose>
  1117. <if variable="title">
  1118. <names variable="interviewer">
  1119. <name and="symbol" initialize-with=". " delimiter=", "/>
  1120. <label form="short" prefix=", " text-case="title"/>
  1121. </names>
  1122. </if>
  1123. </choose>
  1124. <!-- When editortranslator becomes available, add a test: variable="editortranslator" match="none"; then print translator -->
  1125. <choose>
  1126. <if type="post webpage" match="none">
  1127. <!-- Webpages treat container-title like publisher -->
  1128. <choose>
  1129. <if variable="container-title" match="none">
  1130. <group delimiter="; ">
  1131. <names variable="container-author">
  1132. <label form="verb-short" suffix=" " text-case="title"/>
  1133. <name and="symbol" initialize-with=". " delimiter=", "/>
  1134. </names>
  1135. <names variable="editor translator" delimiter="; ">
  1136. <name and="symbol" initialize-with=". " delimiter=", "/>
  1137. <label form="short" prefix=", " text-case="title"/>
  1138. </names>
  1139. </group>
  1140. </if>
  1141. </choose>
  1142. </if>
  1143. <else>
  1144. <group delimiter="; ">
  1145. <names variable="container-author">
  1146. <label form="verb-short" suffix=" " text-case="title"/>
  1147. <name and="symbol" initialize-with=". " delimiter=", "/>
  1148. </names>
  1149. <names variable="editor translator" delimiter="; ">
  1150. <name and="symbol" initialize-with=". " delimiter=", "/>
  1151. <label form="short" prefix=", " text-case="title"/>
  1152. </names>
  1153. </group>
  1154. </else>
  1155. </choose>
  1156. </group>
  1157. </macro>
  1158. <macro name="database-location">
  1159. <choose>
  1160. <if variable="archive-place" match="none">
  1161. <!-- With `archive-place`: physical archives. Without: online archives. -->
  1162. <!-- Add archive_collection as that becomes available -->
  1163. <text variable="archive_location"/>
  1164. </if>
  1165. </choose>
  1166. </macro>
  1167. <macro name="number">
  1168. <choose>
  1169. <if variable="number">
  1170. <group delimiter=", ">
  1171. <group delimiter=" ">
  1172. <text variable="genre" text-case="title"/>
  1173. <choose>
  1174. <if is-numeric="number">
  1175. <!-- Replace with label variable="number" if that becomes available -->
  1176. <text term="issue" form="short" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
  1177. <text variable="number"/>
  1178. </if>
  1179. <else>
  1180. <text variable="number"/>
  1181. </else>
  1182. </choose>
  1183. </group>
  1184. <choose>
  1185. <if type="thesis">
  1186. <choose>
  1187. <!-- Include the university in brackets if thesis is published -->
  1188. <if variable="archive DOI URL" match="any">
  1189. <text variable="publisher"/>
  1190. </if>
  1191. </choose>
  1192. </if>
  1193. </choose>
  1194. </group>
  1195. </if>
  1196. </choose>
  1197. </macro>
  1198. <macro name="locators-booklike">
  1199. <choose>
  1200. <if type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper broadcast interview patent post post-weblog review review-book speech webpage" match="any"/>
  1201. <else-if type="paper-conference">
  1202. <choose>
  1203. <if variable="collection-editor editor editorial-director" match="any">
  1204. <group delimiter=", ">
  1205. <text macro="version"/>
  1206. <text macro="edition"/>
  1207. <text macro="volume-booklike"/>
  1208. </group>
  1209. </if>
  1210. </choose>
  1211. </else-if>
  1212. <else>
  1213. <group delimiter=", ">
  1214. <text macro="version"/>
  1215. <text macro="edition"/>
  1216. <text macro="volume-booklike"/>
  1217. </group>
  1218. </else>
  1219. </choose>
  1220. </macro>
  1221. <macro name="version">
  1222. <choose>
  1223. <if is-numeric="version">
  1224. <group delimiter=" ">
  1225. <!-- replace with label variable="version" if that becomes available -->
  1226. <text term="version" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
  1227. <text variable="version"/>
  1228. </group>
  1229. </if>
  1230. <else>
  1231. <text variable="version"/>
  1232. </else>
  1233. </choose>
  1234. </macro>
  1235. <macro name="edition">
  1236. <choose>
  1237. <if is-numeric="edition">
  1238. <group delimiter=" ">
  1239. <number variable="edition" form="ordinal"/>
  1240. <label variable="edition" form="short"/>
  1241. </group>
  1242. </if>
  1243. <else>
  1244. <text variable="edition"/>
  1245. </else>
  1246. </choose>
  1247. </macro>
  1248. <macro name="volume-booklike">
  1249. <group delimiter=", ">
  1250. <!-- Report series [ex. 52] -->
  1251. <choose>
  1252. <if type="report">
  1253. <group delimiter=" ">
  1254. <text variable="collection-title" text-case="title"/>
  1255. <text variable="collection-number"/>
  1256. </group>
  1257. </if>
  1258. </choose>
  1259. <choose>
  1260. <if variable="volume" match="any">
  1261. <choose>
  1262. <!-- Non-numeric volumes are already printed as part of the book title -->
  1263. <if is-numeric="volume" match="none"/>
  1264. <else>
  1265. <group delimiter=" ">
  1266. <label variable="volume" form="short" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
  1267. <number variable="volume" form="numeric"/>
  1268. </group>
  1269. </else>
  1270. </choose>
  1271. </if>
  1272. <else>
  1273. <group>
  1274. <!-- Replace with label variable="number-of-volumes" if that becomes available -->
  1275. <text term="volume" form="short" text-case="capitalize-first" suffix=" "/>
  1276. <text term="page-range-delimiter" prefix="1"/>
  1277. <number variable="number-of-volumes" form="numeric"/>
  1278. </group>
  1279. </else>
  1280. </choose>
  1281. <group delimiter=" ">
  1282. <label variable="issue" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
  1283. <text variable="issue"/>
  1284. </group>
  1285. <group delimiter=" ">
  1286. <label variable="page" form="short" suffix=" "/>
  1287. <text variable="page"/>
  1288. </group>
  1289. </group>
  1290. </macro>
  1291. <macro name="reviewed-title">
  1292. <choose>
  1293. <if variable="reviewed-title">
  1294. <!-- Not possible to distinguish TV series episode from other reviewed
  1295. works [Ex. 69] -->
  1296. <text variable="reviewed-title" font-style="italic"/>
  1297. </if>
  1298. <else>
  1299. <!-- Assume title is title of reviewed work -->
  1300. <text variable="title" font-style="italic"/>
  1301. </else>
  1302. </choose>
  1303. </macro>
  1304. <macro name="reviewed-title-intext">
  1305. <choose>
  1306. <if variable="reviewed-title">
  1307. <!-- Not possible to distinguish TV series episode from other reviewed works [Ex. 69] -->
  1308. <text variable="reviewed-title" form="short" font-style="italic" text-case="title"/>
  1309. </if>
  1310. <else>
  1311. <!-- Assume title is title of reviewed work -->
  1312. <text variable="title" form="short" font-style="italic" text-case="title"/>
  1313. </else>
  1314. </choose>
  1315. </macro>
  1316. <macro name="format">
  1317. <choose>
  1318. <if variable="genre medium" match="any">
  1319. <group delimiter="; ">
  1320. <choose>
  1321. <if variable="number" match="none">
  1322. <text variable="genre" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
  1323. </if>
  1324. </choose>
  1325. <text variable="medium" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
  1326. </group>
  1327. </if>
  1328. <!-- Generic labels for specific types -->
  1329. <!-- These should be localized when possible -->
  1330. <else-if type="dataset">
  1331. <text value="Data set"/>
  1332. </else-if>
  1333. <else-if type="book" variable="version" match="all">
  1334. <!-- Replace with type="software" and term="software" as that becomes available -->
  1335. <text value="Computer software"/>
  1336. </else-if>
  1337. <else-if type="interview personal_communication" match="any">
  1338. <choose>
  1339. <if variable="archive container-title DOI publisher URL" match="none">
  1340. <text term="letter" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
  1341. </if>
  1342. <else-if type="interview">
  1343. <text term="interview" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
  1344. </else-if>
  1345. </choose>
  1346. </else-if>
  1347. <else-if type="map">
  1348. <text value="Map"/>
  1349. </else-if>
  1350. </choose>
  1351. </macro>
  1352. <macro name="format-intext">
  1353. <choose>
  1354. <if variable="genre" match="any">
  1355. <text variable="genre" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
  1356. </if>
  1357. <else-if variable="medium">
  1358. <text variable="medium" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
  1359. </else-if>
  1360. <!-- Generic labels for specific types -->
  1361. <!-- These should be localized when possible -->
  1362. <else-if type="dataset">
  1363. <text value="Data set"/>
  1364. </else-if>
  1365. <else-if type="book" variable="version" match="all">
  1366. <!-- Replace with type="software" and term="software" as that becomes available -->
  1367. <text value="Computer software"/>
  1368. </else-if>
  1369. <else-if type="interview personal_communication" match="any">
  1370. <choose>
  1371. <if variable="archive container-title DOI publisher URL" match="none">
  1372. <text term="letter" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
  1373. </if>
  1374. <else-if type="interview">
  1375. <text term="interview" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
  1376. </else-if>
  1377. </choose>
  1378. </else-if>
  1379. <else-if type="map">
  1380. <text value="Map"/>
  1381. </else-if>
  1382. </choose>
  1383. </macro>
  1384. <!-- APA 'source' element contains four parts:
  1385. container, event, publisher, access -->
  1386. <macro name="container">
  1387. <choose>
  1388. <if type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper post-weblog review review-book" match="any">
  1389. <!-- Periodical items -->
  1390. <text macro="container-periodical"/>
  1391. </if>
  1392. <else-if type="paper-conference">
  1393. <!-- Determine if paper-conference is a periodical or booklike -->
  1394. <choose>
  1395. <if variable="editor editorial-director collection-editor container-author" match="any">
  1396. <text macro="container-booklike"/>
  1397. </if>
  1398. <else>
  1399. <text macro="container-periodical"/>
  1400. </else>
  1401. </choose>
  1402. </else-if>
  1403. <else-if type="post webpage" match="none">
  1404. <!-- post and webpage treat container-title like publisher -->
  1405. <text macro="container-booklike"/>
  1406. </else-if>
  1407. </choose>
  1408. </macro>
  1409. <macro name="container-periodical">
  1410. <group delimiter=". ">
  1411. <group delimiter=", ">
  1412. <text variable="container-title" font-style="italic" text-case="title"/>
  1413. <choose>
  1414. <if variable="volume">
  1415. <group>
  1416. <text variable="volume" font-style="italic"/>
  1417. <text variable="issue" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
  1418. </group>
  1419. </if>
  1420. <else>
  1421. <text variable="issue" font-style="italic"/>
  1422. </else>
  1423. </choose>
  1424. <choose>
  1425. <if variable="page">
  1426. <text variable="page"/>
  1427. </if>
  1428. <else>
  1429. <!-- Ex. 6: Journal article with article number or eLocator -->
  1430. <!-- This should be localized -->
  1431. <text variable="number" prefix="Article "/>
  1432. </else>
  1433. </choose>
  1434. </group>
  1435. <choose>
  1436. <if variable="issued">
  1437. <choose>
  1438. <if variable="issue page volume" match="none">
  1439. <text variable="status" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
  1440. </if>
  1441. </choose>
  1442. </if>
  1443. </choose>
  1444. </group>
  1445. </macro>
  1446. <macro name="container-booklike">
  1447. <choose>
  1448. <if variable="container-title" match="any">
  1449. <group delimiter=" ">
  1450. <text term="in" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
  1451. <group delimiter=", ">
  1452. <names variable="editor translator" delimiter=", &amp; ">
  1453. <!-- Change to editortranslator and move editor to substitute as that becomes available -->
  1454. <name and="symbol" initialize-with=". " delimiter=", "/>
  1455. <label form="short" text-case="title" prefix=" (" suffix=")"/>
  1456. <substitute>
  1457. <names variable="editorial-director"/>
  1458. <names variable="collection-editor"/>
  1459. <names variable="container-author"/>
  1460. </substitute>
  1461. </names>
  1462. <group delimiter=": " font-style="italic">
  1463. <text variable="container-title"/>
  1464. <!-- Replace with volume-title as that becomes available -->
  1465. <choose>
  1466. <if is-numeric="volume" match="none">
  1467. <group delimiter=" ">
  1468. <label variable="volume" form="short" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
  1469. <text variable="volume"/>
  1470. </group>
  1471. </if>
  1472. </choose>
  1473. </group>
  1474. </group>
  1475. <text macro="parenthetical-container"/>
  1476. <text macro="bracketed-container"/>
  1477. </group>
  1478. </if>
  1479. </choose>
  1480. </macro>
  1481. <macro name="publisher">
  1482. <group delimiter="; ">
  1483. <choose>
  1484. <if type="thesis">
  1485. <choose>
  1486. <if variable="archive DOI URL" match="none">
  1487. <text variable="publisher"/>
  1488. </if>
  1489. </choose>
  1490. </if>
  1491. <else-if type="post webpage" match="any">
  1492. <!-- For websites, treat container title like publisher -->
  1493. <group delimiter="; ">
  1494. <text variable="container-title" text-case="title"/>
  1495. <text variable="publisher"/>
  1496. </group>
  1497. </else-if>
  1498. <else-if type="paper-conference">
  1499. <!-- For paper-conference, don't print publisher if in a journal-like proceedings -->
  1500. <choose>
  1501. <if variable="collection-editor editor editorial-director" match="any">
  1502. <text variable="publisher"/>
  1503. </if>
  1504. </choose>
  1505. </else-if>
  1506. <else-if type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper post-weblog" match="none">
  1507. <text variable="publisher"/>
  1508. </else-if>
  1509. </choose>
  1510. <group delimiter=", ">
  1511. <choose>
  1512. <if variable="archive-place">
  1513. <!-- With `archive-place`: physical archives. Without: online archives. -->
  1514. <!-- For physical archives, print the location before the archive name.
  1515. For electronic archives, these are printed in macro="description". -->
  1516. <!-- Split "archive_location" into "archive_collection" and "archive_location" as that becomes available -->
  1517. <!-- Must test for archive_collection:
  1518. With collection: archive_collection (archive_location), archive, archive-place
  1519. No collection: archive (archive_location), archive-place
  1520. -->
  1521. <text variable="archive_location"/>
  1522. </if>
  1523. </choose>
  1524. <text variable="archive"/>
  1525. <text variable="archive-place"/>
  1526. </group>
  1527. </group>
  1528. </macro>
  1529. <macro name="access">
  1530. <choose>
  1531. <if variable="DOI" match="any">
  1532. <text variable="DOI" prefix="https://doi.org/"/>
  1533. </if>
  1534. <else-if variable="URL">
  1535. <group delimiter=" ">
  1536. <choose>
  1537. <if variable="issued status" match="none">
  1538. <group delimiter=" ">
  1539. <text term="retrieved" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
  1540. <date variable="accessed" form="text" suffix=","/>
  1541. <text term="from"/>
  1542. </group>
  1543. </if>
  1544. </choose>
  1545. <text variable="URL"/>
  1546. </group>
  1547. </else-if>
  1548. </choose>
  1549. </macro>
  1550. <macro name="event">
  1551. <choose>
  1552. <if variable="event">
  1553. <!-- To prevent Zotero from printing event-place due to its double-mapping of all 'place' to
  1554. both publisher-place and event-place. Remove this 'choose' when that is changed. -->
  1555. <choose>
  1556. <if variable="collection-editor editor editorial-director issue page volume" match="none">
  1557. <!-- Don't print event info if published in a proceedings -->
  1558. <group delimiter=", ">
  1559. <text variable="event"/>
  1560. <text variable="event-place"/>
  1561. </group>
  1562. </if>
  1563. </choose>
  1564. </if>
  1565. </choose>
  1566. </macro>
  1567. <!-- After 'source', APA also prints publication history (original publication, reprint info, retraction info) -->
  1568. <macro name="publication-history">
  1569. <choose>
  1570. <if type="patent" match="none">
  1571. <group prefix="(" suffix=")">
  1572. <choose>
  1573. <if variable="references">
  1574. <!-- This provides the option for more elaborate description
  1575. of publication history, such as full "reprinted" references
  1576. (examples 11, 43, 44) or retracted references -->
  1577. <text variable="references"/>
  1578. </if>
  1579. <else>
  1580. <group delimiter=" ">
  1581. <text value="Original work published"/>
  1582. <choose>
  1583. <if is-uncertain-date="original-date">
  1584. <text term="circa" form="short"/>
  1585. </if>
  1586. </choose>
  1587. <date variable="original-date">
  1588. <date-part name="year"/>
  1589. </date>
  1590. </group>
  1591. </else>
  1592. </choose>
  1593. </group>
  1594. </if>
  1595. <else>
  1596. <text variable="references" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
  1597. </else>
  1598. </choose>
  1599. </macro>
  1600. <!-- Legal citations have their own rules -->
  1601. <macro name="legal-cites">
  1602. <choose>
  1603. <if type="legal_case">
  1604. <group delimiter=". ">
  1605. <group delimiter=", ">
  1606. <text variable="title"/>
  1607. <group delimiter=" ">
  1608. <text macro="container-legal"/>
  1609. <text macro="date-legal"/>
  1610. </group>
  1611. <text variable="references"/>
  1612. </group>
  1613. <text macro="access"/>
  1614. </group>
  1615. </if>
  1616. <else-if type="bill">
  1617. <!-- Currently designed to handle bills, resolutions, hearings, rederal reports. -->
  1618. <group delimiter=". ">
  1619. <group delimiter=", ">
  1620. <choose>
  1621. <if variable="number container-title" match="none">
  1622. <!-- If no number or container-title, then assume it is a hearing -->
  1623. <text variable="title" font-style="italic"/>
  1624. </if>
  1625. <else>
  1626. <text variable="title"/>
  1627. </else>
  1628. </choose>
  1629. <group delimiter=" ">
  1630. <text macro="container-legal"/>
  1631. <text macro="date-legal"/>
  1632. <choose>
  1633. <if variable="number container-title" match="none">
  1634. <!-- If no number or container-title, then assume it is a hearing -->
  1635. <names variable="author" prefix="(testimony of " suffix=")">
  1636. <name and="symbol" delimiter=", "/>
  1637. </names>
  1638. </if>
  1639. <else>
  1640. <text variable="status" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
  1641. </else>
  1642. </choose>
  1643. </group>
  1644. <text variable="references"/>
  1645. </group>
  1646. <text macro="access"/>
  1647. </group>
  1648. </else-if>
  1649. <else-if type="legislation">
  1650. <!-- Currently designed to handle statutes, codified regulations, executive orders.
  1651. For uncodified regulations, assume future code section is in status. -->
  1652. <group delimiter=". ">
  1653. <group delimiter=", ">
  1654. <text variable="title"/>
  1655. <group delimiter=" ">
  1656. <text macro="container-legal"/>
  1657. <text macro="date-legal"/>
  1658. <text variable="status" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
  1659. </group>
  1660. <text variable="references"/>
  1661. </group>
  1662. <text macro="access"/>
  1663. </group>
  1664. </else-if>
  1665. <else-if type="treaty">
  1666. <!-- APA generally defers to Bluebook for legal citations, but diverges without
  1667. explanation for treaty items. The Bluebook format that was used in APA 6th
  1668. ed. is used here. -->
  1669. <group delimiter=", ">
  1670. <text variable="title" text-case="title"/>
  1671. <names variable="author">
  1672. <name initialize-with="." form="short" delimiter="-"/>
  1673. </names>
  1674. <text macro="date-legal"/>
  1675. <text macro="container-legal"/>
  1676. <text macro="access"/>
  1677. </group>
  1678. </else-if>
  1679. </choose>
  1680. </macro>
  1681. <macro name="date-legal">
  1682. <choose>
  1683. <if type="legal_case">
  1684. <group prefix="(" suffix=")" delimiter=" ">
  1685. <text variable="authority"/>
  1686. <choose>
  1687. <if variable="container-title" match="any">
  1688. <!-- Print only year for cases published in reporters-->
  1689. <date variable="issued" form="numeric" date-parts="year"/>
  1690. </if>
  1691. <else>
  1692. <date variable="issued" form="text"/>
  1693. </else>
  1694. </choose>
  1695. </group>
  1696. </if>
  1697. <else-if type="bill legislation" match="any">
  1698. <group prefix="(" suffix=")" delimiter=" ">
  1699. <group delimiter=" ">
  1700. <date variable="original-date">
  1701. <date-part name="year"/>
  1702. </date>
  1703. <text term="and" form="symbol"/>
  1704. </group>
  1705. <date variable="issued">
  1706. <date-part name="year"/>
  1707. </date>
  1708. </group>
  1709. </else-if>
  1710. <else-if type="treaty">
  1711. <date variable="issued" form="text"/>
  1712. </else-if>
  1713. </choose>
  1714. </macro>
  1715. <macro name="container-legal">
  1716. <!-- Expect legal item container-titles to be stored in short form -->
  1717. <choose>
  1718. <if type="legal_case">
  1719. <group delimiter=" ">
  1720. <choose>
  1721. <if variable="container-title">
  1722. <group delimiter=" ">
  1723. <text variable="volume"/>
  1724. <text variable="container-title"/>
  1725. <group delimiter=" ">
  1726. <!-- Change to label variable="section" as that becomes available -->
  1727. <text term="section" form="symbol"/>
  1728. <text variable="section"/>
  1729. </group>
  1730. <choose>
  1731. <if variable="page page-first" match="any">
  1732. <text variable="page-first"/>
  1733. </if>
  1734. <else>
  1735. <text value="___"/>
  1736. </else>
  1737. </choose>
  1738. </group>
  1739. </if>
  1740. <else>
  1741. <group delimiter=" ">
  1742. <choose>
  1743. <if is-numeric="number">
  1744. <!-- Replace with label variable="number" if that becomes available -->
  1745. <text term="issue" form="short" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
  1746. </if>
  1747. </choose>
  1748. <text variable="number"/>
  1749. </group>
  1750. </else>
  1751. </choose>
  1752. </group>
  1753. </if>
  1754. <else-if type="bill">
  1755. <group delimiter=", ">
  1756. <group delimiter=" ">
  1757. <text variable="genre"/>
  1758. <group delimiter=" ">
  1759. <choose>
  1760. <if variable="chapter-number container-title" match="none">
  1761. <!-- Replace with label variable="number" as that becomes available -->
  1762. <text term="issue" form="short"/>
  1763. </if>
  1764. </choose>
  1765. <text variable="number"/>
  1766. </group>
  1767. </group>
  1768. <text variable="authority"/>
  1769. <text variable="chapter-number"/>
  1770. <group delimiter=" ">
  1771. <text variable="volume"/>
  1772. <text variable="container-title"/>
  1773. <text variable="page-first"/>
  1774. </group>
  1775. </group>
  1776. </else-if>
  1777. <else-if type="legislation">
  1778. <choose>
  1779. <if variable="number">
  1780. <!--There's a public law number-->
  1781. <group delimiter=", ">
  1782. <text variable="number" prefix="Pub. L. No. "/>
  1783. <group delimiter=" ">
  1784. <text variable="volume"/>
  1785. <text variable="container-title"/>
  1786. <text variable="page-first"/>
  1787. </group>
  1788. </group>
  1789. </if>
  1790. <else>
  1791. <group delimiter=" ">
  1792. <text variable="volume"/>
  1793. <text variable="container-title"/>
  1794. <choose>
  1795. <if variable="section">
  1796. <group delimiter=" ">
  1797. <!-- Change to label variable="section" as that becomes available -->
  1798. <text term="section" form="symbol"/>
  1799. <text variable="section"/>
  1800. </group>
  1801. </if>
  1802. <else>
  1803. <text variable="page-first"/>
  1804. </else>
  1805. </choose>
  1806. </group>
  1807. </else>
  1808. </choose>
  1809. </else-if>
  1810. <else-if type="treaty">
  1811. <group delimiter=" ">
  1812. <number variable="volume"/>
  1813. <text variable="container-title"/>
  1814. <choose>
  1815. <if variable="page page-first" match="any">
  1816. <text variable="page-first"/>
  1817. </if>
  1818. <else>
  1819. <group delimiter=" ">
  1820. <!-- Replace with label variable="number" if that becomes available -->
  1821. <text term="issue" form="short" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
  1822. <text variable="number"/>
  1823. </group>
  1824. </else>
  1825. </choose>
  1826. </group>
  1827. </else-if>
  1828. </choose>
  1829. </macro>
  1830. <macro name="citation-locator">
  1831. <group delimiter=" ">
  1832. <choose>
  1833. <if locator="chapter">
  1834. <label variable="locator" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
  1835. </if>
  1836. <else>
  1837. <label variable="locator" form="short"/>
  1838. </else>
  1839. </choose>
  1840. <text variable="locator"/>
  1841. </group>
  1842. </macro>
  1843. <citation et-al-min="3" et-al-use-first="1" disambiguate-add-year-suffix="true" disambiguate-add-names="true" disambiguate-add-givenname="true" collapse="year" givenname-disambiguation-rule="primary-name-with-initials">
  1844. <sort>
  1845. <key macro="author-bib" names-min="3" names-use-first="1"/>
  1846. <key macro="date-sort-group"/>
  1847. <key macro="date-sort-date" sort="ascending"/>
  1848. <key variable="status"/>
  1849. </sort>
  1850. <layout prefix="(" suffix=")" delimiter="; ">
  1851. <group delimiter=", ">
  1852. <text macro="author-intext"/>
  1853. <text macro="date-intext"/>
  1854. <text macro="citation-locator"/>
  1855. </group>
  1856. </layout>
  1857. </citation>
  1858. <bibliography hanging-indent="false" et-al-min="21" et-al-use-first="19" et-al-use-last="true" entry-spacing="2" line-spacing="1">
  1859. <sort>
  1860. <key macro="author-bib"/>
  1861. <key macro="date-sort-group"/>
  1862. <key macro="date-sort-date" sort="ascending"/>
  1863. <key variable="status"/>
  1864. <key macro="title"/>
  1865. </sort>
  1866. <layout>
  1867. <choose>
  1868. <if type="bill legal_case legislation treaty" match="any">
  1869. <!-- Legal items have different orders and delimiters -->
  1870. <choose>
  1871. <if variable="DOI URL" match="any">
  1872. <text macro="legal-cites"/>
  1873. </if>
  1874. <else>
  1875. <text macro="legal-cites" suffix="."/>
  1876. </else>
  1877. </choose>
  1878. </if>
  1879. <else>
  1880. <group delimiter=" ">
  1881. <group delimiter=". " suffix=".">
  1882. <text macro="author-bib"/>
  1883. <text macro="date-bib"/>
  1884. <text macro="title-and-descriptions"/>
  1885. <text macro="container"/>
  1886. <text macro="event"/>
  1887. <text macro="publisher"/>
  1888. </group>
  1889. <text macro="access"/>
  1890. <text macro="publication-history"/>
  1891. </group>
  1892. </else>
  1893. </choose>
  1894. </layout>
  1895. </bibliography>
  1896. </style>
  1897.  
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