MARXISM/SOCIALISM/COMMUNISM AND JEWS

"To overcome our enemies we must have our own Socialist Militarism. We must win over to our side, 90 millions out of the 100 millions of population of Russia under the Soviets. As for the rest, we have nothing to say to them; they must be annihilated."
-Grigory Zinoviev, Bolshevik revolutionary

"What does it matter if 90 percent of the Russian people perish, provided the surviving 10 percent bring about a World Revolution?"
-Vladmir Lenin

"It is not an accident that Judaism gave birth to Marxism, and it is not an accident that the Jews readily took up Marxism; all this was in perfect accord with the progress of Judaism and the Jews. The Jews should realize that Jehovah no longer dwells in heaven, but he dwells in us right here on earth ; we must no longer look up to Jehovah as above us and outside of us, but we must see him right within us."
-Rabbi Harry Waton

"The clever Russian is almost always a Jew or has Jewish blood in him"
-Vladmir Lenin

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General Reading

Sources on Jews and Communism
https://archive.org/details/SourcesOnJewsAndCommunism_700

Jews and Communism
http://deletionpedia.org/en/Jews_and_Communism

Russia & the Jews
https://media.8ch.net/file_store/5a142b5b27b7f9d4048254a869b4a6ccf012a13776ad1bbad294f4f3319b1676.pdf

Jewish pre-eminence in the leadership of Soviet communism
http://holywar.org/jewishtr/06money.htm#eventual

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Karl Marx and the Rothschild Family

Karl Marx
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Marx

Bakunin on Marx and Rothschild
https://libcom.org/library/bakunin-marx-rothschild

COUSIN KARL ——-THE BLOOD TIES BETWEEN KARL MARX AND THE ROTHSCHILDS
https://wideawakegentile.wordpress.com/2014/02/01/cousin-karl-the-blood-ties-between-karl-marx-and-the-rothschilds/

Levy Barent Cohen
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Levy_Barent_Cohen
"His daughter Hannah became the wife of Nathan Mayer Rothschild; the second daughter, Judith, married Moses Montefiore; the third daughter, Jessie, married Myer Davidson. His brother also was the great-grandfather of Karl Marx."

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American Communism and Jews

In Brief: Jews and American Communism
http://semiticcontroversies.blogspot.com/2010/06/in-brief-jews-and-american-communism.html

American Jews, Communism, the ICOR and Birobidzhan
https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/j.ctt1zxsj1m.6.pdf?refreqid=excelsior%3A62242421d725f56e5006b18e534de43a

Why Do American Jews Idealize Soviet Communism?
https://www.tabletmag.com/jewish-news-and-politics/247253/american-jews-idealize-soviet-communism

Jewish communist spies in America and other countries
http://holywar.org/jewishtr/spieslink.htm

Jews and Communism according to Louis Budenz
http://semiticcontroversies.blogspot.com/2011/12/jews-and-communism-according-to-louis.html

Jewish Communist Espionage in the United States according to Whittaker Chambers
http://semiticcontroversies.blogspot.com/2011/01/jewish-communist-espionage-in-united.html

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German Communism and Jews

Karl Liebknecht, Communist Revolutionary, Jew or Gentile?
https://www.reddit.com/r/EnoughLeftistSpam/comments/6fnbf1/karl_liebknecht_communist_revolutionary_jew_or/

The Jews behind the Bavarian Soviet Republic of 1919
http://semiticcontroversies.blogspot.com/2017/06/the-jews-behind-bavarian-soviet.html

Spartacus League: Prominent Members
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spartacist_uprising
George Grosz (German)
Leo Jogiches (Ashkenazi Jew)
Paul Levi (Ashkenazi Jew)
Karl Liebknecht (Ashkenazi Jew/German)
Rosa Luxemburg (Ashkenazi Jew)
Julian Marchlewski (Pole)
Ernst Meyer (Ashkenazi Jew)
Franz Mehring (German)
Wilhelm Pieck (German)
August Thalheimer (Ashkenazi Jew)
Bertha Thalheimer (Ashkenazi Jew)
Clara Zetkin (Ashkenazi Jew)
8/12 = 67%

"There has been a tendency to circumvent or simply ignore the significant role of Jewish intellectuals in the German Communist Party, and thereby seriously neglect one of the genuine and objective reasons for increased anti-Semitism during and after World War 1.. The prominence of Jews in the revolution and early Weimar Republic is indisputable, and this was a very serious contributing cause for increased anti-Semitism in post-war years.. It is clear then that the stereotype of Jews as socialists and communists.. led many Germans to distrust the Jewish minority as a whole and to brand Jews as enemies of the German nation."
-Sarah Gordon Hitler, Germans and the 'Jewish Question' 1984 pg.23

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Polish Communism and Jews

Jewish communist leaders in Poland
http://holywar.org/jewishtr/commlink.htm

The Generation: The Rise and Fall of the Jewish Communists of Poland
http://mailstar.net/schatz.html

JEWS IN THE POLISH COMMUNIST MOVEMENT (1918–1937)
https://www.docdroid.net/OvS20kU/henryk-cimek-ang.pdf

ACTIVITIES OF JEWISH COMMUNIST ORGANIZATIONS IN POLAND
https://www.cia.gov/library/readingroom/docs/CIA-RDP80-00809A000700160255-0.pdf

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Austro-Hungarian Communism and Jews

"The leaders of the Austromarxism movement were "virtually all" Jewish and included Rudolf Hilferding, Otto Bauer, Max Adler, Gustav Eckstein, and Friedrich Adler. On 12 November 1918, Jews played a "central role" in the failed coup d'état led by Egon Kisch and his Red Guards."
-Sarah Gordon Hitler, Germans and the 'Jewish Question' 1984 pg.23

"and then Fritz Adler will proclaim the Soviet Republic of Austria. What was shameful about the affair was not so much the childishness of this arrangement as the names which were to be found in connection with it: Rothziegel, Frey, Weihrauch, Ganser, Kisch, Waller etc., all of them Jews."
-From the diary of Franz Brandl, a senior police official

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Hungarian Communism and Jews

"The government of Béla Kun was composed almost exclusively of Jews, who held also the administrative offices. The Communists had united first with the Socialists, who were not of the extremely radical party, but resembled somewhat the Labour Parties, or Trade Union groups, in other countries. Béla Kun did not however select his personnel from among them, but turned to the Jews and constituted virtually a Jewish bureaucracy."
-Dodd, Mead and Company, The New International Year Book 1920 pg. 76

The Jews behind the Hungarian Soviet Republic of 1919
http://www.semiticcontroversies.blogspot.com/2016/03/the-jewish-role-in-hungarian-soviet.html

The 133 Days of Bela Kun
http://semiticcontroversies.blogspot.com/2016/12/the-133-days-of-bela-kun.html

In Brief: A Recent Article on Jews and Hungarian Communism
http://semiticcontroversies.blogspot.com/2012/06/in-brief-recent-article-on-jews-and.html

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Lithuanian Communism and Jews

Jews and Communism in Lithuania (1918 to June 1941)
http://www.semiticcontroversies.blogspot.com/2016/02/jews-and-communism-in-lithuania-1918-to.html

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Moldovan Communism and Jews

Jews and Communism in Moldova/Moldavia (1924 - June 1941)
http://www.semiticcontroversies.blogspot.com/2013/09/jews-and-communism-in-moldovamoldavia.html

Jews and Communism in Moldova/Moldavia (June 1941 – May 1991)
https://semiticcontroversies.blogspot.com/2013/10/jews-and-communism-in-moldova-june-1941.html

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Cuban Communism and Jews

Was Fidel Castro Jewish?
http://semiticcontroversies.blogspot.com/2017/02/was-fidel-castro-jewish.html

The Jews behind Fidel Castro and the Cuban Communist Party
http://semiticcontroversies.blogspot.com/2017/02/the-jews-behind-fidel-castro-and-cuban.html

Haydee Tamara Bunke Bider: Jewish Communist Revolutionary (Che Guevara's girlfriend)
http://semiticcontroversies.blogspot.com/2012/03/haydee-tamara-bunke-bider-jewish.html

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South-African Communism/Afrocentrism and Jews

Twelve Prominent Jewish Anti-Apartheid Activists
http://semiticcontroversies.blogspot.com/2010/06/twelve-prominent-jewish-anti-apartheid.html

Martin Bernal and Melville Herskowits: The Jews who created Afrocentrism
https://semiticcontroversies.blogspot.com/2014/05/martin-bernal-and-melville-herskowitz.html

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Jews and Early Soviet History

BOOK REVIEW: A Specter Haunting Europe: The Myth of Judeo-Bolshevism by Paul Hanebrink
https://exposethenose.blogspot.com/2019/06/book-review-spectre-haunting-europe.html

Lenin's Jewish Roots on Display
https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2011/05/31/lenins-jewish-roots-on-display-a7314

The Jewish Role in the Bolshevik Revolution and Russia's Early Soviet Regime
http://www.ihr.org/jhr/v14/v14n1p-4_Weber.html

Father Georgiy Gapon and the Jewish Origins of Russia's Bloody Sunday
http://semiticcontroversies.blogspot.com/2015/03/father-georgiy-gapon-and-jewish-origins.html

THE JEWS AND THE COMMUNIZATION OF RUSSIA
http://www.come-and-hear.com/dilling/chapt12.html

ZIONISM versus BOLSHEVISM - By the Rt. Hon. WINSTON S. CHURCHILL.
https://ia802205.us.archive.org/1/items/KhaosOdenslandArchiveDocstheMisanthropicMisogynist/1920WinstonChurchillArticle-ZionismVsBolshevism-AStruggleForTheSoulOfTheJewishPeople.pdf

80% Of The 1st Soviet Government Members Were Jews - Putin During A Visit To Moscow’s Jewish Museum
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-pDtgWUtdUM

"In 1937, 5.7 percent of the Party were Jews yet they formed a majority in the government. Lenin himself (who was partly Jewish by ancestry) said that if the Commissar was Jewish, the deputy should be Russian: Stalin followed this rule. [***] Many Jewish Bolsheviks used Russian pseudonyms. As early as 1936, Stalin ordered Mekhlis at Pravda to use these pseudonyms: 'No need to excite Hitler!'"
-Simon Sebag Montefiore, Stalin: The Court of the Red Star, Vintage Books, New York, (2003), pp. 305-306.

"That Trotsky, unquestionably the most outstanding man among the Bolsheviks, was a Jew did not seem an insuperable obstacle in a party in which the percentage of Jews, 52 percent, was rather high compared to the percentage of Jews (1.8 per cent) in the total population."
-Stuart Kahan, The Wolf of the Kremlin, p. 81

"Bolshevism is a close tyrannical bureaucracy, with a spy system more elaborate and terrible than the Tsar's, and an aristocracy as insolent and unfeeling, composed of Americanised Jews. No vestige of liberty remains, in thought or speech or action."
-Bertrand Russell

A Lithuanian asked a prominent Bolshevik how the Communist regime in Russia was maintained. His answer: "Our power is based on three things: first, on Jewish brains; secondly, on Lettish and Chinese bayonets; and thirdly, on the crass stupidity of the Russian people."
-Sir Paul Dukes, formerly Chief of the British Secret Service in Russia, "Red Dusk and the Morrow" pg. 303

The following text is from The Jewish Century by Yuri Slezkine:

[Jew’s]overall share of Bolshevik party membership during the civil war was relatively modest (5.2 percent in 1922), but their visibility in city squares was striking. After the February Revolution, all army officers had become suspect as possible “counterrevolutionaries”; the new soldiers’ committees required literate delegates; many of the literate soldiers were Jews. Viktor Shklovsky, the literary scholar, estimated that Jews had made up about 40 percent of all top elected officials in the army. He had been one of them (a commissar); he also remembered having met a talented Jewish cellist who was representing the Don Cossacks.

In April 1917, 10 out of 24 members (41.7 percent) of the governing bureau of the Petrograd Soviet were Jews. 105 At the First All-Russian Congress of Soviets in June 1917, at least 31 percent of Bolshevik delegates (and 37 percent of Unified Social Democrats) were Jews. At the Bolshevik Central Committee meeting of October 23, 1917, which voted to launch an armed insurrection, 5 out of the 12 members present were Jews. Three out of seven Politbureau members charged with leading the October uprising were Jews (Trotsky, Zinoviev, and Grigory Sokolnikov [Girsh Brilliant]).

The All-Russian Central Executive Committee (VtsIK) elected at the Second Congress of Soviets (which ratified the Bolshevik takeover, passed the decrees on land and peace, and formed the Council of People’s Commissars with Lenin as chairman) included 62 Bolsheviks (out of 101 members). Among them were 23 Jews, 20 Russians, 5 Ukrainians, 5 Poles, 4 “Balts,” 3 Georgians, and 2 Armenians. According to Nahum Rafalkes-Nir, who represented Poalei-Zion, all 15 speakers who debated the takeover as their parties’ official representatives were Jews (in fact, probably 14). The first two VtsIK chairmen (heads of the Soviet state) were Kamenev and Sverdlov. Sverdlov was also the Party’s chief administrator (head of the Secretariat).

The first Bolshevik bosses of Moscow and Petrograd were Kamenev and Zinoviev. Zinoviev was also the chairman of the Communist International. The first Bolshevik commandants of the Winter Palace and the Moscow Kremlin were Grigorii Isakovich Chudnovsky and Emelian Yaroslavsky (Minei Izraelevich Gubelman). Yaroslavsky was also the chairman of the League of the Militant Godless. The heads of the Soviet delegation at the Brest-Litovsk negotiations were Adolf Ioffe and Trotsky. Trotsky was the face of the Red Army. 106 When, in March 1919, the Petrograd Soviet, headed by Zinoviev, launched a competition for the best portrait of “a hero of our age,” the suggested list of heroes included Lenin, Lunacharsky, Karl Liebknecht, and four Bolsheviks raised in Jewish families: Trotsky, Uritsky (the head of Petrograd’s secret police, assassinated in August 1918), V. Volodarsky (Moisei Goldstein, Petrograd’s chief censor as the commissar of print, propaganda, and agitation, assassinated in June 1918), and Zinoviev himself. 107 The Jewish share of the Party’s Central Committee in 1919– 21 remained steady at about one-fourth.

In 1918, about 54 percent of all Petrograd Party officials described as “leading” were Jews, as were 45 percent of city and provincial Party officials and 36 percent of the Northern District commissars. Three out of five members of the presidium of the Petrograd trade union council in 1919, and 13 out of 36 members of the Executive Committee of the Petrograd Soviet in 1920 were Jews. In 1923 in Moscow, Jews made up 29 percent of the Party’s “leading cadres” and 45 percent of the provincial social security administration. Their share in the city Party organization (13.5 percent) was three times their share in the general population. Almost half of them were under twenty-five years old (43.8 percent of men and 51.1 percent of women); 25.4 percent of all female Bolsheviks in Moscow were of Jewish background.

According to the historian of Leningrad Jewry Mikhail Beizer (and not accounting for pseudonyms):

“It may have seemed to the general population that the Jewish participation in Party and Soviet organs was even more substantial because Jewish names were constantly popping up in newspapers. Jews spoke relatively more often than others at rallies, conferences, and meetings of all kinds. Here, for example, is the agenda of the Tenth City Conference of the Young Communist League (Komsomol), held in Petrograd on January 5th, 1920: Zinoviev made a speech on the current situation, Slosman read the report of the city Komsomol committee, Kagan spoke on political and organizational matters, Itkina greeted the delegates on behalf of female workers, and Zaks represented the Central Committee of the Komsomol.” 108

The secret police did less quarreling in public squares, but it was one of the most public symbols of Bolshevik power. The proportion of Jews in the Cheka as a whole was not very high (compared to what White propaganda often alleged): 3.7 percent of the Moscow apparatus, 4.3 percent of Cheka commissars, and 8.6 percent of senior (“ responsible”) officials in 1918, and 9.1 percent of all members of provincial Cheka offices (Gubcheka) in 1920.

As in the Party, the majority of Cheka members were Russians, and by far the most overrepresented group were the Latvians, consistently and successfully cultivated by Lenin as the Praetorian Guards of the Revolution (35.6 percent of the Moscow Cheka apparatus, 52.7 percent of all Cheka senior officials, and 54.3 percent of all Cheka commissars, as compared to about 0.09 percent in the country as a whole and about 0.5 percent in Moscow).

But even in the Cheka, Bolsheviks of Jewish origin combined ideological commitment with literacy in ways that set them apart and propelled them upward.

In 1918, 65.5 percent of all Jewish Cheka employees were “responsible officials.” Jews made up 19.1 percent of all central apparatus investigators and 50 percent (6 out of 12) of the investigators employed in the department for combating counterrevolution.

In 1923, at the time of the creation of the OGPU (the Cheka’s successor), Jews made up 15.5 percent of all “leading” officials and 50 percent of the top brass (4 out of 8 members of the Collegium’s Secretariat). “Socially alien” Jews were well represented among the Cheka-OGPU prisoners, too, but Leonard Schapiro is probably justified in generalizing (especially about the territory of the former Pale) that “anyone who had the misfortune to fall into the hands of the Cheka stood a very good chance of finding himself confronted with and possibly shot by a Jewish investigator.” 109

Specifically, and very publicly, Jewish names (and some transparent Jewish pseudonyms) were associated with two of the most dramatic and symbolically significant acts of the Red Terror. Early in the civil war, in June 1918, Lenin ordered the killing of Nicholas II and his family. Among the men entrusted with carrying out the order were Sverdlov (head of the the All-Russian Central Executive Committee in Moscow, formerly an assistant pharmacist), Shaia Goloshchekin (the commissar of the Urals Military District, formerly a dentist), and Yakov Yurovsky (the Chekist who directed the execution and later claimed to have personally shot the tsar, formerly a watchmaker and photographer). It was meant to be a secret operation, but after the Whites reoccupied Ekaterinburg, they ordered an official investigation, the results of which, including the Jewish identities of the main perpetrators, were published in Berlin in 1925 (and eventually confirmed).

At the end of the civil war, in late 1920– early 1921, Béla Kun (the chairman of the Crimean Revolutionary Committee) and R. S. Zemliachka (Rozaliia Zal-kind, the head of the Crimean Party Committee and the daughter of a well-off Kiev merchant) presided over the massacre of thousands of refugees and prisoners of war who had stayed behind after the evacuation of the White Army. For her part in the operation, Zemliachka received the highest Soviet decoration: the Order of the Red Banner. She was the first woman to be thus honored. 110

[…]Between 1924 and 1936, the rate of mixed marriages for Jewish males increased from 1.9 to 12.6 percent (6.6 times) in Belorussia, from 3.7 to 15.3 percent (4.1 times) in Ukraine, and from 17.4 to 42.3 percent (2.4 times) in the Russian Republic. The proportions grew higher for both men and women as one moved up the Bolshevik hierarchy. Trotsky, Zinoviev, and Sverdlov were married to Russian women (Kamenev was married to Trotsky’s sister). The non-Jews Andreev, Bukharin, Dzerzhinsky, Kirov, Kosarev, Lunacharsky, Molotov, Rykov, and Voroshilov, among others, were married to Jewish women.

As Lunacharsky (the commissar of enlightenment) put it, echoing Lenin’s and Gorky’s views but also speaking from personal experience:

” It is with great joy that we view the immense increase in the number of Russo-Jewish marriages. This is the right path. Our Slavic blood still has a lot of peasant malt; it is thick and plentiful, but it flows a little slowly, and our whole biological rhythm is a little too rustic. On the other hand, the blood of our Jewish comrades is very fast flowing. So let us mix our blood and, in this fruitful mixture, find the human type that will include the blood of the Jewish people like delicious, thousand-year-old human wine.”

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Stalin and Jews

Stalin's Jewish affair
https://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3450203,00.html

STALIN’S WILLING EXECUTIONERS: JEWS AS A HOSTILE ELITE IN THE USSR
http://www.kevinmacdonald.net/SlezkineRev.pdf

Jews in the NKVD of Stalin's Soviet Union
http://vho.org/tr/2004/3/Rudolf325-327.html

The Jews of the Gulag Archipelago
http://semiticcontroversies.blogspot.com/2011/12/jews-of-gulag-archipelago.html

Richard Krebs, Soviet Intelligence and the Jews
http://semiticcontroversies.blogspot.com/2011/12/richard-krebs-soviet-intelligence-and.html

Nationalities of NKVD Purge Officials Identified
https://www.theoccidentalobserver.net/2013/09/20/nkvd-excerpt-from-sergei-semanov-the-russian-club/

Jews and the Secret Police
https://jewishcurrents.org/december-20-the-secret-police/

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Myth of Soviet "Anti-Semitism"

What Lenin said about the Jews
https://www.marxists.org/history/international/comintern/sections/britain/pamphlets/xx/jews.htm

Anti-Jewish Pogroms: Lenin
https://www.marxists.org/archive/lenin/works/1919/mar/x10.htm

Anti-Semitism: Stalin
https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/stalin/works/1931/01/12.htm

Stalin’s Opposition to Anti-Semitism
https://stalinsmoustache.org/2015/04/04/stalins-anti-semitism/

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Who Controlled the Soviet Politburo?

JEWS ONLY COMPRISED ABOUT 1.8% OF THE TOTAL RUSSIAN POPULATION

Politburo (elected on 10 October by CC)

Andrei Bubnov (Russian)
Lev Kamenev (Ashkenazi Jew)
Grigori Sokolkikov (Ashkenazi Jew)
Vladmir Lenin (Ashkenazi Jew/White European)
Joesph Stalin (Georgian)
Leon Trotsky (Ashkenazi Jew)
Grigori Zinoviev (Ashkenazi Jew)

5/7 = 71%

8th Politburo 1919-1920

Lev Kamenev (Ashkenazi Jew)
Nikolay Krestinsky (Ashkenazi Jew)
Vladmir Lenin (Ashkenazi Jew/White European)
Joesph Stalin (Georgian)
Leon Trotsky (Ashkenazi Jew)

4/5 = 80%

9th Politburo 1920-1921

Full members remained the same, 80% Jewish representation.

10th Politburo 1921-1922
Grigory Zinoviev (Ashkenazi Jew)
Lev Kamenev (Ashkenazi Jew)
Vladmir Lenin (Ashkenazi Jew/White European)
Joesph Stalin (Georgian)
Leon Trotsky (Ashkenazi Jew)

4/5 = 80%

11th Politburo 1922-1923

Grigory Zinoviev (Ashkenazi Jew)
Lev Kamenev (Ashkenazi Jew)
Vladmir Lenin (Ashkenazi Jew/White European)
Alexei Rykov (Jewish spouse: Marshak)
Joesph Stalin (Georgian)
Mikhail Tomsky [Efremov] (Ashkenazi Jew)
Leon Trotsky (Ashkenazi Jew)

6/7 = 86%

12th Politburo 1923-1924

Full members remained the same, 86% Jewish representation.

13th Politburo 1924-1926 (Lenin dies, Stalin becomes dominant)

Nikolai Bukharin (Jewish spouse: Gurvich)
Grigory Zinoviev (Ashkenazi Jew)
Lev Kamenev (Ashkenazi Jew)
Alexei Rykov (Jewish spouse: Marshak)
Joesph Stalin (Georgian)
Mikhail Tomsky [Efremov] (Ashkenazi Jew)
Leon Trotsky (Ashkenazi Jew)

6/7 = 86%

14th Politburo 1926-1927

Nikolai Bukharin (Jewish spouse: Gurvich)
Kliment Voroshilov (Jewish spouse: Gorbman)
Grigory Zinoviev (Ashkenazi Jew)
Mikhail Kalinin (Jewish spouse: Lorberg)
Vyacheslav Molotov (Jewish spouse: Karpovskaya)
Alexei Rykov (Jewish spouse: Marshak)
Mikhail Tomsky [Efremov] (Ashkenazi Jew)
Joesph Stalin (Georgian)
Leon Trotsky (Ashkenazi Jew)
Janis Rudzutaks (Latvian)

8/10 = 80%

15th Politburo 1927-1929

Nikolai Bukharin (Jewish spouse: Gurvich)
Kliment Voroshilov (Jewish spouse: Gorbman)
Mikhail Kalinin (Jewish spouse: Lorberg)
Valerian Kybyshev (Russian)
Vyacheslav Molotov (Jewish spouse: Karpovskaya)
Alexei Rykov (Jewish spouse: Marshak)
Janis Rudzutaks (Latvian)
Joesph Stalin (Georgian)
Mikhail Tomsky [Efremov] (Ashkenazi Jew)

6/9 = 67%

16th Politburo 1930-1934

Kliment Voroshilov (Jewish spouse: Gorbman)
Lazar Kaganovich (Ashkenazi Jew)
Mikhail Kalinin (Jewish spouse: Lorberg)
Sergey Kirov (Russian)
Stanislav Kosior (Pole)
Valerian Kybyshev (Russian)
Vyacheslav Molotov (Jewish spouse: Karpovskaya)
Janis Rudzutaks (Latvian)
Alexei Rykov (Jewish spouse: Marshak)
Joesph Stalin (Georgian)
Grigory Ordzhonikidze (Georgian)
Andrey Andreyev (Russian)

5/12 = 42%

17th Politburo 1934-1939

Andrey Andreyev (Russian)
Kliment Voroshilov (Jewish spouse: Gorbman)
Lazar Kaganovich (Ashkenazi Jew)
Mikhail Kalinin (Jewish spouse: Lorberg)
Sergey Kirov (Russian)
Stanislav Kosior (Pole)
Valerian Kybyshev (Russian)
Vyacheslav Molotov (Jewish spouse: Karpovskaya)
Grigory Ordzhonikidze (Georgian)
Joesph Stalin (Georgian)
Anastas Mikoyan (Armenian)
Vlas Chubar (Ukrainian)

4/12 = 33%

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Who Controlled the Soviet Central Committee?

JEWS ONLY COMPRISED ABOUT 1.8% OF THE TOTAL RUSSIAN POPULATION

Central Committee 1917

Grigory Fedorov (Russian)
Lev Kamenev (Ashkenazi Jew)
Vladmir Lenin (Ashkenazi Jew/White European)
Vladimir Milyutin (Russian)
Viktor Nogin (Ashkenazi Jew)
Ivar Smilga (Latvian)
Joesph Stalin (Georgian)
Yakov Sverdlov (Ashkenazi Jew)
Grigory Zinoviev (Ashkenazi Jew)

5/9 = 55%

Central Committee 1917-1918

Janis Berzinš-Ziemelis (Latvian)
Andrei Bubnov (Russian)
Nikolai Bukharin (Jewish spouse: Gurvich)
Felix Dzerzhinsky (Jewish spouse: Muszkat)
Lev Kamenev (Ashkenazi Jew)
Alexandra Kollontai (Russian Female)
Nikolay Krestinsky (Ashkenazi Jew)
Vladimir Lenin (Ashkenazi Jew/White European)
Vladimir Milyutin (Russian)
Matvei Muranov (Ukranian)
Viktor Nogin (Ashkenazi Jew)
Alexei Rykov (Jewish spouse: Marshak)
Fyodor Sergeyev (Russian)
Stepan Shahumyan (Armenian)
Ivar Smilga (Latvian)
Grigori Sokolnikov (Ashkenazi Jew)
Joseph Stalin (Georgian)
Yakov Sverdlov (Ashkenazi Jew)
Leon Trotsky (Ashkenazi Jew)
Moisei Uritsky (Ashkenazi Jew)
Grigory Zinoviev (Ashkenazi Jew)

12/21 = 57%

Central Committee 1918-1919

Nikolai Bukharin (Jewish spouse: Gurvich)
Felix Dzerzhinsky (Jewish spouse: Muszkat)
Nikolay Krestinsky (Ashkenazi Jew)
Mikhail Lashevich (Ashkenazi Jew)
Vladimir Lenin (Ashkenazi Jew/White European)
Vasily Schmidt (Ashkenazi Jew)
Fyodor Sergeyev (Russian)
Ivar Smilga (Latvian)
Grigori Sokolnikov (Ashkenazi Jew)
Joseph Stalin (Georgian)
Elena Stasova (Russian Female)
Yakov Sverdlov (Ashkenazi Jew)
Leon Trotsky (Ashkenazi Jew)
Mikhail Vladimirsky (Russian)
Grigory Zinoviev (Ashkenazi Jew)

10/19 = 53%

Central Committee 1919-1920

Alexander Beloborodov (Russian)
Nikolai Bukharin (Jewish spouse: Gurvich)
Felix Dzerzhinsky (Jewish spouse: Muszkat)
Grigory Evdokimov (Russian)
Mikhail Kalinin (Jewish spouse: Lorberg)
Lev Kamenev (Ashkenazi Jew)
Nikolay Krestinsky (Ashkenazi Jew)
Vladmir Lenin (Ashkenazi Jew/White European)
Matvei Muranov (Ukrainian)
Karl Radek (Ashkenazi Jew)
Christian Rakovsky (Bulgarian)
Leonid Serebryakov (Russian)
Ivar Smilga (Latvian)
Joesph Stalin (Georgian)
Elena Stasova (Russian Female)
Peteris Stucka (Latvian)
Mikhail Tomsky [Efremov] (Ashkenazi Jew)
Leon Trotsky (Ashkenazi Jew)
Grigori Zinoviev (Ashkenazi Jew)

10/19 = 53%

Central Committee 1920-1921

Andrey Andreyev (Russian)
Nikolai Bukharin (Jewish spouse: Gurvich)
Felix Dzerzhinsky (Jewish spouse: Muszkat)
Mikhail Kalinin (Jewish spouse: Lorberg)
Lev Kamenev (Ashkenazi Jew)
Nikolay Krestinsky (Ashkenazi Jew)
Vladmir Lenin (Ashkenazi Jew/White European)
Yevgeni Preobrazhensky (Russian)
Karl Radek (Ashkenazi Jew)
Christian Rakovsky (Bulgarian)
Janis Rudzutaks (Latvian)
Alexei Rykov (Jewish spouse: Marshak)
Leonid Serebryakov (Russian)
Fyodor Sergeyev (Russian)
Ivan Smirnov (Russian)
Joseph Stalin (Georgian)
Mikhail Tomsky [Efremov] (Ashkenazi Jew)
Leon Trotsky (Ashkenazi Jew)
Grigory Zinoviev (Ashkenazi Jew)

11/19 = 58%

Central Committee 1921-1922

Nikolai Bukharin (Jewish spouse: Gurvich)
Felix Dzerzhinsky (Jewish spouse: Muszkat)
Mikhail Frunze (Moldovan)
Lev Kamenev (Ashkenazi Jew)
Nikolay Komarov (Ashkenazi Jew)
Ivan Kutuzov (Russian)
Vladimir Lenin (Ashkenazi Jew/White European)
Vasily Mikhailov (Russian)
Vyacheslav Molotov (Jewish spouse: Karpovskaya)
Grigol Ordzhonikidze (Georgian)
Grigory Petrovsky (Ashkenazi Jew)
Karl Radek (Ashkenazi Jew)
Christian Rakovsky (Bulgarian)
Janis Rudzutaks (Latvian)
Alexei Rykov (Jewish spouse: Marshak)
Fyodor Sergeyev (Russian)
Alexander Shliapnikov (Russian)
Joesph Stalin (Georgian)
Mikhail Tomsky [Efremov] (Ashkenazi Jew)
Leon Trotsky (Ashkenazi Jew)
Ivan Tuntul (Latvian)
Kliment Voroshilov (Jewish spouse: Gorbman)
Yemelyan Yaroslavsky (Ashkenazi Jew)
Grigory Zinoviev (Ashkenazi Jew)

14/25 = 56%

Central Committee 1922-1923

Andrey Andreyev (Russian)
Nikolai Bukharin (Jewish spouse: Gurvich)
Vlas Chubar (Ukrainian)
Felix Dzerzhinsky (Jewish spouse: Muszkat)
Mikhail Frunze (Moldovan)
Mikhail Kalinin (Jewish spouse: Lorberg)
Lev Kamenev (Ashkenazi Jew)
Ivan Korotkov (Ashkenazi Jew)
Valerian Kuybyshev (Russian)
Vladimir Lenin (Ashkenazi Jew/White European)
Vyacheslav Molotov (Jewish spouse: Karpovskaya)
Grigol Ordzhonikidze (Georgian)
Grigory Petrovsky (Ashkenazi Jew)
Karl Radek (Ashkenazi Jew)
Christian Rakovsky (Bulgarian)
Janis Rudzutaks (Latvian)
Alexei Rykov (Jewish spouse: Marshak)
Timofei Sapronov (Russian)
Alexander Smirnov (Russian)
Grigori Sokolnikov (Ashkenazi Jew)
Joseph Stalin (Georgian)
Mikhail Tomsky [Efremov] (Ashkenazi Jew)
Leon Trotsky (Ashkenazi Jew)
Kliment Voroshilov (Jewish spouse: Gorbman)
Yemelyan Yaroslavsky (Ashkenazi Jew)
Issak Zelensky (Ashkenazi Jew)
Grigory Zinoviev (Ashkenazi Jew)

15/27 = 55%

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Chinese Communism and Jews

Mao’s Jews
https://jewishjournal.com/news/world/179731/

A Jew in Mao's China
https://forward.com/schmooze/159051/a-jew-in-maos-china/

Jewish Faces in Chinese Government
https://web.archive.org/web/20150513192415/http://jewishfaces.com/china.html

How a Jewish doctor helped form backbone of revolutionary China’s medical system
https://www.timesofisrael.com/how-a-jewish-doctor-helped-form-backbone-of-revolutionary-chinas-medical-system/

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THE FOLLOWING IS FROM THEZOG'S PASTEBIN

Current Jewish Influence in China

Michael Kadoorie
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Kadoorie
Sir Michael David Kadoorie, GBS (born 1941, Hong Kong) is a Jewish business executive and philanthropist. As of March 2011, he is the 6th wealthiest person in Hong Kong, with the wealth of his family estimated to be US $9.5 billion according to Forbes' annual list of billionaires. Kadoorie is the Chairman of CLP Holdings Ltd. which his family founded in 1890 and in which they still hold a 35% stake. The utility company provides electricity to 75% of Hong Kong as sole operator (licensed through a Scheme of Control) in Kowloon and the New Territories, and has equity interests in power plants in China, Southeast Asia, Australia and India. He is also the Chairman of the family's second largest listed group, The Hong Kong and Shanghai Hotels, owners and operators of the world-renowned Peninsula Hotel Group. He controls and is a director of Metrojet Ltd. Heliservices (Hong Kong) Limited and has initiated CLP Research Institute (a subsidiary of CLP Holdings which looks into renewable energy development). He holds a number of directorships in other non-Kadoorie companies. He was a member of the Council of the University of Hong Kong and, in 2000, the Kadoorie Biological Sciences Building opened at the university.

Henry Kissinger
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Kissinger
Henry Alfred Kissinger (born Heinz Alfred Kissinger; May 27, 1923) is a Jewish American diplomat and political scientist. A recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (shared with Le Duc Tho, who refused the prize), he served as National Security Advisor and later concurrently as Secretary of State in the administrations of Presidents Richard Nixon and Gerald Ford. After his term, his opinion was still sought by some subsequent U.S. presidents and other world leaders. A proponent of Realpolitik, Kissinger played a prominent role in United States foreign policy between 1969 and 1977. During this period, he pioneered the policy of détente with the Soviet Union, orchestrated the opening of relations with the People's Republic of China, and negotiated the Paris Peace Accords, ending American involvement in the Vietnam War. Kissinger is still considered an influential public figure. He is the founder and chairman of Kissinger Associates, an international consulting firm.

Wolfgang Kubin
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang_Kubin
Wolfgang Kubin - in Chinese ?? Gu Bin - (born December 17, 1945 in Celle) is a Jewish German poet, essayist, sinologist and translator of literary works. He is the former director of the Institute for Oriental and Asian Studies at the University of Bonn, Germany. Kubin has frequently been a guest professor at universities in China, but also in Madison, Wisconsin and in Jerusalem. Since 1989, Kubin has been the editor of the journals ORIENTIERUNGEN: Zeitschrift zur Kultur Asiens and Minima sinica: Zeitschrift zum chinesischen Geist. Wolfgang Kubin became widely known among the general public as a translator of modern Chinese poetry and prose. His best known work is the translation of short stories and essays by Lu Xun. His History of Chinese Literature in the 20th Century (published in German as Geschichte der chinesischen Literatur im 20. Jahrhundert) is considered as indispensable and a Classic. Despite his publicly voiced criticism of China, Kubin received the Chinese State Prize ("National Award"; guojia jiang ???) in 2007. He also received the Pamir International Poetry Prize (Pa mi er guoji shige jiang ????????) which is taken to be the top literary prize awarded in the Chinese-speaking part of the world.

Robert Lawrence Kuhn
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Lawrence_Kuhn
Robert Lawrence Kuhn (born 1944) is an international corporate strategist, investment banker, and public intellectual. He has a doctorate in brain research and is the author or editor of over 25 books, he is a long-time adviser to China's leaders and the Chinese government; adviser to multinational corporations on China strategies and transactions; and a frequent commentator on business, finance, and China (he is a columnist for China Daily and South China Morning Post and he appears regularly on the BBC, China Central Television and other major media). For over 20 years, he has worked with China’s senior leaders, advising on economic policy, science and technology, media and culture, Sino-American relations, and international communications. Kuhn is the creator, writer, and host of the public television series Closer to Truth, which presents leading scientists and philosophers discussing fundamental issues, particularly cosmos, consciousness, and philosophy of religion.

Stephen Perry
http://www.confuciusinstitute.ac.uk/csw/StephenPerry.html
http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/cndy/2010-12/03/content_11645990.htm
Perry is the chairman of the 48 Group Club, an independent business network committed to promoting positive links with China. Together with his father Jack, he is part of a select group of people who played a major role in breaking the ice over China's trade with Britain and the United States. As early as the 1950s, the elder Perry was one of the first Britons to do business with the mainland after the founding of New China. Stephen Perry has been involved with China since his earliest days.  His father was the leader of the Icebreaker group to China in 1953 which restarted UK-China trade relations a year after starting up the business in which Stephen is today Managing Director, London Export Corporation. This year is the company’s 60th anniversary of trade with China. The company traded commodities with China and distributed consumer goods in the UK.  Stephen opened up US-China trade for the company in 1971/72 and went on to establish subsidiaries there. In the early 90’s he decided to focus on strategic long term deals with China and put together some of the ground breaking deals of that period in China. More recently he has again broken new ground with a deal in Africa with China and a western company. Stephen is chair of the legendary 48 Group who have been working with China since 1953. Their mission is to develop a positive relationship with China. One of his main missions is to ensure that the British better understand China.

Igor Rogachev
http://english.cntv.cn/20101105/102632.shtml
In April 1992, Russian President Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin appointed Igor Rogachev to serve as Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the Russian Federation to the People’s Republic of China, and he subsequently held the post for 13 years. His term of office witnessed a rapid development of the Sino-Russian relationship, eventually to fully normalize when both State heads agreed to bilateral visits and mutual exchange. The year 1996 saw the establishment of the Sino-Russia Strategic Partnership of Coordination. In 2005, before Igor departed his chair and returned home, Li Zhaoxing, then minister of Foreign Affairs, remarked that Igor had, after riding out many twists and turns, excelled at strengthening the strategic partnership. Igor’s contribution to the acceleration of the Sino-Russian diplomatic relationship also met with approval in his homeland. In August 1996, Igor was awarded the Badge of Honor by President Yeltsin for his outstanding diplomatic achievements. In 2002, he was recognized with the Order of Honor by the State.

Otto Schnepp
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otto_Schnepp
Otto Schnepp is an Austrian-American scientist. Born in Vienna into a Jewish family, he lived in Shanghai from 1939 to 1948, where bounced between the Shanghai International Settlement and the French Concession as his father continued to practice medicine. He earned his B.S. in Chemistry at St. John's University in Shanghai (1947), A.B. (1948) and Ph.D. (1951) at University of California, Berkeley. Professor Schnepp researches the area of optical molecular spectroscopy. He also studies science and technology of modern China, U.S.-China technology transfer and physical chemistry. He is currently active in the field of Science Policy, especially as it concerns China. He was a counselor for science and technology at the U.S. Embassy in Beijing from 1980 to 1982, and a former director of the USC East Asian Studies Center, 1994-2000.

Uli Sigg
http://www.artspeakchina.org/mediawiki/Uli_Sigg_%E4%B9%8C%E5%88%A9-%E5%B8%8C%E5%85%8B
Uli Sigg, a Jewish Swiss media executive and former ambassador to China, is widely considered the most influential collector of contemporary Chinese art in the world. He possesses a collection that numbers over 1,200 pieces--ranging from canvases to videos, photographs and installation. In 1998, he created the Chinese Contemporary Art Awards to honor achievement and talent within the Chinese art scene. Born in 1946, Sigg now works in Zurich, Switzerland, and lives nearby in Lucerne. In 1980, Sigg negotiated on behalf of Schindler Company with the Beijing government, creating what would become the first joint venture between China and the West since the creation of the PRC in 1949. He remained Vice-Chairman of that venture for ten years, and went on to serve on the boards of a number of global companies until the mid-1990s. Sigg's first-hand knowledge of Chinese culture led to his appointment as Swiss ambassador to China, North Korea, and Mongolia in 1995, a position he held for four years. Today he is the deputy chairman of Ringier Holding AG, Switzerland's largest media company. He also serves as a member of the Advisory Board of the China Development Bank and other Chinese entities.

Allan Zeman
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allan_Zeman
Allan Zeman GBM, GBS, JP (Chinese name: ???; born 1949) is a Jewish Hong Kong business magnate. He was born in Germany, raised in Canada and is of Jewish descent. He is known in Hong Kong as the Father of Lan Kwai Fong (?????). In 1975, Zeman founded Colby International Group to source clothing in China and export it to Canada. In late 2000, by now a much larger and diversified company, Colby was sold to Li & Fung Ltd., a major competitor. In the early 1980s, Zeman felt that Hong Kong had no western restaurant that suited his needs, so in 1983 he opened California Restaurant in Lan Kwai Fong, a narrow street in Central, Hong Kong. He bought the entire block in 1984 and thus launched his career as both an entertainment operator and property developer. Through Lan Kwai Fong Holdings Ltd, of which he is chairman, he drove the development of Lan Kwai Fong to be one of the most important bar and night life districts in Hong Kong. He is said to own 65 percent of the district's properties. Meanwhile, as chairman of Lan Kwai Fong Concepts Holdings Ltd., he controls a number of restaurants in Lan Kwai Fong including California, California Coffee, China Lan Kwai Fong, Indochine, Tokio Joe, Cafe des Artistes, Tutta Luna, Jazz Club, Thai Lemongrass, BACI, BACI Pizza and Luna Di Notte.

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Historical Jewish Political Influence in China

Solomon Adler
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solomon_Adler
Solomon Adler (August 6, 1909 — August 4, 1994) was an economist who worked in the U. S. Treasury Department, serving as Treasury representative in China during World War II. He was identified by Whittaker Chambers and Elizabeth Bentley as a Soviet intelligence source and resigned from the Treasury Department in 1950. After several years teaching at Cambridge University in England, he returned to China in the 1950s and was a resident there from the 1960s until his death, working as a translator, economic advisor, and possibly with the Central External Liaison Department, a Chinese intelligence agency.

Rewi Alley
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rewi_Alley
Rewi Alley, ??•??, Lùyì Àilí, QSO, (2 December 1897 - 27 December 1987), was a New Zealand-born writer, educator, social reformer, potter, and member of the Communist Party of China. Rewi Alley was a prolific western writer about 20th century China, and especially about the Communist revolution. He dedicated 60 years of his life to the cause of the Communist Party of China, and was a key figure in the establishment of Chinese Industrial Cooperatives, and technical training schools, including the Peili Vocational Institute in Beijing.

Mikhail Borodin
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikhail_Borodin
Mikhail Markovich Borodin (?????´? Máp?o??? ??????´?) (July 9, 1884 – May 29, 1951) was the alias of Mikhail Gruzenberg, a Comintern agent and Soviet arms dealer. As Comintern agent in China between 1923 and 1927, Borodin arranged shipments of Soviet arms to the Kuomintang government in Canton, China. He was a prominent adviser to Dr. Sun Yat Sen at that time. Following his suggestion, the Kuomintang allowed communists to join, and the Whampoa Military Academy was established. After Dr. Sun Yat Sen's death in 1925, he remained an advisor to the Kuomintang government until 1927, when Chiang Kai-Shek purged communists and allowed Borodin to "escape". Borodin returned to the Soviet Union in 1928 and worked briefly as editor of the English language Moscow News.

Otto Braun
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li_De
Otto Braun (28 September 1900, Ismaning, Upper Bavaria – 15 August 1974, Varna) was a German Communist with a long and varied career. His most significant role was as a Comintern agent sent to China in 1934, to advise the Communist Party of China (CPC) on military strategy during the Chinese Civil War. At the time Braun adopted a Chinese name, Li De (Chinese: ??; pinyin: Li Dé, Li the German); it was only many years later that Otto Braun and "Li De" came to be known as the one and the same person.

Frank Coe
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Coe
Virginius Frank Coe (1907–June 2, 1980) was a United States government official who was identified by Soviet defectors Elizabeth Bentley and Whittaker Chambers as being an underground member of the Communist Party and as belonging to the Soviet spy group known as the Silvermaster ring. Blacklisted, deprived of his passport (in late 1949), and prevented from traveling to neighboring countries (June 1953), Coe sought work abroad, eventually finding a sponsor in the People's Republic of China, where he joined a circle of expatriates working with the government. In 1962, he was joined by Solomon Adler in the circle. Coe participated in Mao's Great Leap Forward, a plan for the rapid industrialization and modernization of China. His works include articles justifying the Rectification campaign.

Morris Abraham Cohen
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morris_Cohen_%28adventurer%29
Morris Abraham "Two-Gun" Cohen (1887–1970) was a British and Canadian adventurer of Jewish origin who became aide-de-camp to Sun Yat-sen and a major-general in the Chinese National Revolutionary Army.

Israel Epstein
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israel_Epstein
Israel Epstein (April 20, 1915 in Warsaw, Poland – May 26, 2005 in Beijing, China, Chinese: ????·????; pinyin: Yisiléi'er Àipositan; Russian: ??????? ???????) was a naturalized Chinese journalist and author. He was one of the few foreign-born Chinese citizens of non-Chinese origin to become a member of the Communist Party of China.

Stanislaw Flato
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanis%C5%82aw_Flato
Stanislaw (Moishe) Flato (27 June 1910 – 1972) was a Polish army intelligence officer and diplomat. Born into a Jewish family, he graduated from gymnasium "Ascola" in Warsaw and entered the Warsaw University but finally left for a medical study in Paris. He became a member of French Communist Party in 1932. Dr. Flato was a volunteer in Spanish Civil War, became a member of Spanish Communist Party and served as a Major in XIII International Brigade, where he remained until February 1939. He was interned in France but that year he was released and went to China in August 1939. He became a member of Communist Party of China, and served as a head of International Red Cross doctors at People's Liberation Army.

Richard Frey
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Frey
Richard Frey, Chinese ? ? / Fu Lai, (born 11 February 1920 in Vienna – died 16 November 2004 in Beijing) was a Chinese doctor and politician originally from Austria. He fled due to the Second World War from Austria to China and spent his entire life in his adopted country. Because of his outstanding contributions to national independence, national liberation and to build China's land, he has gained a high reputation in China.

J. B. Gamarnik

Leo Hanin
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leo_Hanin
Leo Hanin (born 20 November 1913, Vilnius) was a Zionist activist. Born into a Jewish family in Vilna (Wilno, Vilnius), then in Russian Empire, he and his family left for Harbin, Manchuria (northern China), in 1916. There Leo joined a Zionist group and studied Jewish history at a Jewish primary school, and then studied at a Russian secondary school. When Japan occupied Manchuria in 1931, he went to Shanghai where attended a British school, and also served in the Jewish Shanghai Volunteer Corps. He was a leader of Shanghai Betar, the Revisionist Zionist youth organization.

Noel Jacobs
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noel_Jacobs
Noel S. Jacobs (1898–1977) was the first and only commander of the Jewish Company of the Shanghai Volunteer Corps. Born in England to a Methodist family, he grew up in Hong Kong. He was a founder-member of the first Boy Scout Troop to be formed in the city. He later served with the Hong Kong Defence Force before moving in the early 1920s to Shanghai, where he was employed by the British-American Tobacco Company. In Shanghai he met a young Russian-Jewish girl, Dora Bogomolsky, whom he married after converting to Judaism.

Adolph Joffe
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adolph_Joffe
Adolph Abramovich Joffe (Russian: ?????? ????????? ?????, alternative transliterations Adolf Ioffe or, rarely, Yoffe) (October 10, 1883, Simferopol – November 16, 1927, Moscow) was a Communist revolutionary, a Bolshevik politician and a Soviet diplomat of Karaim descent. Joffe was one of the Soviet delegates at the Genoa Conference in February 1922 and, after the Soviet walkout, was made ambassador to China, as the Soviet troubleshooter (or Kuznetsov) of those days. In 1923, Joffe signed an agreement with Sun Yat-Sen in Shanghai on aid to Kuomintang on the assumption that the latter would cooperate with Chinese Communists.

Shimon Sholom Kalish
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shimon_Sholom_Kalish
Shimon Sholom Kalish (1882–1954) was the Hasidic Rebbe of Amshinov–Otvotsk. He was the son of Rabbi Menachem Kalish (1860-1918), the 2nd Rebbe of Amshinov (Hasidic dynasty) in Mszczonów (Yiddish: ???????? Amshinov), Poland, and the brother of Rabbi Yosef Kalish, Rebbe of Amshinov (d. 1935). When Rabbi Menachem died in 1918, Rabbi Shimon Sholom, became rebbe in Otwock (Yiddish: ??????? Otvotsk). He was a major driving force behind the exodus of thousands of young men in Mir, Kletsk, Radin, Novhardok, and other yeshivas, via Russia and Japan to Shanghai at the outbreak of World War II. By the time Shanghai came under Japanese control, it held 26,000 Jews (Shanghai Ghetto).

Abraham Kaufman
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abraham_Kaufman
Dr. Abraham Josevich Kaufman (????? ????????? ???????, b. November 22, 1885 – d. March 25, 1971) was a Russian-born medical doctor, community organizer and Zionist who helped protect some tens of thousands of Jews seeking safe-haven in East Asia from Nazi atrocities during World War II.

Paul Komor
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Komor
Paul Komor was a Hungarian businessman and diplomat. He had lived in Shanghai since 1898, and had been involved in relief work as trustee of the Komor Charity Fund and chairman and treasurer of the Hungarian Relief Fund since 1924. Komor held the title of Honorary Consul General for Hungary in Shanghai in 1938-1941. He co-founded the International Committee for the Organization of European Refugees in China (I.C.), which was established in August 1938 and financed primarily by Victor Sassoon. The IC provided housing, jobs and financial assistance for the 18,000 German, Austrian and other refugees who came into Shanghai. The IC also issued international passports to the Jews of Shanghai whose Nazi passports were confiscated or no longer valid. Stateless refugees received identification cards signed by Paul Komor. These documents were accepted by the Shanghai Municipal Council as well as the Japanese authorities, and even by some foreign countries, such as Australia. These passports gave the refugees "legal" status so they could emigrate to the United States, Canada, Australia and elsewhere.

Ursula Kuczynski
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ursula_Kuczynski
Ursula Ruth Kuczynski (15 May 1907, Schöneberg, Prussia, German Empire – 7 July 2000, Berlin, Germany, also known as Ruth Werner, Ursula Beurton and Ursula Hamburger) was a German author and spy for the Soviet Union. A daughter of Robert René Kuczynski, she joined the Communist party at an early age. After her family moved to the United States in 1928, Kuczynski became a spy for the GRU. Code-named "Sonja", she married Rudolf Hamburger, another GRU agent, and moved to China, where she operated a spy ring under the direction of Richard Sorge.

W. N. Levitschev

Yaacov Liberman
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yaacov_Liberman
Yaacov (Yana) Liberman (born 1923) is a Zionist politician and author. Liberman was born in Harbin, China into a wealthy Russian Jewish family, to Semyon Liberman from Sevastopol and Gisia Zuboreva from Nikolayevsk-on-Amur. He was a Zionist leader in Shanghai and wrote two books: My China: Jewish Life in the Orient: 1900–1950 and Tears of Zion: Divided We Stand.

Hans Müller
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans_M%C3%BCller_%28physician%29
Dr. Hans Müller (1915–1994, Chinese: ?? ????; pinyin: Hànsi Milèbóshì) was a Jewish-German physician who immigrated to China and made contributions to improving health care in China over several decades. During the Second Sino Japanese War, Hans Müller moved to Yan'an, which served as the center of the Chinese communists, to work in the emergency room of the International Peace Hospital. He held medical posts in the Eighth Route Army and the People's Liberation Army.

Manya Reiss
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manya_Reiss
Manya Reiss (also known as Maria Aerova, sometimes spelled Ayerova, Chinese: ???; pinyin: Maníyà, 1900–1962) was an American Marxist-Leninist and a founding member of the Communist Party USA (CPUSA). Manya Reiss was of Jewish-Russian origin and immigrated to the United States in 1912. In the United States, she was a garment worker as well as a communist activist. In 1931, she attended the International Lenin School. After this, she worked for the Eastern Secretariat of the Comintern and was later sent on missions to Germany and France. She returned to the United States in the late 1930s to work for the propaganda department of the Communist Party USA and to teach at a party school. By 1940, she had returned to Moscow. In 1957, a few years after the death of Stalin, Reiss went to Beijing, China to work for the Beijing Daily and the Xinhua News Agency.

Sidney Rittenberg
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sidney_Rittenberg
Sidney Rittenberg (August 14, 1921; Chinese: ???; pinyin: Li Dunbái) is an American journalist, interpreter and scholar who lived in China from 1944 to 1979. He worked closely with People's Republic of China (PRC) founder Mao Zedong, military leader Zhu De, statesman Zhou Enlai, and other leaders of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) during the war, and was with these central Communist leaders at Yan'an. He witnessed first-hand much of what occurred at upper levels of the CCP and knew many of its leaders personally. Later, he was imprisoned in solitary confinement, twice, for a total of 16 years. He was the first American citizen to join the CCP. Rittenberg's connections and experience have enabled him to run a successful consultancy business representing some of the world’s biggest brands, such as Intel, Levi Strauss, Microsoft, Hughes Aircraft and Teledesic.

Jakob Rosenfeld
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jakob_Rosenfeld
Jakob Rosenfeld (1903-1952), more commonly known as General Luo, served as the Minister of Health in the 1947 Provisional Communist Military Government of China under Mao Zedong. China has erected a statue in his honour, a hospital in Junan County, Shandong was named after him, and in 2006 a large exhibit was mounted in Beijing's National Museum of China in tribute to him. The museum exhibit in his honor was inaugurated by Chinese President Hu Jintao.

Jakob Rudnik
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jakob_Rudnik
Jakob Rudnik (24 March 1894–13 March 1963) was a Ukrainian-born agent for the Otdel Mezhdunarodny Sviasy (OMS), the Communist International's clandestine International Liaison Department. He rose to notoriety in 1931 under the nom de guerre Hilaire Noulens when he was arrested in Shanghai along with his wife Tatiana Moissenko by the Special Branch of the Shanghai Municipal Police. For almost 60 years, the identity of Noulens was incorrectly thought to be Paul Ruegg. Thus, in the few works that deal with the arrest of Rudnik and his wife on 15 June 1931, this mistake is common. It was only in an article by Dr. Frederick Litten in the China Quarterly in 1994 that Noulens' real identity was exposed.

Eva Sandberg
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eva_Sandberg
Eva Sandberg (November 8, 1911 in Breslau - November 29, 2001 in Beijing) was a Jewish German photographer who took Soviet citizenship. In Moscow she met and married the Chinese communist poet Xiao San. In 1939, after twelve years in Moscow, Xiao was ordered to the revolutionary base at Yan'an; Sandberg was allowed to accompany him.

Ho Feng-Shan
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ho_Feng-Shan
Ho Feng-Shan (traditional Chinese: ???; simplified Chinese: ???; pinyin: Hé Fèngshan, also spelled "He Fengshan"; born September 10, 1901 in Yiyang, Hunan; died September 28, 1997 in San Francisco) was a Chinese diplomat in Vienna who risked his own life and career during World War II to save more than one thousand Jews. Ho's actions were recognized posthumously when he was awarded the title "Righteous among the Nations" by the Israeli organization Yad Vashem in 2000. He is known as "China’s Schindler."

Sidney Shapiro
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sidney_Shapiro
Sidney Shapiro (Chinese: ???; pinyin: Sha Bóli) (born December 23, 1915) is an American-born author and translator who has lived in China since 1947. Born in Brooklyn, New York, he is of Jewish ethnicity. He resides in Beijing, and is a member of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Council. He is one of very few naturalized citizens of the PRC.

Pan Jun Shun
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pan_Jun_Shun
Pan Jun-Shun (Chinese language: ???; 1889 – 1974), was the first Chinese national to be awarded the title Righteous Among the Nations for hiding and sheltering a Ukrainian Jewish girl during the occupation of part of the Soviet Union during World War II.

Manfred Stern
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manfred_Stern
Manfred Stern (aka Emilio Kléber, Lazar Stern, Moishe Stern, Mark Zilbert) (1896–1954) was a member of the GRU, Soviet military intelligence. He served as a spy in the United States, as a military advisor in China, and gained fame under his nom de guerre as General Kléber, leader of the International Brigade during the Spanish Civil War.

Grigori Voitinsky
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grigori_Voitinsky
Grigori Naumovich Voitinsky aka Zarkhin (Russian: ???????? ???????? ??????????; 1893-1956) was a Comintern official during its creation, and was sent to China in 1920 as an advisor to contact the prominent Chinese radicals such as Chen Duxiu, just before the formation of the Communist Party of China. The actual process of forming the infant Party can be mostly attributed to his influence, although his successor advisors had more influence about the official Party line itself, such as allying with the Guomindang.

Ruth Weiss
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruth_Weiss
Ruth F. Weiss, also known as Wèi Lùshi (???) (December 11, 1908 – March 6, 2006), was a Jewish Austrian-Chinese educator, journalist, and lecturer. She was the last surviving European eyewitness of the Chinese Communist Revolution and the beginnings of the People’s Republic of China. Ruth Weiss was one of about one hundred foreign-born residents to receive Chinese citizenship in 1955. In 1983 she was named one of eleven foreign experts by the Communist Party of China that were part of membership of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference. She died in Beijing, aged 97.

Li Yu Ying
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li_Yu_Ying
Dr. Li Yu Ying was a prominent Chinese scholar and president of Soochow University who served during World War II as an activist to promote rescue of Jews from the Nazis. Ying, living in the United States during the 1940s, served as a cochairman of the Emergency Committee to Save the Jewish People of Europe, an offshoot of the Bergson Group, which lobbied the US government and took out advertisements in newspapers urging American intervention to save European Jews. In 1943 and 1944 he was a featured speaker at the Committee's Emergency Conferences to Save the Jewish People of Europe.

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Historical Jewish Commercial Influence in China

Kadoorie Family
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kadoorie_family
The Kadoorie family (Arabic: ??????) are a wealthy family, originally Mizrahi Jews from Baghdad. From the mid-18th century they were established in Bombay India, becoming one of the wealthiest families in Asia, and later to Hong Kong and Shanghai, China.

Sassoon Family
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sassoon_family
The Sassoon family is a famous family of Iraqi Jewish descent and international renown. It was based in Baghdad, Iraq, before moving to Mumbai, India and then spreading to China, England, and other countries. It is said that the family descended from the famous Ibn Shoshans, one of the richest families of medieval Al-Andalus, although the origins are ambiguous (see section below). From the 18th century, the Sassoons were one of the wealthiest families in the world, with a merchant empire spanning the continent of Asia.

David Sassoon & Co.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Sassoon_%26_Co
David Sassoon & Co., Ltd. was a trading house operating in late 19th century and early 20th century China. Established by David Sassoon, a Baghdadi Jewish businessman in Bombay, the firm specialised in trading Indian cotton yarn and opium from Bombay to Canton, China. Later on the business expanded to act as Hong Kong agents for the Apcar Line, a company which operated steamers plying between Calcutta–Hong Kong and Japan–Shanghai. The firm also acquired property in Hong Kong.

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Historical Jewish Commercial Influence in China

Emanuel Raphael Belilios
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emanuel_Raphael_Belilios
Emanuel Raphael Belilios, CMG, JP (14 November 1837 – 11 November 1905) was a Jewish Hong Kong opium dealer and businessman. In the 1870s, Belilios was chairman of the Hongkong and Shanghai Hotels, Limited. He became Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Chairman form 1876 to 1882, appointed to the Legislative Council of Hong Kong in 1881 and as the Council's Senior Unofficial Member from 1892 to 1900.

Edward Isaac Ezra
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Isaac_Ezra
Edward Isaac Ezra (born 3 January 1882 in Shanghai; died 15 December 1921 in Shanghai) was a wealthy Jewish businessman, who was the first Chinese-born member of the Shanghai Municipal Council, and who was at one time "one of the wealthiest foreigners in Shanghai". According to one report, Ezra amassed a vast fortune estimated at from twenty to thirty million dollars primarily through the importation of opium, and successful real estate investment and management in early twentieth century Shanghai. Ezra was the largest stockholder and the managing director of Shanghai Hotels Ltd., and its major financier, and controlled such hotels as the Astor House Hotel in Shanghai.

Silas Aaron Hardoon
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silas_Aaron_Hardoon
Silas Aaron Hardoon (1851 – 1931) was a wealthy Jewish businessman and well-known public figure in the city of Shanghai in the early 20th century. When he died in 1931, his personal fortune was estimated to be worth $650,000,000, which now is around $15,187,480,780.00 . At one point he was the richest person in Asia and one of the richest in the world. After Silas died he gave his earnings to the Hardoon family.

Ellis Kadoorie
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ellis_Kadoorie
Sir Ellis Kadoorie (1865–1922) was a Jewish Hong Kong businessman and philanthropist. He was a member of the wealthy Baghdadian Kadoorie family that had large business interests in the Far East. His brother was Sir Elly Kadoorie, and his nephew was Lawrence Kadoorie. His family were originally Iraqi Jews from Baghdad who later migrated to Bombay (Mumbai), India in the mid-eighteenth century.

Elly Kadoorie
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elly_Kadoorie
Eleazer Silas Kadoorie, known as Sir Elly Kadoorie (1867 - August 2, 1944), was a Jewish philanthropist and member of a wealthy family that had large business interests in the Far East. His brother was Sir Ellis Kadoorie, and his sons are Sir Lawrence Kadoorie and Sir Horace Kadoorie. His family were originally Iraqi Jews from Baghdad who later migrated to Bombay (Mumbai), India in the mid-eighteenth century.

Ellis and Elly Kadoorie arrived in Shanghai from Bombay in 1880 as employees of the Sephardi Jewish firm David Sassoon & Sons. Within a few years they had accumulated large sums of money and had gone into business on their own accounts, with companies in both Shanghai and Hong Kong. Over the next two decades, the Kadoorie brothers made their fortunes, achieving success in banking, rubber plantations, electric power utilities and real estate, and gaining a major share-holding in Hong Kong Hotels Limited.

Horace Kadoorie
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horace_Kadoorie
Sir Horace Kadoorie, CBE (28 September 1902 - 22 April 1995) was a famous Jewish industrialist, hotelier, and philanthropist. His father was Sir Elly Kadoorie, and his uncle, Sir Ellis Kadoorie. His family were originally Iraqi Jews from Baghdad who later migrated to Bombay (Mumbai), India in the mid-18th century. In 1913-14, he spent a year at Clifton College and was a member of Polacks House; a boarding house solely for Jewish boys at Clifton. Kadoorie and his brother Sir Lawrence Kadoorie worked for Victor Sassoon during the 1920s and 1930s, and managed his famous Shanghai hotel. They also worked for there for their father, the famous industrialist Sir Elly Kadoorie.

Lawrence Kadoorie
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lawrence_Kadoorie,_Baron_Kadoorie
Lawrence Kadoorie, Baron Kadoorie, CBE (2 June 1899 in Hong Kong - 25 August 1993 in Hong Kong) was a famous Jewish industrialist, hotelier, and philanthropist. His father was Sir Elly Kadoorie, and his uncle, Sir Ellis Kadoorie. His family were originally Mizrahi Jews from Baghdad who later migrated to Bombay (Mumbai), India in the mid-eighteenth century. He was educated at Clifton College. Kadoorie and his brother Sir Horace Kadoorie worked for Victor Sassoon during the 1920s and 1930s, and managed his famous Shanghai hotel. They also worked for their father the famous industrialist Sir Elly Kadoorie.

Matthew Nathan
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matthew_Nathan
Lieutenant-Colonel Sir Matthew Nathan GCMG, PC (3 January 1862 – 18 April 1939) was a Jewish British soldier and civil servant, who variously served as the Governor of Sierra Leone, Gold Coast, Hong Kong, Natal and Queensland. He was Under-Secretary for Ireland from 1914 to 1916, and was responsible, with the Chief Secretary, Augustine Birrell, for co-ordinating the British response to the Easter Rising in Ireland. In 1903, Nathan was appointed as Governor of Hong Kong, a position he would serve until 1907. During his tenure, Nathan was credited with the establishment of a central urban planning and reconstruction policy, which regulated the growth of Hong Kong and built major thoroughfares in the Kowloon Peninsula. The construction of Kowloon-Canton Railway started under this period.

David Sassoon
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Sassoon
David Sassoon (October 1792 – November 7, 1864) was the Jewish treasurer of Baghdad between 1817 and 1829. He became the leader of the Jewish community in Bombay (now Mumbai) after Baghdadi Jews emigrated there. He was a leading trader of cotton and opium in China.

Elias David Sassoon
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elias_David_Sassoon
Elias David Sassoon (27 March 1820 – 21 March 1880) was a Jewish Iraqi-Indian philanthropist and businessman involved in trade in India and the Far East. He was the second son of David Sassoon by his first wife Hannah Joseph. He first followed father started his business in India. After the occupiation of Hong Kong, he moved to Hong Kong in 1844 as his base to start his business in China. In 1850 he moved to Shanghai. He was father of Jacob Elias Sassoon and Edward Elias Sassoon.

Victor Sassoon
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victor_Sassoon
Sir Ellice Victor Sassoon, 3rd Baronet, GBE (20 December 1881 – 13 August 1961) was a Jewish businessman and hotelier from the Sassoon banking family. He succeeded to the Baronetcy on the death of his father Edward Elias Sassoon in 1924. Married late in life, he had no issue and the Baronetcy became extinct on his death. Sassoon lived in Shanghai as a wealthy bon vivant who worked tirelessly to protect Western interests in the Orient and helped European Jews survive in the Shanghai Ghetto. Sir Victor walked with the aid of two sticks as the result of injuries in World War I in which he served in the Royal Flying Corps. He founded the Cathay Hotel (now the Peace Hotel) but left under increasing Japanese pressure in 1941.

Edward Shellim
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Shellim
Edward Shellim (circa 1869 – 7 December 1928) was a Jewish English businessman in Hong Kong. Born in Sussex, England, he joined the David Sassoon & Co., one of the oldest trading houses in Hong Kong, and was the manager of the Hong Kong branch of the firm. He was also chairman of the Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation in 1908 and 1912 and served as director of the bank for many years, director of the Hong Kong Tramways, the Hong Kong Land Investment & Agency Co., the Hong Kong Land Reclamation Co., the Central Estates, the Hong Kong & Kowloon Wharf & Godown Co. and member of the consulting committee of the China Sugar Refining Co., the Hong Kong Fire Insurance Co. and the Canton Insurance Office.

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Jacob of Ancona
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacob_of_Ancona
Jacob of Ancona (or Jacob d'Ancona) is the name that has been given to the supposed author of a book of travels, purportedly made by a scholarly Jewish merchant who wrote in vernacular Italian, an account of a trading venture he made, in which he reached China in 1271, four years before Marco Polo. The narrative contains political debates about the future of the city in which he engaged with the aid of a translator of mixed Italian and Chinese ancestry.

Samuel Isaac Joseph Schereschewsky
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel_Isaac_Joseph_Schereschewsky
Samuel Isaac Joseph Schereschewsky, (pronounced sker-es-kus'ki) (Chinese: ???); (6 May 1831 – 15 October 1906), known in the Anglican Church as Joseph Schereschewsky, was a Jewish Anglican Bishop of Shanghai, China, from 1877-1884. He founded St. John's University, Shanghai, in 1879.

Zhao Yingcheng
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhao_Yingcheng
Zhao Yingcheng ??? (Hebrew name: Moshe ben Abram; 1619–1657?) was a Jewish mandarin in China during the Ming dynasty. He and his brother Zhao Yingdou, also a mandarin, held important government posts in the 1660s.