Nico Hernandez and Joshua Villanueva

Game: Mancala

Origins: Aksumite areas in Matara (in Eritrea) and Yema (in Ethiopia)

Rules: There are 2 rows of holes, one for each player. A player will choose one hole with seeds/stone from their own row. The player will then pick up all the contents from that hole and drop the stones one by one for each successive hole after the hole that they chose, until they run out of stones. Ultimately, the objective is to capture more stones than the opponent, meaning that you must try to empty out all the holes on the opponent’s row and make sure they have no stones left to pick up.

Meaning: It symbolizes the real life act of sowing seeds on plots of land, like farming.

Is there a chance/randomness in the game: each hole will have random number of seeds depending on which holes are picked per turn
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Game: Patolli

Origins: Mesoamerica

Rules: The objective of patolli is to move six game pieces to the end of a board composed of explicitly-marked squares. 2 players take turns moving their piece, and the number of tiles they move their game pieces depend on the beans that they “shake” and drop to the board. They count how many black/white sides are turned upside after shaking them, and this determines the number of tiles they can progress.

Meaning: the God Macuilxochitl is considered to be participating in the game, and players must place one of their treasures into a space on the board dedicated to this god every time they toss the beans and get a “0”

Is there a chance in the game: the beans show a random number each toss
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Game: Royal Game of Ur

Origins:
Made in: Iraq (Asia,Middle East,Iraq) 2600BC-2400BC

Rules:
Race game. 2-player game.  The aim is to get all 7 pieces around the board to the finish point first. First, a player throws a dice to decide who plays first. One with the highest score goes first and throws the dice again. Players take turns to throw 3 binary lots and move one of their pieces. The pieces only move forward around the track of the gameboard. One move per dice throw. If the other player landed on an occupied square, this player is sent off the board and must start again from the beginning.

Meaning:
The Royal Game of Ur full meanings remain unknown for the game.  It is believed to have been played as a race game, where players competed to be the first player to enter and exit all their pieces from the board.

Chance: the dice creates the randomness of the game. It decides which player goes first and it decides the player movement on the gameboard.
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Game: Olympic Games

Origins: originated in ancient Greece 3000 years ago. But then revived in the late 19th century. Games were held every four years in Olympia, located in western Peloponnese peninsula.

Rules:
The Ancient Games featured running events, a pentathlon (consisting of a jumping event, discus and javelin throws, a foot race, and wrestling), boxing, wrestling, pankration, and equestrian events. Each events have different rules in order to decide which player of each event will win (decides who is the best).

Meaning: It was a time for laying aside political and religious differences, as athletes from all the Greek cities and districts competed.

Chance: so many variables in the game could be different each time, as is the nature of sports