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The difference in transfer speeds between moving files from a USB flash drive to an HDD and moving files between two HDDs within the computer can be attributed to several factors:

Interface Speed: USB flash drives typically use USB 2.0 or USB 3.0 interfaces, which have lower data transfer rates compared to the SATA interface used by internal HDDs. USB 2.0 has a maximum transfer rate of 480 Mbps, while USB 3.0 can reach up to 5 Gbps. In contrast, SATA 3.0 interfaces used by internal HDDs can reach up to 6 Gbps.

Data Transfer Overhead: Transferring data over a USB connection involves more overhead compared to internal data transfers. This includes protocol overhead, error checking, and other communication processes that can slow down the transfer.

File System and Cache Management: Internal HDDs can benefit from optimized file system management and caching mechanisms within the operating system, which can speed up data transfers. USB flash drives may not have the same level of optimization.

Device Performance: Internal HDDs are designed for high-speed data access and transfer within a computer, while USB flash drives are generally designed for portability and convenience rather than maximum performance.

These factors combined result in slower transfer speeds when moving files from a USB flash drive to an internal HDD compared to transferring files between two internal HDDs.

Does this help clarify the difference?