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2015-01-29 Structure: tense review

gmalivuk
Jan 29th, 2015
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  1. Greg Malivuk
  2. [email protected]
  3. http://www.pastebin.com/u/gmalivuk
  4. ---
  5. simple present
  6. simple past
  7. present continuous
  8. past continuous
  9. present perfect
  10. past perfect
  11. present perfect continuous
  12. past perfect continuous
  13. "simple" future
  14. future continuous
  15. future perfect
  16. future perfect continuous
  17.  
  18. past/present/future = 3
  19. continuous/not = 2
  20. perfect/not = 2
  21. ---
  22. continuous (also "progressive") = [be] + verb(ing)
  23. perfect = [have] + past participle ("verb 3")
  24. ---
  25. continuous/progressive = actions that continue or progress for some duration
  26. The progressive emphasizes the duration, and it means other things can happen in the middle of an action:
  27. I was eating lunch when the phone rang.
  28. While I was eating, the phone rang.
  29. When the phone rang, I was eating lunch.
  30. The phone rang while I was eating lunch.
  31.  
  32. Present progressive is a special case, "now" is in the middle of the action.
  33. "I am eating lunch." = eating started in the past and will finish in the future
  34. ---
  35. perfect = actions that happened or started before another time
  36. They had finished eating by the time I got home.
  37. We will have been living together for 5 years when we get married.
  38. I have been reading three books. (I'm in the middle of all three still.)
  39.  
  40. Present perfect is a special case. We use it when the action could continue to the present or into the future:
  41. I have read 3 books this month. (= I may read more before the end of the month.)
  42. - Each of those three books is finished, but reading for the month isn't finished.
  43.  
  44. If the action or the time for the action is finished, we use simple past:
  45. I read three books this month. (= I won't read any more before the end.)
  46.  
  47. I had two cups of coffee this morning.
  48. = I may not be finished with coffee for the day, but I am finished with coffee this morning.
  49.  
  50. Non-present perfect (past, future, gerund phrases, modals, etc.): the action in the perfect tense happened before another time or action in the sentence.
  51. I had had two cups of coffee before I had a chance to eat anything.
  52. ---
  53. Homework: page 14 (present simple/continuous/perfect)
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