#include <iostream>
#include <sstream>
#include <cstdio>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <cstdint>


int main()
{
  const char* minus_one = "0xffffffff";

  std::stringstream ss;
  ss << minus_one;

  std::cout << "input string    : " << ss.str() << "n"; // outputs "0xffffffff"

  // C-style conversion
  int32_t cint;
  cint = strtol(ss.str().c_str(), NULL, 0);
  std::cout << "strtol conv     : " << cint <<  " (" << std::hex << cint << ")n"; // outputs "-1 (ffffffff)"
  std::cout << std::dec;

  // C++-style conversion
  int32_t cppint;
  ss >> std::hex >> cppint;
  std::cout << std::dec << "ssextr conv     : " << cppint <<  " (" << std::hex << cppint << ")n"; // outputs "0 (0)" <- ERROR
  std::cout << std::dec;
  if (ss.fail()) std::cout << "Error converting number.n";

  // C++-style conversion with cast
  uint32_t cppuint;
  int32_t cppint2;
  ss.clear();
  ss.str(minus_one);
  ss >> std::hex >> cppuint;
  cppint2 = (int32_t)cppuint;
  std::cout << std::dec << "ssextr cast conv: " << cppint2 <<  " (" << std::hex << cppint2 << ")n"; // outputs "-1 (0xffffffff)"
  std::cout << std::dec;
  if (ss.fail()) std::cout << "Error converting number.n";

  exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
}