DECLARE @max_id INT = (SELECT MAX(ID) FROM your_table),
    @checpoint INT = 500000,
    @current_id INT = 0,
    @step INT = 0;
WHILE (@current_id < @max_id)
BEGIN
   INSERT INTO #tmp
   SELECT *
   FROM your_table
   WHERE id > @current_id and id < @current_id + @step * @checkpoint;
-- your analysis here
   SET @step += 1;
   SET @current_id = @current_id + @step * @checkpoint
END