2018-06-26 TOEFL: word roots, reading vocab

Greg Malivuk
[email protected]
http://www.pastebin.com/u/gmalivuk - notes from all classes
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Word roots (list 2) - With your partner, try to explain the meaning of each root with one or two words.
cert (certain, ascertain, certificate) = sure
chrom (monochrome, achromatic) = color
chron (chronological, anachronism, synchronize) = time
circum (circumscribe, circumspect, circumnavigate) = around
claim/clam (exclaim, proclamation, clamor) = shout
clar (clarify, declare) = clear
cline (inclination, decline, recline) = lean
co (coworker, coeducational, coauthor) = together
            	col before L: (collaborate, colleague)
            	com before M, P, B: (communicate, composition, combine)
            	con before other consonants: (connect, convention, contemporary)
            	cor before R: (correlate, corroborate)
            	(co before vowels and in new words)
cogni (cognate, incognito) = know/think
contra (contrast, contradict, controversy) = against
corp (corporation, corpse, incorporate) = body
cred (credible, credit, credulous) = believe
crypto (cryptography, cryptic, encrypt) = hidden
de/di (decelerate, dethrone, decrease, divide, diverge) = down/away/apart
dem/demo (demographics, democracy, epidemic) = people
di (dilemma, dihedral) = two
dia (diameter, dialect) = through/across
dict (dictator, dictionary, contradict) = say
domin (dominate, dominion, predominate) = master
don (donate, pardon) = give
duce/duct (introduction, deduct, conduct) = lead/take
dyna (dynamic, dynamite, dynasty) = power/energy
dys (dystopia, dyslexia, dysphoria, dysphemism) = bad (The opposite prefix is “eu”.)
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TOEFL Test: 4 sections, 4 hours, $200, 120 points total, 30 points for each section
1 reading: 60-80 minutes, 3 or 4 passages, 14 questions each
2 listening: 60-90 minutes, 2 or 3 sets of 3 listenings, with 17 questions per set
	(10-minute break)
3 speaking: 20 minutes, 6 tasks, 5.5 minutes of speaking time
4 writing: 60 minutes, 2 tasks, 20+30 minutes of writing time
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Reading Question Types:
- inference
- fact/detail
- negative fact
- vocabulary
- paraphrase
- purpose
- reference
- sentence insertion
- summarize
- organize
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Vocabulary in Context
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DELTA p. 49-54 describes clues you can use to figure out the meaning of words in context
“Because of their similar teeth, [1] and [2] are believed to have evolved from the same ancestral groups as the [3], [4], and other [5].”
- all of these words are animals (because they have teeth)
- they are modern animals (with similar ancestors)
- [1] and [2] are closely related
- [3] and [4] are members of [5], which is a group of animals
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p. 56-58 exercise 1.3.A - Take 10 minutes to choose the correct answer for each question and to identify the context clues that helped you pick.
Then compare with your partner and convince them they’re wrong if you disagree.
1 D
2 A
3 B
4 A
5 A - More people could travel (which is not the same as migrate). They participated in tourism.
6 B
7 A
8 D - It’s about negative aspects of human nature, so it shouldn’t be a positive or neutral thing.
9 C
10 D
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BREAK
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Handout (Cambridge) p. 150-151 - Take 6 minutes to answer the questions about using examples.
25 large fish
26 animals
27 a drought-resistant plant
28 D
29 B
30 A
151-152 - Take 5 minutes to answer these questions using adjective clauses.
31 a compound used in the treatment of burns
32 the succession of sounds
33 the Gaelic word for “descended from”
34 B
35 D
36 A
152-153 - Take 4.5 minutes for questions with referents.
37 insects capable of destroying crops
38 meat-eating animals
39 a marine timekeeping device
40 C
41 D
42 A
153-154 - Take 4 minutes for questions with contrasts.
43 not deadly (not harmful)
44 prospers
45 with high resistance to motion
46 C
47 C
48 B
154 - Take 3 minutes for questions with key words.
49 a flower
50 a pipe (with holes or keys)
51 reduced/solved
52 A
53 B
54 C
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exercise R2 p. 155-156 - Take 5 minutes to answer these questions.
1 B
2 D
3 A
4 D
5 C
6 A
Take 4 minutes to do 7-12.
7 B (“notorious” is famous for something bad)
8 C
9 A
10 D
11 D (“exploit” has negative connotations)
12 B
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Homework: finish the handout (13-18) and do DELTA p. 62-65 exercises 1.3.C and 1.3.D.