2020-05-09 Saturday: 6 Wellbeing

Greg Malivuk
[email protected]
http://www.pastebin.com/u/gmalivuk - Notes from all classes.
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Homework: Write a postcard from a real or imagined vacation. Use the grammar from this unit and practice some of the first five informal features (NOT listing or leaving out words).
	Also: read p. 75 (Unit 6 pdf p. 7) and do parts 3, 4, and 5 on p. 74 (pdf p. 6)
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part 3
1 chocolate
2 drug
3 energy
4 foods and drinks
5 rhythm / sleep cycle
part 4
makes you more alert
relieves pain
reduces asthma symptoms
increases reaction speed
is habit-forming
raises blood pressure
increases the risk of heart disease
part 5
1 People work by the clock, not the sun.
2 caffeine, artificial light (gas before electric)
3 The body doesn’t function well.
4 vicious cycle (or “downward spiral”, as in the book): people drink caffeine because they can’t stay awake because they don’t sleep well because they drink caffeine
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A “paradox” is something that is or seems contradictory.
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Contrast Language:
However, / On the other hand, (usually at the beginning of a sentence)
despite / in spite of (prepositions, can be at the beginning or in the middle)
but (conjunction, in the middle of a sentence)

Consequence Language:
One result...is
thus
consequently
therefore
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Remember that this type of functional language can have the same meaning but might fit differently in a sentence, so you can’t always just exchange one expression for another.
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Tell your partner about one of the best meals and one of the worst meals you can remember eating.
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p. 70 (pdf p. 2) - “Pizza with a pedigree”
pedigree = family tree (for many generations) or (long) history, which usually implies high quality
connoisseur = someone who knows a lot about something (so they probably have rifined tastes and know how to find the very best of that thing)
criteria = a principle or standard we can use to judge or decide something
http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A32010R0097 - full official EU documentation of “Pizza Napoletana”
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Which basic ingredient of Pizza Napoletana (tomatoes, cheese, flour, olive oil) couldn’t have been on the pizza from 997 CE? Why?
- Tomatoes come originally from Mexico. Europeans didn’t get any products from the Americas until after Columbus “discovered” it in 1492.
Do you know other common foods from the Americas?
- tomatoes
- corn (maize)
- potatoes
- chocolate
- avocados
- chili peppers
- vanilla
- turkey
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Grammar: modals for advice and obligation
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modal verbs: can, could, (shall), should, may, might, will, would, must, had better, ought to
	(Modals don’t change form and must be the first verb in the verb phrase. You can’t have two.)
similar expressions: have to, be going to, be allowed to, be able to
	(These change with he/she/it and they don’t need to be first, so you can combine them.)
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WRONG: You must can pronounce this correctly.
OKAY: You must be able to pronounce this correctly. / You have to be able to pronounce this correctly.
WRONG: You will must do your homework.
OKAY: You will have to do your homework. / You’re going to have to do your homework.
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obligation (you have no choice):
	You must pay this bill. I must go to the bank tomorrow. You have to do your homework.
no obligation (you have a choice):
	You don’t have to pay me back. (If you want you can, but otherwise consider it a gift.)

recommendation/advice (this is the best choice, but you have other options too):
	You should practice English at home. You’d better call him soon. She ought to do her homework.
negative recommendation (this is not the best choice):
	You shouldn’t speak Italian in class. You shouldn’t take a bus because it’s very slow.

permission (you have a choice):
	You can pay me back if you want to (but you don’t have to). You may leave when you’re finished.
	You’re allowed to park here for free on Sunday.
no permission/prohibition (you don’t have a choice):
	You must not park there. You can’t park there. You’re not allowed to park there. You may not leave.
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p. 71 (pdf p. 3) part 5 - With your partner, decide which option (between the two modals or similar expressions) makes sence. Then write a sentence with the same meaning as the food label.
1 Vegetarians can eat this product.
2 People with nut allergies shouldn’t eat this product.
3 You shouldn’t exceed the recommended daily intake of salt.
4 This sample product is not allowed to be sold. / You are not allowed to buy/sell this sample product.
5 You have to heat this food thoroughly before serving.
	(thoroughly = completely and carefully)
6 Diabetics shouldn’t eat this. / This food shouldn’t be eaten by diabetics.
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With your partner, discuss whether each of these are things you must do, should do but don’t have to, may or may not do, or shouldn’t do:
keep eggs in the fridge
wash rice before you cook it
eat fish on the day you buy it
cook meat until it isn’t pink
keep butter in the fridge
keep mayonnaise in the fridge
rinse pasta after cooking it
Also, share any other things that your host family does differently with food than you think they should.
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Read about “Imaginary eating”
http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2010/12/101209-chocolate-obesity-science-mind-diet-weight-loss-eat-food/ - National Geographic article about this research
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part 3 - Listen to the conversation and decide if each statement is true or false
part 4 - Listen again and choose the correct completions of each sentence.
1 I’ll believe it when I see it.
2 If you don’t train your mind, you won’t be able to lose weight.
3 I won’t find out unless I try.
4 When I want to eat a snack, I’ll try just imagining it.
5 I’ll never have to buy chocolate again if this technique works.
6 As soon as it starts working, I’ll let you know.
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Grammar: first conditional = future real conditional
	future - it’s about something happening in the future
	real - this thing really can happen (we’re not just imagining possibilities)

form = if + [present], [future] / [future] + if + [present]
Note: all present and future forms are possible, but simple present and “will” are the most common
	If it is raining tomorrow, I’m staying in bed. - present continuous can be about present or future
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We use the same form for other conjunctions like “unless”, “when”, “until”, “as soon as”, “before”, “after”
	(Clauses about time or conditions use present forms with future meaning.)

If you study, you will pass the test.
Unless you study, you will fail the test. (unless = if + not)

I’ll call you when I come to work. = I’ll definitely come to work, and then I’ll call you.
I’ll call you if I come to work. = I may or may not come to work. I’ll call you if I do.

I won’t call you until I need help. = I’ll definitely need help, and then I’ll call you.
I won’t call you unless I need help. = I may or may not need help. I’ll call you if I do.

I’ll call you after I come back from vacation. = It could be a few days later.
I’ll call you when I come back from vacation. = It will be soon after, for example the next workday.
I’ll call you as soon as I come back from vacation. = I’ll call immediately, even if it’s late or the weekend.
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p. 73 (pdf p. 5) part 9 - Make sure you understand these words and expressions (especially the phrasal verbs)
cut down on = reduce (do or use or eat less than before)
cut out = remove completely (from “in” something, such as your diet)
(cut off = remove completely (from “on” something))
give up = quit (could be a good or bad thing)
take up = start doing or practicing something
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If you graduate today: you’ll receive your certificate by email. You can take the exit test any time.
You can email Kim with questions.
If you have finished 12 weeks (2 sessions) in level 4 (you’ve seen all 12 units of this book), you will take your level test today at 1:45pm. (Stay in the Zoom class for that)
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Are you trying to make any of these changes right now?
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part 7 - Complete these sentences with the correct forms of the verbs.
1 believe, will be
2 will need, want
3 don’t buy, won’t be able
4 find, will you let (this is a question)
5 go, will check
6 will give up, do
- “If you give up junk food, I will too.”
7 don’t try, will never know
8 will you do, doesn’t work
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Homework: 5-6 test