2018-05-23 Grammar: gerunds intro

Greg Malivuk
greg.malivuk@gmail.com
http://www.pastebin.com/u/gmalivuk - notes from all classes
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Homework: finish p. 97 exercise 9
6 My mom forbids me to marry Eduardo.
7 He invited us to join his party. / We were invited to join his party.
8 The teacher teaches me to speak English.
9 We are not allowed to leave the class. / The teacher doesn’t allow us to leave the class.
10 He ordered me to send an email.
11 I urge everybody to vote.
12 My parents trust me to spend money on the right things.
13 My mom told me to eat sugar-free food.
14 The professor encouraged us to ask more questions in the class.
15 He was forced to leave. / Security forced him to leave.
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p. 98 exercise 10 - Ask your partner questions to find examples of these things.
1 My partner likes to cook meals, but he likes someone else to clean up.
2 He expects to do a presentation but he expects me to take notes.
3 He asked to leave class early and he asked his friend to take notes for him.
  She asked to take the PM class. She asked the teacher to say yes.
4 He needs to clean his bedroom, but he needs someone else to help him.
5 She has arranged to take an English class and she has arranged for a friend to visit her.
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I asked the professor if I could leave early.
I asked the teacher if I could take the PM class.
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Gerunds
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Like infinitives, gerunds can be affirmative or negative, active or passive, simple or perfect. (They are usually not continuous because “being” + -ing sounds strange.)

I enjoy sleeping late on Sundays. = I enjoy not getting up early on Sundays.
	(= I’m happy that I don’t do it.)
This is different from “I don’t enjoy getting up early on Sundays.”
	(= I’m unhappy that I do it.)

I don’t enjoy being lied to.

He was happy about having gotten a good grade on his exam.
	(It would be more common to say, “He was happy about getting a good grade.”)
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p. 110 exercise 3 - Ask your partner about these things.
My partner likes giving food to other people.
= My partner likes giving other people food.
My partner likes other people giving her food. = My partner likes being given food.
Attending a college typically requires doing homework.
Attending a college typically requires having taken the TOEFL.
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Homework: p. 112 exercise 5 - Underline the verbs that follow pattern 1 (verb + gerund).