Test Revision

Fundamentals

integer		4 Bytes
			int 	%d
			int x = 50;

float		4 Bytes
			float 	%f

character	1 Byte
			char 	%c
				char grade = '9';
				char grade = 'A' 9 =/= '9'


string
			char[]	%s

		=> char name[256] = "Keeley";



		a = 14;
		b = 10;
		////CASE 0
		j = ++a + ++b ; // j = 15 + 11 = 26
		printf("%d",a); // a = 15
		/////CASE 1
		j = a++ + ++b ; // j = 14 + 11 = 25
		printf("%d",a); // a = 15
		////



Variables
	dont start with number
	cannot use reserved words
	no spaces
	no special characters except $ and _

	int voLatile;



	Operators

	x++;
	++x;

	x = x + 1
	x += 1

	x *= 3
	x /= 3
	x -= 3


	--x;
	x--;



	Arrays
		double x[2][2] = {1.,2.,3.,4.} ;

		type double
		no of elements 4
		name x
		dimensions 2

	Constant

	#define PI 3.14

	const float pi = 3.14;

I/O
	input:
		int a;
	char name[] = "Name"; // Works but unadvisable

		scanf("%s",name);

		scanf("%d",&a);

		scanf("%d",&a);



	output:
		printf("%d",a);


Design
	Pseudo Code


		output "Please input x"
		input x


		x <- x + 1

		output "x is " <- x







	Flow Charts

		4 shapes:


		diamond : test conditions
				"x > 3"

		square :  statements
			x = pi*r^2 ;




		parallelogram :  I / O
			print "X is " <- x

			scan x



		oval: 	start / end






Control
	if - else

	1. nested
	if(cond_1)
	{
		if(cond_2)
		{

		}
	}

	2. single branching
	if (cond_1)
	{

	}

	3. dual branching
	if(cond_1)
	{

	}
	else
	{

	}

	4. chaining or cascading
	if(cond_1)
	{

	}
	else if (cond_2)
	{

	}
	else if (cond_3)
	{

	}
	else if (cond_n)
	{

	}
	else
	{
		printf("error");
	}






	switch
		int, char ONLY


	int x;
	switch(x)
	{
		case 10: case 9:
			printf("A");
			break;

		case 5: case 6: case 7: case 8:
			printf("B");
			break;

		default:
			printf("Error");


	}

	#include <stdio.h>
	int main(void)
	{
	int ph;
	printf("enter ph");
	scanf("%d",&ph);

	switch(ph)
	{
		case 8 ... 12:
			printf("Alkaline");
			break;
		case 7:
			printf("neutral");
			break;
		case 2: case 3: case 4: case 5: case 6:
			printf("Acid");
			break;
		default
			printf("error");
	}
	return 0;
	}


Repetition

		for
			int ii;


				(start; stop; step)
				(initial; condition; increment)

			for(ii = 0; ii< 10; ii++)
			{

			}

		do while 	1 to many

		do
		{

		}while(x>5);


		while 		0 to many


		while(x>5)
		{

		}