2017-01-28 Saturday: 10 No limits

Greg Malivuk
[email protected]
http://www.pastebin.com/u/gmalivuk
“2017-01-28 Saturday: 10 No limits”
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Homework: Write an eBay advertisement like the one on p. 113, for the product you tried to sell in class today. Make sure to include the information in part 1.
	Also: read p. 123 and do p. 122 parts 2, 5, 6
part 2
1 Diane van Deren
2 Yukon Arctic Ultra
3 February, 2009
4 400 miles
5 more than 11 days
6 frozen fruit and nut bars
1 John Dau
2 Sudan and Ethiopia
3 1987-2001
4 1000 miles
5 14 years total
6 grass and mud
part 5
Diane van Deren
1 She realized (after brain surgery) that she could run without getting tired.
2 choice
3 she was the first woman to finish the race
4 to show that it’s possible and inspire others to do the same
John Dau
1 He was running away from soldiers sent to destroy his village.
2 necessity
3 He survived and had the opportunity to study in the US.
4 He took care of other children.
part 6
1 Diane
2 Diane
3 John
4 both
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flee / fled / fled - run away to escape danger
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marathon = 42km
ultramarathon > 42km (could be 50km or multiple days of several hundred km)
p. 117 - Marathon des Sables - 250km over 6 days (the same as one marathon every day for 6 days)
Why do people do these things?
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In groups, discuss the questions in part 3 (for number 3, also try to think of other ways people try to overcome or get rid of their limitations).
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Other extreme sports: skydiving, skiing, snowboarding, paragliding, racing, deep-sea diving, free diving (“free” in these activities means without safety equipment), tightrope walking
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TWfph3iNC-k - BASE jumping video
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2fAvbqQWRWo - Longer video with the same man (Jeb Corliss), with some explanation of why he does these things.
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p. 118 - What does “bionic” mean? What two words do you think combine to make “bionic”?
bio(logical) + (electr)onic = bionic
	(This type of word combination is called a portmanteau.)
What are some reasons people might use bionic devices?
- missing a limb (leg or arm) -> bionic leg or arm (more specific than prosthetic, which may not be electronic)
- heart problems (a pacemaker is bionic)
- hearing problems (hearing aids and cochlear implants)
- speech problems
- diabetes (insulin pump)
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p. 118 part 2 - Listen to the program and match the beginning and ending of each sentence.
1 The Bionic Woman was a TV series in which the character was part machine and part human.
2 The documentary is about a woman whose arm was amputated.
3 Doctors have developed a process which grows new organs.
4 Amanda Kitts is learning to do things that we take for granted.
5 Bionics can help people who have lost limbs.
6 There’ll be a time when blind people will use bionic devices to see.
take for granted = accept as normal and don’t think about
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Grammar: defining relative clauses
clause = a group of words with a subject and verb
relative clause = clause with a word like “who” or “which” that refers to another noun in the sentence
	(These are sometimes also called adjective clauses, because they modify nouns.)
defining relative clause = relative clause that defines or identifies which nouns we’re talking about
	(defining = identifying = restrictive, non-defining = non-identifying = non-restrictive)

I like all of my students, who do their homework every week.
= All of my students do their homework every week, and I like all of them. (non-defining)
	(If we remove the relative clause, it doesn’t change the meaning of the main clause.)

I like all of my students who do their homework every week.
= Some of my students do their homework every week, and I like those students. (defining)
	(If we remove the relative clause, it does change the meaning of the main clause.)
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relative pronouns:
who - for a person or multiple people (He’s the man who visited yesterday.)
(whom - for a person or people, if it’s the object of a verb or preposition) (He’s the man whom I visited.)
which - for things
that - for people or things (“that” can be removed if it’s not the subject of the relative clause)
	(He’s the man that I visited. -> He’s the man I visited., because the subject is “I”)
whose - for any possessive (including things)
	(It’s a type of tree whose leaves look like hands.)
where - for a place (“where” includes the prepositions “in”, “at”, “on”, and usually “to”)
when - for a time
(why - for a reason: “This is the reason why I did it.”, usually we leave it out: “This is the reason I did it.”)
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p. 117 part 7 - Complete each sentence with the correct relative pronoun.
1 who / that
2 who / that
3 which / that
4 when
5 where
6 whose (It’s about the limbs’ movement, so it’s possessive.)
	(Or: bionic limbs the movement of which mimics the body’s natural steps)
Different options for location:
the bone where the limb is attached (no “to” because “where” includes this preposition)
the bone to which the limb is attached
the bone which the limb is attached to (this is an uncommon word order)
the bone that the limb is attached to
the bone the limb is attached to - “that” can be removed if it isn’t the subject
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Vocabulary: medical terms
p. 119 part 10 - Use this grammar (defining relative clauses) to define these words
example: “A surgeon is a person who…” / “An injection is a procedure where…”
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BREAK
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Take 5 minutes to finish your definitions for part 10
A surgeon is a person who is able to repair the human body.
An injection is an act where you use needle to put medicine into the body.
Botox is a medical product which is taken to treat a health or cosmetic problem.
An operating room is an area of a hospital or medical centers where surgeons work.
A blood test is a procedure where a nurse takes blood from you so they can run tests.
An accident is a sudden event that is not plan and very often causes damage.
An emergency is a situation where something dangerous or serious happens.
A scan is a medical test that uses electronic machines to take a picture of your body.
An ambulance is a vehicle that takes sick or injured people to the hospital.
Stitches are pieces of thread which doctors use to close an injury.
A donor is a person who provides blood or an organ to help other people.
Crutches are instruments that people can use to help them walk.
Surgery is a procedure where the doctor can fix or remove something in your body.
A technician is an assistant who helps the doctor (especially with equipment and tests).
A ward is an area of a hospital where the hospital puts a specific type of patient (e.g. maternity ward, oncology ward, geriatric ward), especially when the patient has to stay there overnight or longer.
An X-ray is a technique which is used to see the bones.
A paramedic is a person who gives first aid in an emergency (and often works in an ambulance).
First aid is a procedure that we use before a doctor can help.
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Grammar: second conditional = present/future unreal conditional
If you had the opportunity, would you want to go to Mars?
Would you want to live there? Why or why not?

if + [simple past], subject + would/could/might + base form
If I had a lot of money, I would buy a house. = I want a house, and I would definitely get it if I had the money.
I could buy a house. = I would be able to buy it, because I would have enough money. (You don’t know anything about what I want to do.)
I might buy a house. = Maybe I would buy it. I haven’t decided yet.

You would do better on tests if you studied more.
= You don’t do well on tests because you don’t study enough.

If I were you, I wouldn’t tell him. = I think you shouldn’t tell him.
(Formally, we don’t use “was” after “if” in second conditional sentences: If I were, If it were, If he were, If she were)
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p. 121 part 10 - Complete the questions with the correct verb forms, then look for the answers on p. 120.
1 had, would be
2 would it take
3 Would it be (*not* “could”)
4 would happen, melted
5 would the temperature change, increased
6 would/could/might we learn
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If you had to start a new life somewhere else, where would you live and what five things from your current life would you bring with you in a backpack.
Tell your partners in groups of three or four. Use second conditional sentences.
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Vocabulary building: -ful and -less
[noun]-ful = with a lot of [noun] or full of [noun]
[noun]-less = without [noun]
careful / careless
helpful / helpless
hopeful / hopeless
painful / painless
harmful / harmless

beautiful / -
grateful / -
peaceful / -
prideful / -

- / homeless (Because the usual amount of homes is 1, we don’t say “homeful”.)
- / wireless
- / speechless (can’t think of anything to say)
- / wordless (communicate something without words)
- / penniless
- / weightless

Sometimes there’s no -ful word because we use a -y word instead:
cloudy / cloudless
sunny / sunless
sugary / sugarless (or sugar-free)
airy / airless
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(“necklace” and “neckless” sound the same, but the difference is important to spell correctly)
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Don’t confuse this with -ness
[adjective]-ness = the condition or situation of being [adjective]
happiness, brightness, homelessness, carelessness, hopelessness, helplessness
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Pronunciation
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‘th’
We often don’t pronounce the ‘th’ before a final ‘s’
One month, two months (sounds like “muntss”)
I ate five-sixths of the pizza. (sounds like “sikss”, with a longer /s/ at the end)
three-fifths sounds like “fifss”
(We also might leave out the /t/ sound at the end of superlatives, before another consonant sound:
“He’s the tallest man I know.” - sounds like “talless”)
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‘aw’ sound
For some people, this isn’t different from ‘a’ or the short ‘o’ sound
This is called the caught-cot merger.
For people who pronounce them differently, “caught” is a little more round than “cot”.
This is the sound in “draw”.

The spelling is often ‘aw’ or ‘au’ or ‘ou’, but there isn’t usually a /w/ or /u/ sound in English.
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p. 124 - Vocabulary for injuries.
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Homework: 9-10 test