covid-19 research list (dump)

RESEARCH LIST

[COVID-19 paranoia in a patient suffering from schizophrenic psychosis – a case report](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7162758/)

[Elective surgery cancellations due to the COVID‐19 pandemic: global predictive modelling to inform surgical recovery plans](https://bjssjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/bjs.11746) | Published 12 May 2020

["Presymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 Infections and Transmission in a Skilled Nursing Facility"](https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa2008457) | Published 24 April 2020

["Suppression of COVID-19 outbreak in the municipality of Vo', Italy"](https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.17.20053157v1.full.pdf)

["SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell immunity in cases of COVID-19 and SARS, and uninfected controls"](https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-020-2550-z) - Published: 15 July 2020
    * Here, we first studied T cell responses to structural (nucleocapsid protein, NP) and non-structural (NSP-7 and NSP13 of ORF1) regions of SARS-CoV-2 in COVID-19 convalescents (n=36). In all of them we demonstrated the presence of CD4 and CD8 T cells recognizing multiple regions of the NP protein. We then showed that SARS-recovered patients (n=23) still possess long-lasting memory T cells reactive to SARS-NP 17 years after the 2003 outbreak, which displayed robust cross-reactivity to SARS-CoV-2 NP.

    * Surprisingly, we also frequently detected SARS-CoV-2 specific T cells in individuals with no history of SARS, COVID-19 or contact with SARS/COVID-19 patients (n=37)

["Follow-up Chest CT findings from discharged patients with severe COVID-19: an 83-day observational study"](https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-27359/v1) - First Submitted May 4, Published online May 12
    * Radiological abnormalities in patients of severe COVID-19 could be completely absorbed with no residual lung injury in more than two months’ follow-up.


From 5 case studies, ["Large-Vessel Stroke as a Presenting Feature of Covid-19 in the Young"](https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMc2009787) - Published April 28, 2020
    * "Social distancing, isolation, and reluctance to present to the hospital may contribute to poor outcomes. Two patients in our series delayed calling an ambulance because they were concerned about going to a hospital during the pandemic."

    * (for those concerned about stroke in the young, note the occurrence is rare in those without comorbidities. And "young" here means "not old" [youngest was 33, oldest was 49, 3/5 had serious risk factors])


["Social isolation, loneliness, and all-cause mortality in older men and women"](https://www.pnas.org/content/pnas/110/15/5797.full.pdf)
    * mortality was higher among more socially isolated and more lonely participants. However, after adjusting statistically for demographic factors and baseline health, social isolation remained significantly associated with mortality (hazard ratio 1.26, 95% confidence interval, 1.08–1.48 for the top quintile of isolation), but loneliness did not (haz-ard ratio 0.92, 95% confidence interval, 0.78–1.09). The association of social isolation with mortality was unchanged when loneliness was included in the model.

---
TODO

[Rapid Decay of Anti–SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies in Persons with Mild Covid-19](https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMc2025179?query=featured_coronavirus) - Published July 21, 2020

["Inhaled nitric oxide treatment in spontaneously breathing COVID-19 patients"](https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/1753466620933510) - Published June 16 2020

["Sunlight and Vitamin D: Necessary for Public Health"](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4536937/)
    * When the skin is stimulated with UVA radiation, nitric oxide is released, stimulating vasodilation and lowering of blood pressure. During active exposure to UVA, diastolic blood pressure in one study fell by roughly 5 mmHg and remained lower for 30 minutes after exposure [27]. A reduction of diastolic blood pressure by 5 mmHg decreases risk for stroke by 34% and coronary heart disease by 21% [28].


["Neutralizing and binding antibody kinetics of COVID-19 patients during hospital and convalescent phases"](https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.18.20156810v1.full.pdf) - Published July 18 2020
    * Based on these half-life data, we estimate that the median times for IgM, IgA and IgG to become seronegative are 4.59 (IQR 4.12-5.03), 7.78 (IQR 6.71-9.16) and 42.72 (IQR 33.75-47.96) months post disease onset.

    * This study suggests that SARS-CoV-2 infection induces robust neutralizing and binding antibody responses in patients and that humoral immunity against SARS-CoV-2 acquired by infection may persist for a relatively long time.

["SARS-CoV-2 infection induces robust, neutralizing antibody responses that are stable for at least three months"](https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.14.20151126v1.full.pdf) - July 17, 2020
    * Here we report that the vast majority of infected individuals with mild-to-moderate COVID-19 experience robust IgG antibody responses against the viral spike protein, based on a dataset of 19,860 individuals screened at Mount Sinai Health System in New York City.

    * We also show that titers are stable for at least a period approximating three months, and that anti-spike binding titers significantly correlate with neutralization of authentic SARS-CoV-2. Our data suggests that more than 90% of seroconverters make detectible neutralizing antibody responses and that these titers are stable for at least the near-term future.

    * From https://twitter.com/florian_krammer/status/1285631255837503490: "Carlos' lab screened >50,000 people using an anti-spike ELISA that my lab designed."

    * From https://twitter.com/florian_krammer/status/1285633493297500160: "Now, what are these antibodies doing? They bind to the spike and spike antibodies can potentially neutralize the virus. So, we tested a range of titers for neutralization of real SARS-CoV-2 in a microneutralization assay. First, ELISA titers and neutralization correlate well."

["Influenza‐like illness as a trigger for ischemic stroke"](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/article/PMC5899905/) (Published online 2018 Mar 14)


[The Cholinergic Anti-inflammatory Pathway: A Missing Link in Neuroimmunomodulation](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1430829/) ties into the vagus nerve so there's potential to connect wim hof breathing, hrv breathing, and the acetylcholine system in understanding how to avoid cytokine storm

[Post-sepsis Syndrome - An Evolving Entity That Afflicts Survivors of Sepsis](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6938630/) | Published online 2019 Dec 31

    ^ after sepsis the survivors have enduring reductions in health. This doesn't occur to all sepsis recovered, but rather in about 17% of hospitalized cases


https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1046/j.1440-1843.2003.00522.x (SARS-1 pathology)
    *  Preliminary evidence suggests that these lung function abnormalities will improve over time

[COVID-19 Transmission and Children: The Child Is Not to Blame](https://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/early/2020/07/08/peds.2020-004879) - July 2020

    On the basis of these data, SARS-CoV-2 transmission in schools may be less important in community transmission than initially feared. This would be another manner by which SARS-CoV-2 differs drastically from influenza, for which school-based transmission is well recognized as a significant driver of epidemic disease and forms the basis for most evidence regarding school closures as public health strategy

[A cluster randomised trial of cloth masks compared with medical masks in healthcare workers](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4420971/) - 2015 Apr 22
    * The rates of all infection outcomes were highest in the cloth mask arm, with the rate of ILI statistically significantly higher in the cloth mask arm (relative risk (RR)=13.00, 95% CI 1.69 to 100.07) compared with the medical mask arm. Cloth masks also had significantly higher rates of ILI compared with the control arm. An analysis by mask use showed ILI (RR=6.64, 95% CI 1.45 to 28.65) and laboratory-confirmed virus (RR=1.72, 95% CI 1.01 to 2.94) were significantly higher in the cloth masks group compared with the medical masks group. Penetration of cloth masks by particles was almost 97% and medical masks 44%.
    * This study is the first RCT of cloth masks, and the results caution against the use of cloth masks.
    * The control arm was ‘standard practice’, which comprised mask use in a high proportion of participants. As such (without a no-mask control), the finding of a much higher rate of infection in the cloth mask arm could be interpreted as harm caused by cloth masks, efficacy of medical masks, or most likely a combination of both.

[The impact of host resistance on cumulative mortality and the threshold of herd immunity for SARS-CoV-2](https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.15.20154294v1.full.pdf) - Posted July 16, 2020
    *  Here, we demonstrate that HIT may be greatly reduced if a fraction of the population is unable to transmit the virus due to innate resistance or cross-protection from exposure to seasonal coronaviruses. The drop in HIT is proportional to the fraction of the population resistant only when that fraction is effectively segregated from the general population; however, when mixing is random, the drop in HIT is more precipitous.
    * Moreover, tthe public health impact of subsequent peaks will depend on the degree to which previous exposure reduces severity   of disease, and not just whether infection-blocking immunity is lost.
    * Given the mounting evidence that exposure to  seasonal coronaviruses offers protection against clinical symptoms​(​9​)​, it would be reasonable to assume thatexposure to SARS-CoV-2 itself would confer a significant degree of clinical immunity. Thus, a second peak may resultin far fewer deaths, particularly among those with comorbidities in the younger age classes.


[The Neurobiology of Social Distance](https://www.cell.com/trends/cognitive-sciences/fulltext/S1364-6613(20)30140-6) - Published June 02, 2020


ACTUALLY TODO

---

["Public health lessons learned from biases in coronavirus mortality overestimation"](https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/disaster-medicine-and-public-health-preparedness/article/public-health-lessons-learned-from-biases-in-coronavirus-mortality-overestimation/7ACD87D8FD2237285EB667BB28DCC6E9)
    - Informational texts from the World Health Organization and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention are compared with coronavirus mortality calculations in Congressional testimony. Results of this critical appraisal reveal information bias and selection bias in coronavirus mortality overestimation, most likely caused by misclassifying an influenza infection fatality rate as a case fatality rate.
    - Public health lessons include...reassessing the ethics of fear-based public health campaign...and providing full public disclosure of adverse effects from severe mitigation measures to contain viral transmission

["SARS-CoV-2 ORF9b Antagonizes Type I and III Interferons by Targeting Multiple Components of RIG-I/MDA-5-MAVS, TLR3-TRIF, and cGAS-STING Signaling Pathways"](https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.16.252973v1)

["Emergence of genomic diversity and recurrent mutations in SARS-CoV-2"](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1567134820301829)
    - classic paper by francois balloux that does phylogenetic analysis, predicts sars-2 came into being in late 2019


ACTUALLY ACTUALLY TODO

---

[Serology-informed estimates of SARS-COV-2 infection fatality risk in Geneva, Switzerland](https://osf.io/wdbpe/)

https://www.aier.org/article/lockdowns-and-mask-mandates-do-not-lead-to-reduced-covid-transmission-rates-or-deaths-new-study-suggests/

https://twitter.com/BallouxFrancois/status/1284513419454971905

https://www.sott.net/article/438827-A-classic-fallacious-argument-If-masks-dont-work-then-why-do-surgeons-wear-them - why masks don't work (from a surgeon, good points, all stuff we've said b4)