2015-02-04 Structure: adjective clauses

Greg Malivuk
[email protected]
http://www.pastebin.com/u/gmalivuk
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Homework: p. 31
part A
1 got
2 have done
3 have been
4 have visited
5 was
6 went
7 wanted
8 have never known
part B
1 met
2 attended
3 had invited
4 was
5 had known
6 proposed
part C
1 D - use to be
2 B - used to have / had
3 A - was going to
4 D - didn't
5 C - would
6 D - planning
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p. 196-197 reading

mincing words: being polite and saying things indirectly
compassionate: sensitive to and caring about other people's feelings, joyful when they're happy, sad when they're unhappy
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p. 202 exercise 1A
2 N - no "that" after a comma (in a non-identifying adjective clause)
3 N - "whom" is only for objects, but here "who" is the subject of "make"
4 Y - it's okay to remove "when" in identifying clauses
5 Y - "who" and "whom" (and "which") can become "that" in identifying clauses
6 N - (like #2); "which" means the whole previous sentence
7 N - can't use "which" for people
8 N - (like #2)

ADJECTIVE CLAUSES
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adjective: modifies or describes a noun
clause: a group of words with a subject and verb
(phrase: a group of words that is not a clause)
adjective clause: a clause that modifies or describes a noun
(adjective phrase: a phrase that modifies or describes a noun)

identifying clause: gives necessary information about the noun, and without this information we wouldn't know which noun(s) the sentence is about
My cousin who lives in Virginia is 38 years old.
- "who lives in Virginia" identifies which cousin I'm talking about (I have many)

non-identifying clause: gives extra information about the noun, without this information we still know which noun(s) the sentence is about
My parents, who live in Michigan, are retired now.
- "who live in Michigan" does NOT identify which parents, because I'm talking about both of them (and you know I only have two)

If the modified noun has "the", we *must* include the identifying clause:
"Are you the kind of person who resembles a daisy?"
- This sentence doesn't make sense without the adjective clause.

My father, Dave, lives in Michigan. ("Dave" is extra, non-identifying information)

My cousin Karl is 38 years old. ("Karl" is necessary, identifying information)
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She's the kind of person whom others consider shy.
She's the kind of person who others consider shy.
She's the kind of person that others consider shy.
She's the kind of person others consider shy.
(If the relative pronoun in an identifying clause, who/whom/which/that, is *not* the subject of the adjective clause, it can be removed.)
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p. 203 exercise 2
2 which ("which" means the whole previous sentence)
3 which
4 who
5 who
6 whom (always use "whom" after a preposition)
7 who
8 whose
9 x (could be "whom", "who", "that", or nothing)
10 who

he	him	his	his
she	her	her	hers
I 	me	my	mine
who	whom	whose	whose
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p. 204 exercise 3
The second sentence should become an adjective clause inside the first sentence.
2 The company, which is named Excelsior Computer, has existed for 15 years.
  (non-identifying because I already know which company from number 1)
3 The building where we do most of our work is located downtown.
4 The office that I work in has been remodeled.
5 Darren Corgatelli, whose wife is my aunt, is my boss.
6 Darren, whom I've known since I was a child, is an excellent boss.
7 Sarah Corgatelli, who is Darren's wife, keeps the company running smoothly.
8 I joined the company in 1995, when I graduated from college.
9 I really admire my colleagues whose advice has been invaluable.
(Homework: explain the difference in meaning if I have a comma or no comma in this sentence)
10 Part of my job is telemarketing, which I like the least.
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Homework: p. 206 exercise 5