#include <atomic>
#include <cassert>
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

template <class T>
class MutableRef;
template <class T>
class ImmutableRef;

template <class T>
class OwnerPointer {
 private:
  T *rep_ = nullptr;
  atomic<int> ref_;

 public:
  OwnerPointer(T *rep = nullptr) : rep_(rep), ref_(0) {}
  ~OwnerPointer() { delete rep_; }

  OwnerPointer(const OwnerPointer<T> &other) = delete;
  OwnerPointer(OwnerPointer<T> &&other) { swap(rep_, other.rep_); }

  operator T *() { return rep_; }
  OwnerPointer &operator=(const OwnerPointer<T> &other) = delete;
  OwnerPointer &operator=(OwnerPointer<T> &&other) {
    swap(rep_, other.rep_);
    return *this;
  }

  MutableRef<T> RefMutable();
  ImmutableRef<T> RefImmutable();

 private:
  friend class MutableRef<T>;
  void UnrefMutable() { ++ref_; }
  friend class ImmutableRef<T>;
  void UnrefImmutable() { --ref_; }
};

template <class T>
class ImmutableRef {
 private:
  OwnerPointer<T> *rep_;

 private:
  friend class OwnerPointer<T>;
  ImmutableRef(OwnerPointer<T> *rep) : rep_(rep) {}

 public:
  ~ImmutableRef() { rep_->UnrefImmutable(); }

  operator const T *() { return rep_->rep_; }
};

template <class T>
class MutableRef {
 private:
  OwnerPointer<T> *rep_;

 private:
  friend class OwnerPointer<T>;
  MutableRef(OwnerPointer<T> *rep) : rep_(rep) {}

 public:
  ~MutableRef() { rep_->UnrefMutable(); }

  operator T *() { return rep_->rep_; }
};

template <class T>
ImmutableRef<T> OwnerPointer<T>::RefImmutable() {
  assert(ref_ >= 0);
  ++ref_;
  return ImmutableRef<T>(this);
}

template <class T>
MutableRef<T> OwnerPointer<T>::RefMutable() {
  assert(ref_ == 0);
  --ref_;
  return MutableRef<T>(this);
}

template <class T, class... Args>
OwnerPointer<T> make_owner(Args &&... args) {
  return OwnerPointer<T>(new T(std::forward<Args>(args)...));
}

int main() {
  auto owner1 = make_owner<int>(20);
  printf("Owner1: %d\n", *owner1);

  auto owner2 = std::move(owner1);
  printf("Owner2: %d\n", *owner2);

  OwnerPointer<int> owner3;
  owner3 = std::move(owner2);
  printf("Owner3: %d\n", *owner3);

  {
    auto immutable1 = owner3.RefImmutable();
    printf("Immutable1: %d\n", *immutable1);
    // *immutable1 = 30;  // Err

    auto immutable2 = owner3.RefImmutable();
    printf("Immutable2: %d\n", *immutable2);
  }

  {
    auto mutable1 = owner3.RefMutable();
    printf("Mutable1: %d\n", *mutable1);
    *mutable1 = 30;  // Err
    printf("Mutable1: %d\n", *mutable1);

    // auto immutable1 = owner3.RefImmutable();  // Err
  }
}