2014-08-18 Evening: passive voice

Greg Malivuk
[email protected]
http://www.pastebin.com/u/gmalivuk
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98-100 - passive voice grammar

     subject      |   verb  |    object		(grammar)
Leonardo da Vinci | painted |  the Mona Lisa.	(active)
     agent        | action  |    patient	(meaning)

   subject    |   verb      |prep|     object
The Mona Lisa | was painted | by | Leonardo da Vinci.(passive)
   patient    |  action     |    |     agent

passive = [be] + past participle

1 sport should be granted equal prestige
Schools/Society/(whoever currently thinks sports are less important than art)/We should grant sport equal educational prestige with the likes...

2 ...experience...to be accorded the same academic respect...
Is it time, he asks, for us to accord the educational-athletic experience on our playing fields the same academic respect as the arts?
...for us to accord the same academic respect as the arts to the educational-athletic experience on our playing fields?

for us to accord the experience the same respect
for us to accord the same respect to the experience

3 ...sports is only considered a distant cousin to the arts.
It mightily irritates Walters that we only consider sports a distant cousin to the arts.

4 ...it (sport) is founded on trying to win.
...people/society/we found sports on trying to win. (strange)
(The verb "found" is rarely used in simple present active.)

5 They are expected to be above that.
We (as a whole society) expect them to be above that.

6 athletic performance could not be preserved
...until recently we could not preserve athletic performance.

7 that which could be saved and savored.
What we accepted as great art is that which we could save and savor.

8 a double play can be viewed as pretty as any pas de deux
We can view a double play as pretty as any pas de deux.

9 students are shoe-horned...and kept
  essence...should not be affected
But (just) because universities shoe-horn so many ersatz students into colleges and then keep them eligible academically through various deceits, it should not affect the intrinsic essence of the athlete playing his game.
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If you had told me you were moving,	(You didn't tell me.)
I would/could/might have helped you.	(I didn't help.)
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I should have been told. (But I wasn't.)
You should have told me. (But you didn't.)

modal  + base form
[have] + past participle    = perfect
 [be]  + present participle = progressive/continuous
 [be]  + past participle    = passive
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The spider died. (no object = intransitive verb)
(no passive voice is possible with intransitive verbs)

Sorina killed the spider. (object = transitive verb)
The spider was killed (by Sorina).

That house is owned by the Smiths.
The thief is wanted by police.
Robin Williams was loved by many.
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Verbs that are (almost) always in the passive:

My mother bore me in Michigan. (strange)
I was born in Michigan. (normal)
Women bear children at older ages than they used to.
Children are born to older mothers than in the past.

The priest married them in 1976. (a little strange)
They were married in 1976. (more normal)
They got married in 1976. (most common)
Now they are married. (participial adjective)
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Verbs with two objects:

My dad gave the book to me. = My dad gave me the book.

The book was given   to me  by my dad.
   I     was given the book by my dad.

The people elected Clinton president twice.
Clinton was elected president twice (by the people).

The judge fined me $200.
I was fined $200 (by the judge).
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Handout p. 61 exercise 8
1 Erin was seen outside the theater as she was waiting...
(if the agent is "someone" or "people", we usually leave it out)
2 Karen feels sad because she wasn't promoted and she has...
3 The ball is thrown to Evans. ...he is stopped by Jennings.
  Evans is thrown the ball.
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It is unbelievable. = It is not believable.
It can't be believed.

She's unteachable.	The dog is untrainable.
She can't be taught.	The dog can't be trained.

The passive voice is very teachable.
The passive voice can (easily) be taught.

It can be eaten. = It is edible.
It can be read.  = It is readable. / It is legible.
It can be seen.  = It is visible.
inedible/illegible/irresponsible/impossible
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Homework: Handout exercise 9 and 10 (p. 61) and 12 (p. 62)