2014-10-09 Structure: direct/indirect speech

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http://www.pastebin.com/u/gmalivuk
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Homework: p. 172
A
1 what the punchline of the joke was
2 why he always tells that joke
3 what time the meeting starts
4 what hyperbole means
5 whether Samira liked the party
6 what Mary does for a living
7 how long she's been a writer
8 whether or not
B
1 what Mary meant
2 whether or not Bob / if Bob
3 Whatever you want
4 (The fact) that Alison loves Kahlil
5 what we should give Russell
6 the fact that Ben helped us
7 (that) she was
However you want to study is fine with me.

We're pleased by how Ben helped us. = We're pleased with the way he helped us.
We're pleased by why Ben helped us. = We're pleased with the reason.
		 where		    = 			     location.
		 when		    = 			     time.

Please tell me what  movie you want to watch. (out of all movies)
Please tell me which movie you want to watch. (out of a smaller list of movies)

I	me 	my	mine
you	you	your	yours
we	us	our	ours
they	them	their	theirs
he	him	his	his
she 	her	her	hers
it	it	its	its
who	whom	whose	whose

C
1 D
2 B
3 A
4 C
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who
whom
whose
what
which
 - all of these represent nouns, the noun clause is not a complete sentence without these words

why
where
when
how
 - these represent additional information about a sentence that is already complete

if
whether
 - these represent only the information that a sentence is true or false

that
 - there is no missing information, the sentence is complete and we know everything
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http://waitbutwhy.com/2014/04/everything-dont-know-tipping.html
(information about how much people tip different types of workers in NYC)
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Direct Speech = Quoted Speech: when I use the exact words someone said
Indirect Speech = Reported Speech: when I only tell you the information they said

She said, "I won't come to school tomorrow."
"I won't come to school tomorrow," she said.
She said (that) she wouldn't come to school the next day. (declarative)

"Can you help me?" she asked.
She asked if I could help her. (interrogative - y/n)

"Please," she said, "close the door."
She said, "Please close the door."
She asked me to close the door. (imperative)

She asked to close the door. = she wanted to close the door
("Can I close the door?" she asked.)

"Can you help me?" She dropped her bags.
"Can you help me?" she asked. "I can't carry these any more."
"I can't carry these any more." She dropped her bags.

She said, "John said, 'Go away,' and then he closed the door."
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Homework: p. 181