2015-11-24 Core: 8 past mysteries

Greg Malivuk
[email protected]
http://www.pastebin.com/u/gmalivuk - notes from all classes
---
Homework: p. 166 practice 1
2 could be / may be / might be
3 must not live (I’m pretty sure they don’t live here, but I don’t think it’s impossible.)
4 could have / may have / might have
5 must recognize
6 couldn’t be / can’t be / must not be
7 The aurora borealis is unpredictable so we (may not see / might not see) any lights tonight.
8 must be coming

It must come. = I’m pretty sure it comes. (It comes every year, but nothing about right now.)
It must be coming. = I’m pretty sure it is coming. (It is in the process of becoming fall right now.)

It must rain a lot there. = I’m pretty sure it rains a lot there, because everything is very green.
It must be raining there. = I’m pretty sure it’s raining there right now.
---
Remember, these modals can also be used for obligations and suggestions:

You must not smoke. It’s against the rules. = obligation
You must not smoke. A smoker couldn’t run that far. = conclusion
---
p. 96 - Speculation about the past
part 1 - complete the sentences with the correct words from the vocabulary box
1 ancient / sacred
2 period / tradition
3 prehistoric / sacred
4 century
5 sacred
6 society
---
important / importance
significant / significance
defiant / defiance
adjective / noun
---
Read about the Nazca lines.
What are some of the guesses about their purpose?

The lines must have been part of an astronomical calendar.
They might have been ancient Inca roads or irrigation systems.
They could have been landing strips for alien spacecraft.
The Nazca lines may have been part of a long tradition of ceremonial activities connected to water.
---
It must have been. = I’m pretty sure it was. This is the most believable explanation.
It may/might/could have been. = This is one of the possible explanations.

They must have eaten a lot of fish.
He couldn’t have known. = I think it’s impossible that he knew.
The Nazca people couldn’t have seen them from above. = It was impossible to see them from above.

[modal] + have + past participle = speculation about the past
---
BREAK
---
On a small piece of paper, write the name of your food, the country it’s from, and any important ingredients that some people might not be able to eat (wheat, peanuts, pork, etc.).
---
p. 97 exercise 8 - Choose the word in parentheses and change the sentence to use a modal.
1 Water can’t have been easy to find.
2 The rivers might have dried up.
3 The lines must have been very important.
4 The lines may have had a religious significance.
5 The animal drawings couldn’t have been roads.
6 The animals must have lived in the region.
7 The Nazca people could have used simple tools.
8 People must have maintained the lines carefully.
---
Bees buzz and snakes hiss.

ph/bh
th/dh
sh/zh
(In Irish, bh sounds like /v/ and dh sounds like “th” in words like “the” and “this”.)
---
p. 97 part 10 - Imagine you are archaeologists who have found these things at a 2000-year-old site. What conclusions can you make about the people and the objects?
---
Homework: p. 167 practice 2