2017-06-27 TOEFL: word roots, reading purpose

Greg Malivuk
[email protected]
http://www.pastebin.com/u/gmalivuk - notes from all classes
---
Word Roots list 5 - With your partner, try to think of one or two words to explain the meaning of each root.
morph = form
multi = many (from Latin)
nat = birth
neo = new
nom/nym = name
nov (novelty) = new
nov (November) = nine
ob = in front of (If there is a structure in front of you, it obstructs your way.) / in the way of
omni = all (from Latin)
opt (optimal) = best
opt (optics) = sight/vision/eye
paleo = old (In some word pairs, “paleo” and “neo” form opposites.)
pan = all (from Greek)
path = feeling (Often it’s specifically about feeling bad or ill, so “pathology” is the study of sickness.)
ped = foot
ped/paed = child
peri = around
phil = love
phob = fear
phon = sound
photo = light
pod = foot
poly = many (from Greek)
port = carry
post = after
proto = first (The roots “pro”, “proto”, “pre”, “fore”, “front”, and “first” are all related.)
pseudo = fake
psych = mind
pute = think
pyro = fire
---
pyro -> fire
pod -> foot
pater -> father
quod -> what
Grimm’s Law describes sound changes in Germanic languages (which includes English)
Voiced stops lose voicing: b -> p, d -> t, g -> k
Stops become fricatives: p -> f, t -> th, k -> /x/ or h
quod -> hwaet -> what
---
TOEFL overview:
- four sections: reading, writing, listening, speaking
1 reading: 3-4 passages, 20 minutes each to answer 13-15 multiple choice questions
2 listening: 2 or 3 sets of three passages each, 10 minutes to choose the answers for each set
	(10 minute break)
3 speaking: six tasks (2 independent and 4 integrated), 5.5 minutes of speaking, about 20 minutes total
4 writing: two tasks (integrated and independent), 50 minutes of writing, about 60 minutes total
---
Reading Question Types
- fact (test p. 244 number 5)
- negative fact (p. 238 number 10)
- vocabulary (p. 235 number 1)
- inference (p. 237 number 9)
- reference (p. 244 number 4)
- purpose (p. 243 number 2)
- paraphrase (p. 244 number 6)
- sentence insertion (p. 246 number 12)
- summary (p. 249 number 13)
- organize/categorize (p. 256 number 12)
---
Purpose Questions - Why does the author (or someone quoted by the author) say this?
Handout (Cengage) p. 82 - Take 1 minute to read the paragraph and choose the best answer to the purpose question.
- Read the sentence that includes “Amazon River” and the topic sentence of the paragraph, and you should be able to conclude that the Amazon is used as an example of a behavioral barrier.
---
BREAK
---
Handout p. 85-86 exercise 4.1 - Take 3 minutes to answer the true/false questions about passage 1.
1 T
2 F
3 F (There’s nothing about “should” in the text. The author seems to have a neutral opinion about the separation of optics and physics.)
4 F (It’s an example of the the applied technology aspects, not the purely scientific aspects, which are called optical physics.)
---
Take 7 minutes to do the same for Passage 2.
5 T
6 T
7 F
8 T
9 F
10 T
11 F (Without a specific reason to think otherwise, assume the author agrees with simple factual statemetns in the passage. A word like “unfortunately” or “unfairly” would tell us the author disagrees with the destruction of Toynbee’s reputation.)
---
Take 4 minutes to answer the questions for Passage 3
12 F
13 T
14 F (These cities were where she had “triumphant performances”.)
15 T
---
Passage 4 - 3 minutes
16 F
17 F
18 F
19 T
20 T
---
Passages 5-7 - 12 minutes
21 T
22 F
23 T
24 T
25 F
26 T
27 T
28 T
29 F
30 F
31 T
---
Homework: Two handouts p. 91-97 - Answer the questions about passages 1, 2, and 3
	(Optionally, you can also do passage 4.)