2018-07-19 Grammar: verb+gerund

Greg Malivuk
[email protected]
http://www.pastebin.com/u/gmalivuk - notes from all classes
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Homework: p. 111 exercise 4 - Underline the gerund and identify the person who does that action.
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1 Jeff...playing
2 your helping
3 Peter...looking
4 Matt...taking
5 John’s spending
6 his having behaved
7 John...leaving, he...not being
8 Norman’s singing and dancing
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verbs followed by gerunds also have three basic patterns
1 verb+gerund (no object)
2 verb+gerund OR verb + object + infinitive
3 verb + (object) + gerund
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Pattern 2 verbs change depending on whether there’s an object:
They don’t permit running at this pool. They require walking.
They don’t permit you to run at this pool. They require you to walk.
p. 113 exercise 7 - With your partner, write two sentences for each verb.
- One with no object and the gerund.
- One with an object and the infinitive.
1 My mom requires smoking outside the house.
  All companies require customers to pay first. (Customers are required to pay first.)
2 Teachers encourage studying a lot.
  My friend encourages me to put on the jacket. (I am encouraged to put it on.)
3 Greg urged learning what “urge” means.
  Greg urged us to learn what “urge” means. (We were urged to learn.)
4 Doctors advise doing exercise once a week.
  My friend advised me to go to college. (I was advised to go.)
5 The police forbid driving fast.
  The police forbid us to drive fast. (We are forbidden to drive fast.)
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Pattern 3 verbs use the possessive of the actor, not the object form:
I appreciate being invited.
I appreciate your inviting me. (not “you”)
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p. 115 focus 7 - Choosing between infinitives and gerunds.
In general, gerunds are for real actions that have happened or are happening now.
In general, infinitives refer to potential or future actions that may or may not happen.
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Some verbs change meaning depending on whether the gerund or the infinitive is used.
I stopped smoking. = I smoked before and then I stopped. (I quit.)
I stopped to smoke. = I stopped another action in order to smoke. (infinitive of purpose)
I remember locking the door. = I locked the door first, then I remembered.
I remembered to lock the door. = I remembered first, then I locked the door.
I forgot locking the door. = I locked the door first, then I forgot about it.
I forgot to lock the door. = I forgot first, so I didn’t lock it.
I tried opening the window. = I really opened it, but it didn’t help with the problem.
I tried to open the window. = I attempted to open it, but I wasn’t able to.
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p. 118-119 exercise 12 - Complete these sentences with the correct forms of the verbs.
1 to avoid (It’ll be difficult and maybe you can’t.)
  avoiding (You can do it, but maybe it won’t help.)
2 talking
3 to pick up
4 to talk / talking (same meaning)
5 smoking
6 to bring
7 a playing
  b to prefer
  c to play / playing (same meaning)
8 eating (I expect that I can eat it, but I may not enjoy it.)
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Homework (optional): exercise 13