#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

long long sum(long long n)
{
    if (n == 0) return 0;
    if (n%2 == 0)
        return n/2 * n/2 + sum(n/2);
    else
        return (n+1)/2 * (n+1)/2 + sum(n/2);
}

int main() {
    long long a, b,t;
    cin >> t;
    while (t>=0)
    {
        cin >> a >> b;
        cout << sum(b) - sum(a-1) << endl;
        t--;
    }
    return 0;
}