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nein_yards
Nov 8th, 2021
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  1.  
  2. American University of Sharjah
  3. College of Engineering
  4. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  5. Department of Electrical Engineering
  6. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  7. NGN 110 – Electric Circuits Laboratory
  8. Fall 2021
  9. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  10. Experiment Title: (Autonomous Drone Systems)
  11. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  12. Class section: (04); Group Number: (06)
  13. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  14. Writing, Organization & Format (30%)
  15. Content, Accuracy & Completeness (70%)
  16. Grade (100%)
  17.  
  18. Name & ID & Signature:
  19. 1. Syed Arfan Hussain [email protected]
  20. 2.Shaikh Muhammad Usman [email protected]
  21. 3. Taufiq Mohamed Ali Syed [email protected]
  22. 4. Moustafa Mohamed Kadri Amer [email protected] 
  23. I. Abstract
  24. In this experiment, we will be looking into autonomous drone systems – mainly to create synchronized movements with multiple drones; and how they are built and what uses they have. We were shown a demonstration of an autonomous drone system, specifically about the flight mission for the autonomous drones. In this report, we will be discussing about the flight mission and describing the flight maneuvers. The outcome of this lab is to learn about how a drone functions and about what engineering concepts are used in it. The result of our experiment was the drones landing in a synchronized manner from the command of the mission server.
  25.  
  26. II. Theoretical Background
  27. Thrust, lift, weight, and drag are the four forces that act on a drone in straight-and-level, un-accelerated flight (Sather, 2019).
  28. Weight – The total weight of the airplane, including the crew, fuel, and cargo or baggage. Because of the force of gravity, the weight of the airplane drags it downward. It works vertically downward through the airplane's center of gravity, opposing lift (Sather, 2019).
  29. Lift – It is produced by the dynamic action of the air acting on the wing and acts perpendicular to the flightpath through the wing's center of lift, opposing the downward pull of weight (Sather, 2019).
  30. Thrust – The forward thrust generated by the engine/propeller. It opposes or defeats the drag force. It is believed to act parallel to the longitudinal axis in general (Sather, 2019).
  31. Drag – The wing, fuselage, and other protruding features block airflow, causing the rearward, retarding force. Drag resists push and acts in the opposite direction of the relative wind (Sather, 2019).
  32. Three Dimensional Movement
  33. The longitudinal axis, also known as the roll axis, runs the length of the plane from nose to tail, with the line passing through the center of gravity (Sather, 2019). The ailerons control movement around this axis (Sather, 2019). The lateral or pitch axis runs across the plane, passing past the wing tips and back to the center of gravity; the elevator controls movement along this axis (Sather, 2019). The vertical axis, often known as the yaw axis, runs vertically across the airplane, intersecting the Centre of gravity; the rudder controls movement around this axis (Sather, 2019). All control actions allow the airplane to rotate around one or more of these axes, which allows for flight control.
  34.  
  35. III. Experiment Procedure
  36. Part A – Autonomous system components
  37. Autonomous drones don’t need transmitters or a pilot because they are replaced with the Intel Aero Compute Board, that needs to be programmed and attached to the drone. These types of drones are being used by many companies such as NASA, as they are reliable and highly efficient. The drone is considered as an integrated system, which means a system that works together to perform a specific function. The integrated system consists of: 1) communication system, 2) power system, 3) propulsion system, 4) dynamic control system, 5) sensors/electronics system.
  38. Communication System: a wireless system that connects the drone to the ground system. Receives commands from the ground system to the drone and without the communication system, the company or the person would not be able to track the drone.
  39. Power System: A system that contains battery that is responsible for powering up the other components of the drone.
  40. . Propulsion System: Creates a source of motion that makes the drone able to fly by using the propellers, motors and controllers which makes it the most important sub system.
  41. Dynamic Control System: Is the system that is responsible for controlling the propulsion system and reading the commands that is given to the drones such as position of the drone, rotation speed and direction speeds.
  42. Sensors/ Electronics System: Helps to regulate a lot factors of the drone and sends them back to the Dynamic control system to complete the commands.
  43. Part B – Detailed description of the flight mission performed
  44. Arm-disarm Modes:
  45. Disarmed mode – Blue LED lights up. Propellors are in disarm position.
  46. Armed mode – Green LED lights up. Propellors are in armed position.
  47. 1. All 4 drones are sent the commander stabilizer code via a batch file, following which the drones beep and their blue led flashes, to indicate they are in disarm mode, have received the commander stabilizer code, and are fly ready.
  48. 2. Once the armed switch is activated the LEDs will turn green, to indicate they are in armed mode. Following which the mission server takes over.
  49. 3. The first part of the mission is the take off. All 4 drones take off from the ground and hover at a level altitude of 85 cm.
  50. 4. Next the drones start rotating in a circle of diameter 1.2 meters.
  51. 5. Once they are done rotating, the drones all change their relative altitudes to one another and hover.
  52. 6. They then get back to level altitude.
  53. 7. They are commanded to land, ending the mission.
  54.  
  55. V. Answer The Questions
  56. Q1) Discuss the business applications of the autonomous drone system.
  57. Q2) What are the limitations of manually operated drones?
  58. Q3) What was the transmitter remote controller used for during the demonstration?
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  97. V. Conclusion
  98. (On a separate page)
  99. The conclusion should summarize the discussion of the results and comment on the difficulties and errors of the experiment, not to exceed 3 quarters of a page.
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  131. VI. References
  132. Sather, M. (2019, September 18). Aerodynamics 101. Botlink. https://botlink.com/blog/aerodynamics-101
  133.  
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