00:00:00
usually happen but of course they're happening now but I'd like to thank all of you who have contributed especially to the new software but also to other free software
 whether you call the program Open Source or free software as long as it is free software then it's a contribution and I appreciate it
 and the rest of you if you are programmers then you can contribute this way and I asked you to please spend some of your time if you want to spend it programming please spend some of it on developing free software so that we get more of it and we can especially if the free program does the job which currently free software doesn't do those are the most important free programs to develop now some people enjoy doing things because they're useless and yeah that's a part of hacking but we are fighting for Freedom you can have as much fun to that whipping a free program that will do a job there's no free software for as you could have by doing retrocomputing
 and we owe a lot more useful there are some features we would like people to write and the one of something that I really wish we had is if some free spelling checker had a gender feature so it would when you check one word it would tell you the words gender this would really help a lot in writing in the languages where you need to know the gender of each word in English you usually don't need to know but in French and Spanish at sixth really important and in Hebrew it's even more important if we could put that information into the spell check or dictionaries and every time you check one word in your text editor it'll tell you that we're gender
 this would be enormously useful in practice
 now you might also write a program from scratch program we don't have an extra men to sleep useful the program in order to be a good new package it should work well it should be easy to use it should be designed pretty well obviously nobody has time to do that perfectly it should come with enough explanation that people don't have trouble using it at can follow if you write the program first then then you can write them the manual for it
 and it should do a substantial useful job or else be substantially fun if you develop a program like that or if you started developing a program that you hope will ultimately will eventually
 meet those meatloaves desired criteria and please get in touch with the new project and talk with us about making it again package we would really like to have more
 and there are lots of other ways to help us which you can find any new. Org / help
 so please take a look
 now the free software movement is universal and Mara we should not exclude anyone because even though their crimes that should be punished
 cutting someone off from contributing to free software punishes the world not that person
 so I'd like to talk about the state of our movement things that are getting better and things that are getting worse well one area where something's are got better over there a few good new packages which have had big improvements in the emacs we now have another package archive called non-gui LPA
 Emax will show you the packages in that but they're not part of emacs in any sense by this is a way that we can show to users the availability of external packages which
 I don't have the paperwork and so on to include any mix but there's no real problem with them so now we can make users make users aware of them of the ones that seem good enough to what include
 the new health now has a hospital Management Facility which should make it like a bowl to a lot more medical organization so that they can switch the free software and do everything in Freedom and the new Jami
 got a big upgrade
 but I think it still needs a graphical interface for use on ghettoside Linux that will resemble the other applications on going to the Splash lyrics to follow the concepts that we need so that's a place you can get involved in helping
 now
 what's getting worse
 well the libreboot admission machines that we have are getting older and scares her finding a way to support something new is difficult because until when a MD or both are both designing their Hardware to subjugate people
 if if they were basically haters of the public it would be hard for them to do it much worse than they're doing
 panda
 mcintosh's are moving towards being jails like the my monsters are it's getting harder for users to install even their own programs to run them
 and this of course should be illegal it should be illegal to sell a computer that doesn't let users install software of their own from the from source code
 and probably shouldn't allow the computer to stop you from installing binary that you get from others either even though it's true you got to do in cases like that you're doing it at your own risk but tying people down strapping am into their chairs so that they can't do anything that hurts themselves makes things worse not better
 there are other systems where you can find ways to trust people that don't depend on being under the power of a giant company
 Racine problem sometimes we are supported old Hardware gets D support added because because somebody doesn't think it's important anymore it's so old how could that matter but there are reasons reasons I just told you about why old Hardware sometimes remains very important and people who aren't thinking about this issue may not realize that for instance we had to leave the last usable server machine was be supported because it was too old and they weren't hearing from enough people using it it's the kgpe dash D16
 and if you care about that be sure to keep the corbel developers informed and we've seen us some aspects going to stop supporting 32-bit systems
 and that's going to have repercussions to
 and so we've got to find a solution for that will work around for that
 a bunch of courses a non-free distraught when I wouldn't recommend that anyone use it for some important packages here now distributed only through there basically non Freedom respecting package system and not as Debbie and packages so it's even harder than before to get any freedom out of an Ubuntu installation
 but even if you don't actually try to use Bluetooth their other distros that depend in various ways on it 12 and they are active by this to
 I've seen reports that in Brazil many organizations are trying to push people away from their websites into using proprietary apps for proprietary smartphone operating systems instead now this doesn't seem to be worldwide and I'm a bit curious to find out if there is another country where it's happening
 but in any case an app is much worse for our prospects of freedom than a website that sends non-free JavaScript code but neither of them is good to use neither of them let you keep your freedom but it's much easier to figure out how to communicate with a site if
 you're talking about doing it with a web browser then if you're talking about a non free app
 so it's a it's a it's a change for the worse it's a change from an unjust program you shouldn't use to an unjust program you shouldn't use that that really shaft the community
 now
 there is a proposed US law
 called coach which would require mandatory age verification of users
 which means mandatory identification of users which is likely to be too mean by a face recognition and it would be in every commercial software application or electronic service that collect connect to the internet now that's grammatically ambiguous just commercial modify only software application or does it also modify electronic service it makes a difference but either way it's a disaster you know what
 things like email Services would have to identify their users apparently their Electronic Services that connect to the internet
 and do it only if it's possible that somebody under 16 might try to use the thing that's almost always the case there are only special situations where they couldn't possibly try so this still kosher which is supposedly for protecting children that suck one of the favorite excuses for new forms of surveillance and repression to protect the children whether it would actually protect anyone is dubious but
 play hope that won't actually be checked
 the other favorite excuse although it's a little less likely to pop up these days is terrorism in terrorism hasn't been such a big problem as to make people so excited about it lately so it's not quite as tempting as an excuse I was protecting children turned out to be really important but how to succeed in doing it is not obvious or so but you can always propose are completely useless methods that will refresh everyone
 now another are we are you aware we have problems is that there are several languages which come with a package Library basically people post packages in the end that might be fine if they had a good cry Tyrion for the licensing of the library's people upload into those sites but they're not developed by free software activists and they don't have such a Criterion there are non free packages in those libraries to now some of them make it possible to find out whether a library is free some of them it's difficult but sometime yeah you could probably look at the source code and see what licenses are in it and then you could look up those licenses and canoe. Org licenses license death-list. HTML
 and see if all those licenses are free and that way you know whether the given Library you were thinking of is for your not but that's enough work to do if they don't help you and the problem is they don't help you at the very least they should make it easy to say show me only the free packages
 and then show me only the GPL compatible packages cuz I'm writing a GPO covered program and I can't use the libraries that are not GPL compatible and I certainly won't ever think of using a non-free library
 they're not interested in helping people move forward in Freedom
 and so we need people to write front ends for those package like a package archives and with will show only the free licenses pre-license packages and which can be asked to show only
 show which ones are gpio compatible or show only those
 and this way they will be usable easily by the free software community
 and if you like one of the languages that has this problem please show your appreciation for that language by reconciling its use with with maintaining freedom
 another area where things have been getting worse is a containers containers are a way of packaging a program together with all the libraries it needs
 are the old way of doing this was you would make sure that your program said which versions of libraries it was compiled to work with and in the source code you use something like a auto Khan so that it could work with the various Library versions and this way you could build the program for a wide variety of free free operating systems and versions of them
 well that's some work so some developers they release a free program
 not all of them released free programs but some of them do released free programs using containers and a container has one set of libraries in it
 and how do you really know what's in there it's not straightforward to verify that all the libraries in the container are free
 and a lot of people won't realize that they should even think about it
 so the use of containers as they are implemented nowadays
 by people who were not free software activists that are not particularly concerned with this question
 is an obstacle to verifying that you're installing free software
 well maybe some of these container systems could be improved or maybe another one could be designed to solve these problems if a container packaging system were designed by people who care about Freedom they might find good ways to
 is satisfied this cold as well as others so it's something you can possibly work on
 now I'd like to invite people if there is a a medium-sized Improvement you have in mind to suggest for free software please tell what do project or tell me because I'd like to look at it and if it seems like a reasonable thing to do I'd like to add it to canoe. Org help so that we get the suggestions out there
 we can make this something that we contribute to and look at and thus help people find a medium-sized projects that will that will really make our programs more convenient
 what are we doing to
 to bring people into the community and to encourage them to Advanced wealth the free software Foundation has an idea called the freedom ladder and your ideas but it's some beginning steps to introduce someone to free software no to the ideas and to trying it and one of the early steps is learning about the the basic silly philosophy one is installing a few free programs on whatever system person uses and then getting used to actually using some free software sometimes and then beyond that there would be installing ghetto / Linux on some computer and less getting a first introduction to having a free system
00:20:36
 now these are the beginning steps because where they bring you is participating in the free software Community but they don't start to tackle the hardest problems the hardest problems or the systems that are deeply embedded in society and this is a place where something I said in the text talk which was quite a few years ago now is no longer true it's to reject some non free programs takes stubbornness and determination it's not so easy anymore and the reason is that the sum non-free systems are embedded in society institutions will the man's people use them
 their work vaccination sites that would only let you make an appointment if you ran on free Javascript while he and they had no
 response to a telephone call well I couldn't get vaccinated there I found a place I could
 show problem worked around but that kind of problem is shameful and we should teach government never to do that but schools are doing that very often and a group so you know just groups of people who socialize or doing it many talks now that the academic or other such institutions are transmitted over non-free software while I guess I can't see them
 now when you show in order to make a change you got to start saying no
 it's crucial to have a lot of people saying no but that doesn't mean you have to say no every time the way I do what do I say no every time it's because I never accepted to do that thing and on each day I think should this be the first day I healed and start using such and such no way I find some way I can say no
 I'd be really ashamed if I if I started to say yes after saying no for so many years
 but suppose you are in the habit of saying yes well the first thing is to say no once
 just once note on this occasion I I will say no to using Zoom you know I really wanted to you to move away from using Zoom so right now I'm going to say no I'd love to talk with you people I'd love to watch this but
 not on Zoom
 and even if you only do it once you're helping the movement because it's an opportunity to explain to people why it's bad why you don't want to do it
 and you don't have to try to tell them what to do but listen to you better if you don't
 but if you show why it's important to you and you show that you regret not participating but
 it's because it's something you want to move away from in their in their means of doing it not in the goal
 you can influence them shortly
 now I schools are really bad in this regard nowadays and I swore a paper of well that a year ago polish student got in touch with me
 and talked about all the things he had done to avoid running any non-free software in his last year of college
 and I was amazed by how creative and clever and flexible he had been and you know you have to be willing to do that asked to try several different ways of not using whichever non-free program it is and keep coming up with new ways
 one method that may not be obvious is if a teacher wants you to watch some some presentation over Zoom or Microsoft teams Google need something like that well maybe there's a friend who'll be willing to put a webcam watching a screen and transmit that to you through free software and then you will see what is being presented it for the class
 and it can transmit the audio to okay so you're participating in the class at least you at least you see what you need to say and maybe the friend will email you PDF files for handouts and so on
 it's it's not convenient
 but it's also not tremendously hard
 and if you're trying to be able to say C5 I have not yielded I have resisted
 I'm winning this fight for my freedom
 things like this are worth trying
 now course sometimes that won't work sometimes you won't find something is one if you have to use the non-free program there's one last thing that occurred to me which is to say in each class session
 I am bitterly ashamed of the fact that I'm using Zoom for this class
 just that too few seconds but say it each time the first time you say anything in class on any day in that particular class on any in any meeting of it say that I'm bitterly ashamed of using Zoom
 and I feel hurt that you make me do so
 and overtime the fact that this is really important to you will sink in
 I don't know if anybody's tried this
 it would be interesting to find out what the results are that you might have other suggestions if you got a new suggestion that the void check kosher didn't write about well-informed the education group because I would like to mention it as an idea
 now one way not use non free software is to go through businesses or even friends
 where avoid doing it online
 it is better to ask a travel agent to buy your flights then to do it yourself using some online non-free software
 and some people who were very inclined to generalizing everything and simplifying everything to the max to make as many things equivalent as possible they would say it makes no difference you know who cares why should it matter whether you use a computer or a travel agent uses a computer why is it matter because
 you're trying to keep away from non free software yourself free a moral Society eliminating the non-free software that's our ultimate goal but that's a much bigger goal reading yourself is good even if you don't free everyone else in the process the travel agent is using on free software that and has decided to do so you don't you is good if you free yourself or non free software even if it's only you
 so if you equate every possible way that anything unfortunate can happen to treat them all as equivalent you make it impossible to make progress you got to change the whole world to make any progress and of course that's very hard so look at the differences between different things that are bad for somebody
 end
 if a travel agent travel agent who doesn't care about running on free software buys your fights for you nobody's worse off and you are closer to Freedom part of another part of your life has reached Freedom so it's good for you and not bad for the travel agents
 what if you want to ask a friend to order a product for you
 well that's something I do I won't order from online stores because I can't pay them one thing the payment services require running non-free JavaScript dfsf is an exception it is gone to Extra Care to be able to accept credit card payments without running on free software to do it but stores don't are they they do it the easy way witch Chen's Hunan for JavaScript
 so I can't order from any online store
 so I asked friends to order things for me if I can't find them in any physical store
 now it's not good for my friends if they use soft non free software to do this but those other friends you don't care about the issue and they do that everyday anyway
 so
 that's why it's a step forward to ask a friend to do it for you if when the friend doesn't care about the issue on the other hand if it's a friend who does care about the issue and is trying to quit you really shouldn't ask her to do a bad thing instead of you that's a person who might refuse also so you should encourage your friend to refuse along with you
 now with some some stores you can order by phone
 I don't do that because I don't want company to know who I am but that's that is a different issue that applies to the same situation to wrong thing they do one is you have to run on free software if you're ordering online and the other is to give them to pay remotely you got to do if I credit card and tracking people and I want to resist tracking to a well if my friend orders the product instead of me and gets sent to per address well that's confusing Big Brother they think it's my friend's purchase
 they don't know it's actually for me
 now this is a really serious problem for society that you can't order things remotely anonymously but a good new title is part of the path to fixing that you knew Tyler will enable people to get know you'll be able to get a Tyler token from your bank or a whole bunch of power tokens and then you'll be able to use those to pay Anonymous Lee and then if the store can send the thing you bought to a a delivery box in your neighborhood the store doesn't have to ever know who you are
 now another good thing that Tyler could do is take care of the age verification problem suppose there's some sort of service which charges money or even a tiny amount of money and is only for people over 16 or people over 18 or whatever it is well you could get from your bank at Oliver token that says
 the person using this token is over 16 this bank has verified that your bank and verify that it knows how old you are so then the site only needs to insist on a 16 or over Tyler token and your age is verified but the site has no idea who you are
 unfortunately that won't help if my fudge user identifying a tracking systems or legislated now the code of Tyler works but it's still being integrated with a bank so that people could actually start to use it we real businesses
 one area where we find a lot of threats is in the right to use encryption end-to-end well there is a selfie called the digital markets directive in the European Union which requires interoperable encryption and other words various different services for communication would have to be able to use the same encryption method so that they could talk with each other and to end encrypted
 and this is being cold by Commercial Services a disaster but is it really the services that offer encryption and 10 encryption to their users through
 their own proprietary encryption software
 can't be trusted anyway encryption you know you can never trust a non-free program there's always somebody who's in a position to screw you over secretly and it's very very hard for you to check
 and that is true for any website that does encryption and sends you send software to your browser to do it the encryption in the decryption because that's what for is totally under the control of the site
 the people who are who study the issue of encryption say you should only be using free software to do that because that way it can be studied carefully by experts to make sure it really works reliably in and safely but in addition when that program is free software it means that no one company and is in a position to do something nasty or security as we understand it needs to include security against the developer of any program at only free score can do that well that means you shouldn't be using encryption and decryption software provided to you in a nap oh no you have to use a free encryption and decryption program that's installed into your machine so that all the various apps and sites can use it and that way they can be into rap wearable the solution for the
 interoperability is also the solution for your freedom with user install the encryption program to use and choose which one and then we can choose free inscription programs and their work interoperability with all the sites
 now of course it's not trivial to make sure things really turn out this way we are probably going to have to push for it but properly understood if you understand what a cure and and encryption means then you realize that it's the friend of Andreas for Ability it's the friend of using the same secure free encryption program for every service or or communication program
 about a year ago a service called a copilot appeared if you add one letter to it it becomes copy a lot
 and that's exactly what it does really it it's an easy way to copy or various Pizza various Snippets of code without knowing where they come from
 and it turns out that it's it's easy to copy substantial parts of free programs or non free programs and infringed copyright and not even realize what's happening now the fact that is easy to copy a lot of cold or whether it's authorized or not new any text editor will let you copy a big hunk of code from one file and put it in another the difference about copy a lot is that it will just do that for you because it seems that's what because you don't use his machine learning and it shows you what you what it stinks you might want there and it's so easy to copy that without knowing what you're doing and without checking the license
 you know what if you're copying code from a GPO covered program into a program under a pushover week license and you could submit that as a change and you've now miss life instead and you've caused a potential legal problem for the project you're contributing to
00:40:13
 and some kind of systemic solution is needed for this but it's not that it copies it's that
 it makes it it encourages people to copy without asking where am I getting this for things like this the solution generally has to be to put in a step where it tells you where you're going to get something and what you need to know about it and ask you is this something that I can lawfully do is it something within the criteria of the project I'm trying to commit to
 now this brings up the issue of copyright papers some of the new programs in a we have four hundred or so you know packages and some of them are copyright free software Foundation which means the contributors sign papers to assign copyright to the f s f
 because in some ways that's better it means you're the f s f chase after violations of the law of the GPL instead of your having to do so yourself
 but
 it's a bit it's a little bit of work we've made it a lot easier but it's mostly done basically electronically and it doesn't take very long
 and I'd like to thank contributors for signing these papers and helping us do this and it serves another purpose to once in awhile it's useful to change the license of a piece of free code for instance suppose it turns out that it's really useful for a certain piece of code to go into some application which is under say the Apache license or in the expat rx11 license with python like you know that piece of code would be very useful in other places well
 if all the contributors to that code have assigned to the f s f b f s f can release that piece of code under the week pushover license until I can contribute to that particular package we obviously wouldn't want to do this too often but sometimes it's good for the community to do it
 and sometimes we want to put in an exception permitting linking say
 for instance if you've ever compiled anything with GCC that's probably linked with a library called live g c c which contains conceptually trivial things that just support some of the language constructs yeah you don't mention them by name and your program but your program may need them
 if you're doing a C+ plus I think some method look up routines will be in there
 so in order to put some code into there
 we we need to permit non-free programs to compile with GCC if ugcc just not that we think those non-free programs deserve any cooperation but if you couldn't use she succeeded pile them BCC would not be very useful so that's why I decided to do this back in 1989 or so so we named we may want to put some code into there and that means we have to add an exception giving the permission to use it in a certain way the code and live GCC is under the GPL but you have a special permission to link it in with anything else
 well if you resign the copyright we can make that kind of change
 there's some people don't want to do that and so some people some projects has started using something called A D C 0 which is a declaration of code origin
 and it's a cute idea but it doesn't it doesn't
 it's it's very sloppy so I decided to work on and improve the co
 unfortunately it will not enable us to relicense but it will give a firmer footing for
 things like registering copyright on the program and so the idea of the dco is to make it clear who's assigning what and make sure that each piece of coal that's contributed is signed for by its contributors by developer sorry not by a third party who contribute this but by whoever wrote it yourself directly the author that cold will sign for it and this gives us a firmer footing in terms of copyright
 so that
00:46:05
those are all the topics I wanted to cover today
 it seems like I always tell some puns in these talks I'll give you a couple of first which human bond is formed over soup
 it's brotherly love
 I wish I could see if people are laughing
 and when is it possible to convert a cracker into a soup
 when it's a biscuit
 so now it's time for your questions
 so I guess I should look at big blue button right
 to see the questions
 yes I will be placing them in Chrysler
 it's good to keep a couple of
 questions in the buffer to overlap operations
 can you comment recent no dash ipcc incident
 oh
 well
 I don't know if this issue pertains to free software actually I'm not sure what no die PC is though it will Cool Runs no die PC I don't I don't know I don't know about it at all is it developed by party and then run on servers by parties b c d etcetera that what happens
 I'm not sure actually but I think the main sort of just of the question is on the topic of self-sabotage our projects
 I don't understand the term self-sabotage is rather vague and in general I don't try to judge these kinds of questions formulated in Vegas has tracked Waze I think that's the wrong way to do to judge it'll get you bad answers
 it was very important to look at some concrete examples
 and judge them as equity and once you judge several examples at the clay you can start maybe to see a pattern you can try to generalize from those examples
 so I need I need to know about some of these instances of self-sabotage How about if the people who are bringing this up type in a description of one or two examples of when they're ready you can Pace them in and in the meantime I will turn to the next question
 I have you ever considered that copyright trademark Etc law that allowed monopolization of ideas by the way that's incorrect copyright and trademark are not similar at all and I do not generalize about them. The copyright is but it's not monopolization of ideas copyright in the US explicitly does not cover any idea it covers details of expression of a work of authorship so please don't ever say that idea has been copyrighted you be confused and you would confuse the discussion that follows but copyright covering Works in monopolizing the use of contents of those works is very similar to the enclosure laws
 and so were enclosure was was basically Saft and a copyright is vicious in a similar way when it's used to stop people from sharing
 no I am not against copyright 100% I think it's legitimate for there to be copyright and for its cover commercial distribution and use of overwork and to cover modification publicly visible modification of the work however
 non-commercial redistribution of exact copies should be allowed for any published work now not for private personal but for publish Works yes and then some works the works that exist to be used not just looked at for about contemplate did
 appreciated no The Works that are meant to be used by each person those need to be free so friends and software should be free recipes should be free
 patterns for sewing clothing should be free
 a clarification on the for the note I can see question no life by PC to help or modified his program to make it remove the files of anyone from Russia if they run it and it was also it was a package used in many programs so I'm it sounds like no die PC was this a sort of library that was included in other free programs
 before the answer comes I'll presume it was well I think that was really nasty that change deleting people Stiles is really nasty and it's not as if
 it's not as if this deletion was being done to a war criminal you know who could it be anybody in Russia
 could be anybody in Belarus and most people embarrassed I hate lucashenko you know they want him gone but they're still being punished
 so that was not a good thing to do
 it's not a good thing to broaden the condemnation in the Haight
 would cause it to a future version of the GPO prevent the code for use of the code for training on free AI systems
 much like the current version of the GPO prevent the code from being used in non free programs are legally those are not some more you see the GPO is based on copyright law and the things it regulates our sins the copyright copyright law says you need permission for the GPO actually gives permission
 the GPL on a program doesn't and suppose you download a program and start to you you have a copy of it well the GPS do anything to you it doesn't deny you for them to do anything it's just the opposite it gives you permission to do things which by default are prohibited
 and that's possible because we're talking about copying of various sorts copying with or without modification compilation is a kind of, it's making a modified version are so are these are all things that require author permission legally under copyright law so the GPS says yeah you have permission anybody has permission under these conditions
 which is much more permissive than copyright will itself well I don't think you need any permission to run a program for a particular purpose like training and II so basically I don't think it is conceivable or a free license to restrict training the AI
 and not only that
 if the AI and the program making examples for it to look at our
 communicating at arm's length
 it might be hard to decide whether such a condition even applied
 so I don't think we can solve the problems of AI systems that way
 are there any plans to teach new speakers at the fsfg talk about not only technical issues but as philosophical issues well I don't know if there is a plan for some sort of class but if you want to learn to do that you can learn it's basically a matter of studying the ideas having a lot of discussions with people who are taking the ideas seriously and raising questions to be thought about and practicing speaking
 now there's an organ there is or at least there was an organization called Toastmasters
 which is dedicated to teaching people better public speaking their clubs you join one of the clubs and every so often you give it talk and people critique you
 and I found it quite helpful I already had had quite a bit of practice so I was already pretty good but I learned some things for them from participating in Toastmasters and I also found a lot of fun so if you want to become a speaker about the ideas of free software
 you got to start doing it you know find a group of friends find some Club near you where they like it if people will give it to her from time to time and try it and make a recording and have other free software activist look at the recording and give you suggestions at course when you're giving suggestions and criticism salespeople make it simple because sometimes people are very scared of public speaking don't make the speaker regret having spoken as you're trying to be helpful so
 this is actually very important but I don't know if there's a way to organize it
 I think that it's something that you need to do on your own but if you become good at this please get in touch
 so that we can hear you give a talk and if you're good we could put you in our speakers list
 what do you think about free software Community strategic capacity that is the ability to make strategies against non free software well that's very abstract all I can say is it sounds like a good thing but can we do it I don't know what
 we don't have a large number of followers who will make go to go to considerable effort to carry out our strategy if we could only convince more people to reject certain programs because their bid for Freedom we would be a lot more powerful
 but as you as you see around you we don't have a lot of people who will carry out a strategy which means the effectiveness of the strategy like that is not going to be that high
 what do you think about Computer quote gay me on quote and so-called quote Gamers on quote of wood more free games be beneficial for the Libra World well first of all I don't think there's anything bad about playing a game and unless the game is not free then it's bad for you if you play it but but typically these games are not Solitaire you're playing with other people and using a non-free program together with other people that's particularly bad because it means that those people are pressuring each other to keep running that non-free program and whenever a non-free program generates that kind of effect we're we're each user is pressured by all the other users to continue doing something that's bad for you
 that's something that that makes all of them ethically responsible for pressuring the others would because you really should stop
 now more free games but it's not it doesn't satisfy urgent practical need another game might be fun it might be interesting it might even be beautiful conceivably but it's not it doesn't satisfy you in immediate practical need however that that doesn't mean it isn't it can't be a good thing lots of artistic works are a contribution to human culture even though none of them satisfied as a practical
 but the crucial thing is free ones might make it easier for some people to say let's move off this Dawn freezing and play a game that is free so we can have the same pleasure but without paying freedom is the price
 and by the way or anyone who plays Minecraft could switch to minetest
 minetest is a free game similar to Minecraft
 can reverse-engineer code be re-written under what conditions will be licensed in to the GPO
 yes reverse engineering is done for two reasons one you want to figure it find out the methods that are used to do some difficult thing the other is you want to be compatible with it you want to write code that will do the same job and be compatible with the other things people use
 and of course when you do that's something we need in order to write more free software you want to have a free program to do some secret job how do you know how to write if you don't know what the job is to be done well you can find that out by reverse engineering some Don free program that does that job
 and yes it can be done lawfully but you should find out what the rules are and it depends on where you are however the European Union has a directive which says waffle to reverse-engineer to make something that is interoperable
 so basically it's okay to do it if you're careful
 and you should talk with a lawyer for advice about how to take proper care
 what do you think about permissive licenses well a couple of confusion swallowed most people think that there is a BSD license there isn't there are at least two different BSD licenses and the difference is very important the original BSG license is a serious problem because it has an annoying advertising requirement which is incompatible with the GPL so you should reject programs that are under the original BSG license fortunately there are very few of them ever since I convinced UC Berkeley
 to move all of its programs to the revised BSD license which doesn't have that annoying advertising called claws so the revised BSE license is not a particular problem and it's GPO compatible it's a pushover license that's true but that's not that doesn't do harm it just feels to do good
 so by all means you can use the code that's released under the revised BSD license you can link it with GPO covered code
 and there's no reason you should hesitate to do those things
 and then the question will also
 talked about
 the so-called MIT license but that's a misnomer and it's actually two slightly different licenses
 one of them is the X 11 license and the other is the expat license now those are two free programs that use slightly different licenses
 which is why we gave them two different names
 is me I just couldn't read
 resist chewing some cashews
 yell if you will take paper money and you mix it with certain solvents and heated up eventually become sort of mushy and the cash starts to ooze
01:06:01
 that's what I was eating
 so
 please don't talk about the MIT license for the details of all these things looking good new. Org licenses license Dash lit. HTML and it explains the significant differences
 of course not being happy lifted is a very important difference copyleft licenses such as the new GPO
 defend the freedom of all users of all versions of that code
 the pushover licenses don't do that
 people choose those push over licenses because either they've been convinced it's not nice to say no to anybody especially not to a big company how could you not be kind to a big company I think it's easy
 I think it's perfectly fine to tell a big company if you want to redistribute my code you better respect users Freedom when you do
 but the last one major difference but there are other differences the usual permissive licenses
 the ones that are compatible with the guno GPO they generally don't do anything particularly bad if they did they wouldn't be compatible with the g p l
 there are some other licenses with do have slightly problematic a requirement Center incompatible such as the original BSD license you'll see a large number of examples
 can my canoe Tyler account be suspended or Frozen
 no because it isn't really an account
 they are coins the Kerry signatures to show they're valid
 they are not associated with you you're the one who happens to have them but they're not in any way had this being yours so there's no way to deactivate stop you from spending
 what do you think could be done by the free software Community or the FSA have to push Hardware manufacturers towards producing new Libra Hardware well.first cook what can we do to get them to stop putting in Hardware back doors to Snoop on people or even sabotage them
 well
 we would need to organize politically we would need to have to be so numerous and that if we told a politician or I don't let companies do this sort of thing because it's threatening his people's freedom and security
 but they would listen that the politician would listen
 we need to be so numerous that if we wrote to Intel or AMD or I think also
 I can't remember its name
 but our if we wrote to a one of those processor making companies saying don't put this nasty stuff in the company would start to get scared
 this is a long distance away but we can start growing the free software Foundation right now but simply join become a member the more members we have the more we shall we the more people we show we stand for
 I'm not a programmer at all but I would like to support the development of free software what's the best way to contribute to that these days well you could donate to a project that's doing stuff you like in that is looking for donations that's if you want to donate money but you can also donate your time now obviously if you're not a programmer or you're not going to spend your time writing code but there are other things projects can use
 especially for instance if you're good at writing English text
 write documentation to explain how to use programs
 if you want to become an expert on user interfaces you could give user interface advice to free programs that would be useful
 so what do you think about cryptocurrency and blockchain Technologies as free software can't replace banking systems and other third-party I don't think so and there are things I don't like about cryptocurrencies the ones that are practical today
 1 is
 I don't think it's good that the payee is anonymous because that makes it easy to hide wealth and evade taxes and that is a tremendous Global problem you may have followed the news about scandals or as data from Banks
 are wheat berries Banks there was one in Switzerland recently before that there was Panama I think there was some Caribbean island and you find out people who rich people are buying property in Anonymous secret ways so it doesn't get taxed and essentially they get away with stealing it and some effort is being made to make that harder now because Russian billionaires were discovered to be doing this a course but it's not just that much billionaires from any country that want to impoverish the rest of society so what we really need to do
 is change the legal systems that make it possible to own property and not tell the government who really owns it
 but on the side from that cryptocurrencies are not Anonymous enough with Bitcoin
 you know you don't have to say
 Google Wallet belongs to but all the transactions can be tracked and so often that someone can figure out that information is all public someone to figure out who is the actual owner that wallet
 now with power
 only the payer is anonymous
 the Peggy has to identify itself for each transaction
 and so Tyler can be used to hide wealth
 however
 Tyler is
 Tyler is really anonymous
 are the payer
 there's no way
 the developers are quite confident there's no way to figure out from Tyler itself who made the payment now if you're talking to a website you got to check the rest of the system for purchasing to make sure it really is anonymous
 maybe you have to make a purchase through tor
 and of course the sites do not send any JavaScript because JavaScript is a way to get more information
 what do you think of free software written in non free languages
 well it was three different things
 obviously if there is no free compiler for the language then that's a problem for every program written in that language and why you generally shouldn't use that language
 you shouldn't be using a non-free compiler so
 that's another reason to avoid the programs written in that language you can compile them
 in the Free World at least
 no
 there is three suggested possible causes of a non-free language one is if its patented well if a patent holder is really trying to stop oil free compilers for being written
 that is
 extremely antisocial Behavior
 well what if the only existing compiler is free
 we've been in that situation
 when I started developing the new system
 she had only known freaking Powers so I wrote a free compiler
 and
 it's a centralized under a compiler that is very hard to build
 well
 it's hard for me to comment about
 a situation I don't fully understand but
 maybe you can modify it to be easier to build
 basically
 program that's written in a language we don't have a freaking pile or 4
 we called trapped
 there was a time when there was no free compiler for Java
 and that was a big problem
 and the weird people not to write their code in Java we also urge people to work on a free compiler for Java
 and now Java is not trapped
 and those programs written in Java are not track so
 I forgot to put it in my list of topics to cover
 but
 we're about to take a step forward in documentation
 I have written a manual for ganoe C
 on the FF is going to publish it
 and not not too terribly long
 now or why do I say it's a manual for good news see it does not try to describe the sea standard
 because that would be tremendously complicated and tremendously hard to use
 it's not just that there are a lot of details
 in the sea standard it's extremely
 it's written in terms of abstractions
 instead of telling you what the program means it tells you what the program is permitted to mean
 so you need to think as water level to make sense of the C standard
 what's the purpose of this manual
 is to enable people to learn C
 and also to enable them to look up the details of what she constructs mean
 it starts with an introduction that I think water be cleared of people who know programming in some other language
 and indeed she is inevitably full of wrinkles and more complex rules but I've tried to express them in ways that make it easier to understand C programming
 and part of what enabled me to do that it is forgetting about the standard now
 PCC follows the sea standard it will it will be quote conforming unquote if you specify certain options which you don't actually have to specify
 what
 buy only describing what BCC does
 and not all the other possible things that some other compiler might do without violating the standard
 it makes the manual much simpler and clearer
 so
 I hope that once this manual has settled down people will adapt it
 into to discover other languages that are more or less of the same category for instance
 I think it wouldn't be terribly hard to modify the blue see manual to get a job Emanuel
 in what areas do you think the free software Community could have a role in limiting the Damage Done to the planet
 well I know it one way
 where is directly relevant
 planned obsolescence causes a lot of waste
 any particular it produces lots of e-waste
 Sports manufacturing the new devices to be sold to people who have just suffered planned obsolescence
 uses a lot of energy and a lot of material resources
 so free software is exactly the thing
 to help people keep using the same device for longer
 now this is not a very direct connection
 it's a consequence of being in a community
 we're individuals have more control over what they do
 and that is very important itself
 but it also enables people to be less wasteful they're not under control businesses will direct you into wasteful consumption because it's profitable for them and if they have less influence over you
 you can stay away from the wasteful consumption
 buffer is empty
 what do you think about it but General documentation of the new system
 something that should explained the tote for the total novice how to use the system and they mentioned the Debbie and reference manual I don't know what the Debbie and reference manual is and I've used this system I'm using which is derived indirectly from Debian
 but I'm not sure what quote Debbie and reference manual unquote means could someone explain maybe it could be modified so as to serve as a scale reference manual
 the thing is that the new system contains lots of programs Debian is a very it over the ghetto system
 and since it uses Linux as the colonel we call it blue slash than UPS
 okay so there's a reference manual for Debian
 that's for one particular variant of the new / litter box but maybe those others that are fairly similar could use the same one but it probably is a matter of whether you're trying to document use of the command line or use of a graphical interface
 the command line if you're using bashes the shell is pretty similar regardless of what destroy it is we already have a manual and we have a manual for some commands
 app for using the command line however these manuals could be improved by focusing on user categories
 for instance the best manual could be improved
 because currently is groups features under the conceptual level at which they operate like a shell programming constructs
01:26:09
 you download built-ins but those are matter how something is implemented we really want group features in terms of what you're thinking about when you want to use so I can pick it up any kind of thing you'd be doing than described in that is in the chapter for that all the show teachers that are put into that I think that would make a manual that's easier to read that's how I would write it if I were writing it now
 but those changes can be fitted anyway documenting graphical interface has is a different kind of problem and the reason is there not coherent
 the desktop I use is called mate and I see Windows having multiple different styles I don't know why but these are programs written by different projects
 if they were all coherent which is one of the things that the Macintosh pioneered and most others have not been able to follow you having a consistent user interface concept going through everything
 that would be a really good
 are there too many instances of adopting technology for your nan free just to be a participant in today's society
 well I don't know I'm not completely sure what that means be a participant does that mean a running non-free JavaScript so you can make an appointment with some organization well that's usually a matter of a very practical reason rather than to be a participant I'm not quite sure what to be just to be a participant means does that mean using an you know of some particular anti social media platform because lots of people do
 you know I can guess it when something is very abstract like this I can guess it what it might mean but I don't know what it does mean
 is it a good idea to centralized copyright power of so many free software project over a single entity even if cfff well
 we know that the f s f is in a much better position to go after violators than most individual so it's a good thing but also aside from the copyrights themselves there is the issue of upgrading the license
 unless you believe that your license is perfect and will never need changing its crucial to have a license upgrade path you know
 we had GPL version 2 which was used for something like
 play around 13 years and then I concluded that there were enough things that needed to be changed
 that we had to make a version 3
 and there's a list and dinner. Org licenses there's a page which lists the reason so many things that needed to change it so it's vital that there be an upgrade path but if you're accepting changes from lots of people if you don't do any of you don't do anything to centralize the copyright then you end up with say five hundred contributors and how are you going to get them to agree to upgrade to a another version of the GPL say twenty years later how are you going to even find them will they still be alive we have to go find their heirs to get permission how in the world could you find them
 so if you are not if you're glad that you're not working with GPO version one then you got to be glad that we made an upgrade path
 will you guard to avoid the use of proprietary a video conference software do you think there is Merit in reverse engineering a free software client with interoperability for Zoom team etcetera have solutely that would be a big Advance how hard it is I don't know
 in general reverse engineering is not the easiest thing in the world to do so by all means do it if you can
 and do you know talk with the lawyer first it makes a difference which country you're in there might be a particular country which is the best place to do it
 so I think it's time to to finish up
 so I'd like to thank people once again
 for joining my talk
 and to wish all of you happy hacking
 you are missing IQ everyone
 and please volunteer for the new project please join the free software Foundation