finding the sum of mod operations in a range
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <math.h>

unsigned long long usqrt(unsigned long long n);
unsigned long long modSum(unsigned long long a, unsigned long long b);

int main(int argc, char *argv[]){
    unsigned long long a, b;
    b = (argc > 1) ? strtoull(argv[argc-1],NULL,0) : 10000;
    a = (argc > 2) ? strtoull(argv[1],NULL,0) : b;
    printf("Sum of moduli %llu %% i for 1 <= i <= %llu: %llun",b,a,modSum(a,b));
    return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}

unsigned long long usqrt(unsigned long long n){
    unsigned long long r = (unsigned long long)sqrt(n);
    while(r*r > n) --r;
    while(r*(r+2) < n) ++r;
    return r;
}

unsigned long long modSum(unsigned long long a, unsigned long long b){
    if (a < 2 || b == 0){
        return 0;
    }
    unsigned long long sum = 0, i, l, u, r = usqrt(b);
    if (b < a){
        sum += (a-b)*b;
    }
    u = (a < r) ? a : r;
    for(i = 2; i <= u; ++i){
        sum += b%i;
    }
    if (r < a){
        u = (a < b) ? a : (b-1);
        i = b/u;
        l = b/(i+1);
        do{
            sum += (u-l)*b;
            sum -= i*(u-l)*(u+l+1)/2;
            ++i;
            u = l;
            l = b/(i+1);
        }while(u > r);
    }
    return sum;
}