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        "metadata_version": "2.1",
        "name": "black",
        "version": "22.10.0",
        "summary": "The uncompromising code formatter.",
        "description_content_type": "text/markdown",
        "keywords": [
          "automation",
          "autopep8",
          "formatter",
          "gofmt",
          "pyfmt",
          "rustfmt",
          "yapf"
        ],
        "author_email": "Łukasz Langa <lukasz@langa.pl>",
        "classifier": [
          "Development Status :: 5 - Production/Stable",
          "Environment :: Console",
          "Intended Audience :: Developers",
          "License :: OSI Approved :: MIT License",
          "Operating System :: OS Independent",
          "Programming Language :: Python",
          "Programming Language :: Python :: 3 :: Only",
          "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.7",
          "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.8",
          "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.9",
          "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.10",
          "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.11",
          "Topic :: Software Development :: Libraries :: Python Modules",
          "Topic :: Software Development :: Quality Assurance"
        ],
        "requires_dist": [
          "click>=8.0.0",
          "mypy-extensions>=0.4.3",
          "pathspec>=0.9.0",
          "platformdirs>=2",
          "tomli>=1.1.0; python_full_version < '3.11.0a7'",
          "typed-ast>=1.4.2; python_version < '3.8' and implementation_name == 'cpython'",
          "typing-extensions>=3.10.0.0; python_version < '3.10'",
          "colorama>=0.4.3; extra == 'colorama'",
          "aiohttp>=3.7.4; extra == 'd'",
          "ipython>=7.8.0; extra == 'jupyter'",
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        "requires_python": ">=3.7",
        "project_url": [
          "Changelog, https://github.com/psf/black/blob/main/CHANGES.md",
          "Homepage, https://github.com/psf/black"
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        "description": "[![Black Logo](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/psf/black/main/docs/_static/logo2-readme.png)](https://black.readthedocs.io/en/stable/)\n\n<h2 align=\"center\">The Uncompromising Code Formatter</h2>\n\n<p align=\"center\">\n<a href=\"https://github.com/psf/black/actions\"><img alt=\"Actions Status\" src=\"https://github.com/psf/black/workflows/Test/badge.svg\"></a>\n<a href=\"https://black.readthedocs.io/en/stable/?badge=stable\"><img alt=\"Documentation Status\" src=\"https://readthedocs.org/projects/black/badge/?version=stable\"></a>\n<a href=\"https://coveralls.io/github/psf/black?branch=main\"><img alt=\"Coverage Status\" src=\"https://coveralls.io/repos/github/psf/black/badge.svg?branch=main\"></a>\n<a href=\"https://github.com/psf/black/blob/main/LICENSE\"><img alt=\"License: MIT\" src=\"https://black.readthedocs.io/en/stable/_static/license.svg\"></a>\n<a href=\"https://pypi.org/project/black/\"><img alt=\"PyPI\" src=\"https://img.shields.io/pypi/v/black\"></a>\n<a href=\"https://pepy.tech/project/black\"><img alt=\"Downloads\" src=\"https://pepy.tech/badge/black\"></a>\n<a href=\"https://anaconda.org/conda-forge/black/\"><img alt=\"conda-forge\" src=\"https://img.shields.io/conda/dn/conda-forge/black.svg?label=conda-forge\"></a>\n<a href=\"https://github.com/psf/black\"><img alt=\"Code style: black\" src=\"https://img.shields.io/badge/code%20style-black-000000.svg\"></a>\n</p>\n\n> “Any color you like.”\n\n_Black_ is the uncompromising Python code formatter. By using it, you agree to cede\ncontrol over minutiae of hand-formatting. In return, _Black_ gives you speed,\ndeterminism, and freedom from `pycodestyle` nagging about formatting. You will save time\nand mental energy for more important matters.\n\nBlackened code looks the same regardless of the project you're reading. Formatting\nbecomes transparent after a while and you can focus on the content instead.\n\n_Black_ makes code review faster by producing the smallest diffs possible.\n\nTry it out now using the [Black Playground](https://black.vercel.app). Watch the\n[PyCon 2019 talk](https://youtu.be/esZLCuWs_2Y) to learn more.\n\n---\n\n**[Read the documentation on ReadTheDocs!](https://black.readthedocs.io/en/stable)**\n\n---\n\n## Installation and usage\n\n### Installation\n\n_Black_ can be installed by running `pip install black`. It requires Python 3.7+ to run.\nIf you want to format Jupyter Notebooks, install with `pip install 'black[jupyter]'`.\n\nIf you can't wait for the latest _hotness_ and want to install from GitHub, use:\n\n`pip install git+https://github.com/psf/black`\n\n### Usage\n\nTo get started right away with sensible defaults:\n\n```sh\nblack {source_file_or_directory}\n```\n\nYou can run _Black_ as a package if running it as a script doesn't work:\n\n```sh\npython -m black {source_file_or_directory}\n```\n\nFurther information can be found in our docs:\n\n- [Usage and Configuration](https://black.readthedocs.io/en/stable/usage_and_configuration/index.html)\n\n_Black_ is already [successfully used](https://github.com/psf/black#used-by) by many\nprojects, small and big. _Black_ has a comprehensive test suite, with efficient parallel\ntests, and our own auto formatting and parallel Continuous Integration runner. Now that\nwe have become stable, you should not expect large formatting to changes in the future.\nStylistic changes will mostly be responses to bug reports and support for new Python\nsyntax. For more information please refer to the\n[The Black Code Style](https://black.readthedocs.io/en/stable/the_black_code_style/index.html).\n\nAlso, as a safety measure which slows down processing, _Black_ will check that the\nreformatted code still produces a valid AST that is effectively equivalent to the\noriginal (see the\n[Pragmatism](https://black.readthedocs.io/en/stable/the_black_code_style/current_style.html#ast-before-and-after-formatting)\nsection for details). If you're feeling confident, use `--fast`.\n\n## The _Black_ code style\n\n_Black_ is a PEP 8 compliant opinionated formatter. _Black_ reformats entire files in\nplace. Style configuration options are deliberately limited and rarely added. It doesn't\ntake previous formatting into account (see\n[Pragmatism](https://black.readthedocs.io/en/stable/the_black_code_style/current_style.html#pragmatism)\nfor exceptions).\n\nOur documentation covers the current _Black_ code style, but planned changes to it are\nalso documented. They're both worth taking a look:\n\n- [The _Black_ Code Style: Current style](https://black.readthedocs.io/en/stable/the_black_code_style/current_style.html)\n- [The _Black_ Code Style: Future style](https://black.readthedocs.io/en/stable/the_black_code_style/future_style.html)\n\nChanges to the _Black_ code style are bound by the Stability Policy:\n\n- [The _Black_ Code Style: Stability Policy](https://black.readthedocs.io/en/stable/the_black_code_style/index.html#stability-policy)\n\nPlease refer to this document before submitting an issue. What seems like a bug might be\nintended behaviour.\n\n### Pragmatism\n\nEarly versions of _Black_ used to be absolutist in some respects. They took after its\ninitial author. This was fine at the time as it made the implementation simpler and\nthere were not many users anyway. Not many edge cases were reported. As a mature tool,\n_Black_ does make some exceptions to rules it otherwise holds.\n\n- [The _Black_ code style: Pragmatism](https://black.readthedocs.io/en/stable/the_black_code_style/current_style.html#pragmatism)\n\nPlease refer to this document before submitting an issue just like with the document\nabove. What seems like a bug might be intended behaviour.\n\n## Configuration\n\n_Black_ is able to read project-specific default values for its command line options\nfrom a `pyproject.toml` file. This is especially useful for specifying custom\n`--include` and `--exclude`/`--force-exclude`/`--extend-exclude` patterns for your\nproject.\n\nYou can find more details in our documentation:\n\n- [The basics: Configuration via a file](https://black.readthedocs.io/en/stable/usage_and_configuration/the_basics.html#configuration-via-a-file)\n\nAnd if you're looking for more general configuration documentation:\n\n- [Usage and Configuration](https://black.readthedocs.io/en/stable/usage_and_configuration/index.html)\n\n**Pro-tip**: If you're asking yourself \"Do I need to configure anything?\" the answer is\n\"No\". _Black_ is all about sensible defaults. Applying those defaults will have your\ncode in compliance with many other _Black_ formatted projects.\n\n## Used by\n\nThe following notable open-source projects trust _Black_ with enforcing a consistent\ncode style: pytest, tox, Pyramid, Django, Django Channels, Hypothesis, attrs,\nSQLAlchemy, Poetry, PyPA applications (Warehouse, Bandersnatch, Pipenv, virtualenv),\npandas, Pillow, Twisted, LocalStack, every Datadog Agent Integration, Home Assistant,\nZulip, Kedro, OpenOA, FLORIS, ORBIT, WOMBAT, and many more.\n\nThe following organizations use _Black_: Facebook, Dropbox, KeepTruckin, Mozilla, Quora,\nDuolingo, QuantumBlack, Tesla.\n\nAre we missing anyone? Let us know.\n\n## Testimonials\n\n**Mike Bayer**, [author of `SQLAlchemy`](https://www.sqlalchemy.org/):\n\n> I can't think of any single tool in my entire programming career that has given me a\n> bigger productivity increase by its introduction. I can now do refactorings in about\n> 1% of the keystrokes that it would have taken me previously when we had no way for\n> code to format itself.\n\n**Dusty Phillips**,\n[writer](https://smile.amazon.com/s/ref=nb_sb_noss?url=search-alias%3Daps&field-keywords=dusty+phillips):\n\n> _Black_ is opinionated so you don't have to be.\n\n**Hynek Schlawack**, [creator of `attrs`](https://www.attrs.org/), core developer of\nTwisted and CPython:\n\n> An auto-formatter that doesn't suck is all I want for Xmas!\n\n**Carl Meyer**, [Django](https://www.djangoproject.com/) core developer:\n\n> At least the name is good.\n\n**Kenneth Reitz**, creator of [`requests`](https://requests.readthedocs.io/en/latest/)\nand [`pipenv`](https://readthedocs.org/projects/pipenv/):\n\n> This vastly improves the formatting of our code. Thanks a ton!\n\n## Show your style\n\nUse the badge in your project's README.md:\n\n```md\n[![Code style: black](https://img.shields.io/badge/code%20style-black-000000.svg)](https://github.com/psf/black)\n```\n\nUsing the badge in README.rst:\n\n```\n.. image:: https://img.shields.io/badge/code%20style-black-000000.svg\n    :target: https://github.com/psf/black\n```\n\nLooks like this:\n[![Code style: black](https://img.shields.io/badge/code%20style-black-000000.svg)](https://github.com/psf/black)\n\n## License\n\nMIT\n\n## Contributing\n\nWelcome! Happy to see you willing to make the project better. You can get started by\nreading this:\n\n- [Contributing: The basics](https://black.readthedocs.io/en/latest/contributing/the_basics.html)\n\nYou can also take a look at the rest of the contributing docs or talk with the\ndevelopers:\n\n- [Contributing documentation](https://black.readthedocs.io/en/latest/contributing/index.html)\n- [Chat on Discord](https://discord.gg/RtVdv86PrH)\n\n## Change log\n\nThe log has become rather long. It moved to its own file.\n\nSee [CHANGES](https://black.readthedocs.io/en/latest/change_log.html).\n\n## Authors\n\nThe author list is quite long nowadays, so it lives in its own file.\n\nSee [AUTHORS.md](./AUTHORS.md)\n\n## Code of Conduct\n\nEveryone participating in the _Black_ project, and in particular in the issue tracker,\npull requests, and social media activity, is expected to treat other people with respect\nand more generally to follow the guidelines articulated in the\n[Python Community Code of Conduct](https://www.python.org/psf/codeofconduct/).\n\nAt the same time, humor is encouraged. In fact, basic familiarity with Monty Python's\nFlying Circus is expected. We are not savages.\n\nAnd if you _really_ need to slap somebody, do it with a fish while dancing.\n# Change Log\n\n## Unreleased\n\n### Highlights\n\n<!-- Include any especially major or disruptive changes here -->\n\n### Stable style\n\n<!-- Changes that affect Black's stable style -->\n\n### Preview style\n\n<!-- Changes that affect Black's preview style -->\n\n### Configuration\n\n<!-- Changes to how Black can be configured -->\n\n### Packaging\n\n<!-- Changes to how Black is packaged, such as dependency requirements -->\n\n### Parser\n\n<!-- Changes to the parser or to version autodetection -->\n\n### Performance\n\n<!-- Changes that improve Black's performance. -->\n\n### Output\n\n<!-- Changes to Black's terminal output and error messages -->\n\n### _Blackd_\n\n<!-- Changes to blackd -->\n\n### Integrations\n\n<!-- For example, Docker, GitHub Actions, pre-commit, editors -->\n\n### Documentation\n\n<!-- Major changes to documentation and policies. Small docs changes\n     don't need a changelog entry. -->\n\n## 22.10.0\n\n### Highlights\n\n- Runtime support for Python 3.6 has been removed. Formatting 3.6 code will still be\n  supported until further notice.\n\n### Stable style\n\n- Fix a crash when `# fmt: on` is used on a different block level than `# fmt: off`\n  (#3281)\n\n### Preview style\n\n- Fix a crash when formatting some dicts with parenthesis-wrapped long string keys\n  (#3262)\n\n### Configuration\n\n- `.ipynb_checkpoints` directories are now excluded by default (#3293)\n- Add `--skip-source-first-line` / `-x` option to ignore the first line of source code\n  while formatting (#3299)\n\n### Packaging\n\n- Executables made with PyInstaller will no longer crash when formatting several files\n  at once on macOS. Native x86-64 executables for macOS are available once again.\n  (#3275)\n- Hatchling is now used as the build backend. This will not have any effect for users\n  who install Black with its wheels from PyPI. (#3233)\n- Faster compiled wheels are now available for CPython 3.11 (#3276)\n\n### _Blackd_\n\n- Windows style (CRLF) newlines will be preserved (#3257).\n\n### Integrations\n\n- Vim plugin: add flag (`g:black_preview`) to enable/disable the preview style (#3246)\n- Update GitHub Action to support formatting of Jupyter Notebook files via a `jupyter`\n  option (#3282)\n- Update GitHub Action to support use of version specifiers (e.g. `<23`) for Black\n  version (#3265)\n\n## 22.8.0\n\n### Highlights\n\n- Python 3.11 is now supported, except for _blackd_ as aiohttp does not support 3.11 as\n  of publishing (#3234)\n- This is the last release that supports running _Black_ on Python 3.6 (formatting 3.6\n  code will continue to be supported until further notice)\n- Reword the stability policy to say that we may, in rare cases, make changes that\n  affect code that was not previously formatted by _Black_ (#3155)\n\n### Stable style\n\n- Fix an infinite loop when using `# fmt: on/off` in the middle of an expression or code\n  block (#3158)\n- Fix incorrect handling of `# fmt: skip` on colon (`:`) lines (#3148)\n- Comments are no longer deleted when a line had spaces removed around power operators\n  (#2874)\n\n### Preview style\n\n- Single-character closing docstring quotes are no longer moved to their own line as\n  this is invalid. This was a bug introduced in version 22.6.0. (#3166)\n- `--skip-string-normalization` / `-S` now prevents docstring prefixes from being\n  normalized as expected (#3168)\n- When using `--skip-magic-trailing-comma` or `-C`, trailing commas are stripped from\n  subscript expressions with more than 1 element (#3209)\n- Implicitly concatenated strings inside a list, set, or tuple are now wrapped inside\n  parentheses (#3162)\n- Fix a string merging/split issue when a comment is present in the middle of implicitly\n  concatenated strings on its own line (#3227)\n\n### _Blackd_\n\n- `blackd` now supports enabling the preview style via the `X-Preview` header (#3217)\n\n### Configuration\n\n- Black now uses the presence of debug f-strings to detect target version (#3215)\n- Fix misdetection of project root and verbose logging of sources in cases involving\n  `--stdin-filename` (#3216)\n- Immediate `.gitignore` files in source directories given on the command line are now\n  also respected, previously only `.gitignore` files in the project root and\n  automatically discovered directories were respected (#3237)\n\n### Documentation\n\n- Recommend using BlackConnect in IntelliJ IDEs (#3150)\n\n### Integrations\n\n- Vim plugin: prefix messages with `Black: ` so it's clear they come from Black (#3194)\n- Docker: changed to a /opt/venv installation + added to PATH to be available to\n  non-root users (#3202)\n\n### Output\n\n- Change from deprecated `asyncio.get_event_loop()` to create our event loop which\n  removes DeprecationWarning (#3164)\n- Remove logging from internal `blib2to3` library since it regularly emits error logs\n  about failed caching that can and should be ignored (#3193)\n\n### Parser\n\n- Type comments are now included in the AST equivalence check consistently so accidental\n  deletion raises an error. Though type comments can't be tracked when running on PyPy\n  3.7 due to standard library limitations. (#2874)\n\n### Performance\n\n- Reduce Black's startup time when formatting a single file by 15-30% (#3211)\n\n## 22.6.0\n\n### Style\n\n- Fix unstable formatting involving `#fmt: skip` and `# fmt:skip` comments (notice the\n  lack of spaces) (#2970)\n\n### Preview style\n\n- Docstring quotes are no longer moved if it would violate the line length limit (#3044)\n- Parentheses around return annotations are now managed (#2990)\n- Remove unnecessary parentheses around awaited objects (#2991)\n- Remove unnecessary parentheses in `with` statements (#2926)\n- Remove trailing newlines after code block open (#3035)\n\n### Integrations\n\n- Add `scripts/migrate-black.py` script to ease introduction of Black to a Git project\n  (#3038)\n\n### Output\n\n- Output Python version and implementation as part of `--version` flag (#2997)\n\n### Packaging\n\n- Use `tomli` instead of `tomllib` on Python 3.11 builds where `tomllib` is not\n  available (#2987)\n\n### Parser\n\n- [PEP 654](https://peps.python.org/pep-0654/#except) syntax (for example,\n  `except *ExceptionGroup:`) is now supported (#3016)\n- [PEP 646](https://peps.python.org/pep-0646) syntax (for example,\n  `Array[Batch, *Shape]` or `def fn(*args: *T) -> None`) is now supported (#3071)\n\n### Vim Plugin\n\n- Fix `strtobool` function. It didn't parse true/on/false/off. (#3025)\n\n## 22.3.0\n\n### Preview style\n\n- Code cell separators `#%%` are now standardised to `# %%` (#2919)\n- Remove unnecessary parentheses from `except` statements (#2939)\n- Remove unnecessary parentheses from tuple unpacking in `for` loops (#2945)\n- Avoid magic-trailing-comma in single-element subscripts (#2942)\n\n### Configuration\n\n- Do not format `__pypackages__` directories by default (#2836)\n- Add support for specifying stable version with `--required-version` (#2832).\n- Avoid crashing when the user has no homedir (#2814)\n- Avoid crashing when md5 is not available (#2905)\n- Fix handling of directory junctions on Windows (#2904)\n\n### Documentation\n\n- Update pylint config documentation (#2931)\n\n### Integrations\n\n- Move test to disable plugin in Vim/Neovim, which speeds up loading (#2896)\n\n### Output\n\n- In verbose mode, log when _Black_ is using user-level config (#2861)\n\n### Packaging\n\n- Fix Black to work with Click 8.1.0 (#2966)\n- On Python 3.11 and newer, use the standard library's `tomllib` instead of `tomli`\n  (#2903)\n- `black-primer`, the deprecated internal devtool, has been removed and copied to a\n  [separate repository](https://github.com/cooperlees/black-primer) (#2924)\n\n### Parser\n\n- Black can now parse starred expressions in the target of `for` and `async for`\n  statements, e.g `for item in *items_1, *items_2: pass` (#2879).\n\n## 22.1.0\n\nAt long last, _Black_ is no longer a beta product! This is the first non-beta release\nand the first release covered by our new\n[stability policy](https://black.readthedocs.io/en/stable/the_black_code_style/index.html#stability-policy).\n\n### Highlights\n\n- **Remove Python 2 support** (#2740)\n- Introduce the `--preview` flag (#2752)\n\n### Style\n\n- Deprecate `--experimental-string-processing` and move the functionality under\n  `--preview` (#2789)\n- For stubs, one blank line between class attributes and methods is now kept if there's\n  at least one pre-existing blank line (#2736)\n- Black now normalizes string prefix order (#2297)\n- Remove spaces around power operators if both operands are simple (#2726)\n- Work around bug that causes unstable formatting in some cases in the presence of the\n  magic trailing comma (#2807)\n- Use parentheses for attribute access on decimal float and int literals (#2799)\n- Don't add whitespace for attribute access on hexadecimal, binary, octal, and complex\n  literals (#2799)\n- Treat blank lines in stubs the same inside top-level `if` statements (#2820)\n- Fix unstable formatting with semicolons and arithmetic expressions (#2817)\n- Fix unstable formatting around magic trailing comma (#2572)\n\n### Parser\n\n- Fix mapping cases that contain as-expressions, like `case {\"key\": 1 | 2 as password}`\n  (#2686)\n- Fix cases that contain multiple top-level as-expressions, like `case 1 as a, 2 as b`\n  (#2716)\n- Fix call patterns that contain as-expressions with keyword arguments, like\n  `case Foo(bar=baz as quux)` (#2749)\n- Tuple unpacking on `return` and `yield` constructs now implies 3.8+ (#2700)\n- Unparenthesized tuples on annotated assignments (e.g\n  `values: Tuple[int, ...] = 1, 2, 3`) now implies 3.8+ (#2708)\n- Fix handling of standalone `match()` or `case()` when there is a trailing newline or a\n  comment inside of the parentheses. (#2760)\n- `from __future__ import annotations` statement now implies Python 3.7+ (#2690)\n\n### Performance\n\n- Speed-up the new backtracking parser about 4X in general (enabled when\n  `--target-version` is set to 3.10 and higher). (#2728)\n- _Black_ is now compiled with [mypyc](https://github.com/mypyc/mypyc) for an overall 2x\n  speed-up. 64-bit Windows, MacOS, and Linux (not including musl) are supported. (#1009,\n  #2431)\n\n### Configuration\n\n- Do not accept bare carriage return line endings in pyproject.toml (#2408)\n- Add configuration option (`python-cell-magics`) to format cells with custom magics in\n  Jupyter Notebooks (#2744)\n- Allow setting custom cache directory on all platforms with environment variable\n  `BLACK_CACHE_DIR` (#2739).\n- Enable Python 3.10+ by default, without any extra need to specify\n  `--target-version=py310`. (#2758)\n- Make passing `SRC` or `--code` mandatory and mutually exclusive (#2804)\n\n### Output\n\n- Improve error message for invalid regular expression (#2678)\n- Improve error message when parsing fails during AST safety check by embedding the\n  underlying SyntaxError (#2693)\n- No longer color diff headers white as it's unreadable in light themed terminals\n  (#2691)\n- Text coloring added in the final statistics (#2712)\n- Verbose mode also now describes how a project root was discovered and which paths will\n  be formatted. (#2526)\n\n### Packaging\n\n- All upper version bounds on dependencies have been removed (#2718)\n- `typing-extensions` is no longer a required dependency in Python 3.10+ (#2772)\n- Set `click` lower bound to `8.0.0` (#2791)\n\n### Integrations\n\n- Update GitHub action to support containerized runs (#2748)\n\n### Documentation\n\n- Change protocol in pip installation instructions to `https://` (#2761)\n- Change HTML theme to Furo primarily for its responsive design and mobile support\n  (#2793)\n- Deprecate the `black-primer` tool (#2809)\n- Document Python support policy (#2819)\n\n## 21.12b0\n\n### _Black_\n\n- Fix determination of f-string expression spans (#2654)\n- Fix bad formatting of error messages about EOF in multi-line statements (#2343)\n- Functions and classes in blocks now have more consistent surrounding spacing (#2472)\n\n#### Jupyter Notebook support\n\n- Cell magics are now only processed if they are known Python cell magics. Earlier, all\n  cell magics were tokenized, leading to possible indentation errors e.g. with\n  `%%writefile`. (#2630)\n- Fix assignment to environment variables in Jupyter Notebooks (#2642)\n\n#### Python 3.10 support\n\n- Point users to using `--target-version py310` if we detect 3.10-only syntax (#2668)\n- Fix `match` statements with open sequence subjects, like `match a, b:` or\n  `match a, *b:` (#2639) (#2659)\n- Fix `match`/`case` statements that contain `match`/`case` soft keywords multiple\n  times, like `match re.match()` (#2661)\n- Fix `case` statements with an inline body (#2665)\n- Fix styling of starred expressions inside `match` subject (#2667)\n- Fix parser error location on invalid syntax in a `match` statement (#2649)\n- Fix Python 3.10 support on platforms without ProcessPoolExecutor (#2631)\n- Improve parsing performance on code that uses `match` under `--target-version py310`\n  up to ~50% (#2670)\n\n### Packaging\n\n- Remove dependency on `regex` (#2644) (#2663)\n\n## 21.11b1\n\n### _Black_\n\n- Bumped regex version minimum to 2021.4.4 to fix Pattern class usage (#2621)\n\n## 21.11b0\n\n### _Black_\n\n- Warn about Python 2 deprecation in more cases by improving Python 2 only syntax\n  detection (#2592)\n- Add experimental PyPy support (#2559)\n- Add partial support for the match statement. As it's experimental, it's only enabled\n  when `--target-version py310` is explicitly specified (#2586)\n- Add support for parenthesized with (#2586)\n- Declare support for Python 3.10 for running Black (#2562)\n\n### Integrations\n\n- Fixed vim plugin with Python 3.10 by removing deprecated distutils import (#2610)\n- The vim plugin now parses `skip_magic_trailing_comma` from pyproject.toml (#2613)\n\n## 21.10b0\n\n### _Black_\n\n- Document stability policy, that will apply for non-beta releases (#2529)\n- Add new `--workers` parameter (#2514)\n- Fixed feature detection for positional-only arguments in lambdas (#2532)\n- Bumped typed-ast version minimum to 1.4.3 for 3.10 compatibility (#2519)\n- Fixed a Python 3.10 compatibility issue where the loop argument was still being passed\n  even though it has been removed (#2580)\n- Deprecate Python 2 formatting support (#2523)\n\n### _Blackd_\n\n- Remove dependency on aiohttp-cors (#2500)\n- Bump required aiohttp version to 3.7.4 (#2509)\n\n### _Black-Primer_\n\n- Add primer support for --projects (#2555)\n- Print primer summary after individual failures (#2570)\n\n### Integrations\n\n- Allow to pass `target_version` in the vim plugin (#1319)\n- Install build tools in docker file and use multi-stage build to keep the image size\n  down (#2582)\n\n## 21.9b0\n\n### Packaging\n\n- Fix missing modules in self-contained binaries (#2466)\n- Fix missing toml extra used during installation (#2475)\n\n## 21.8b0\n\n### _Black_\n\n- Add support for formatting Jupyter Notebook files (#2357)\n- Move from `appdirs` dependency to `platformdirs` (#2375)\n- Present a more user-friendly error if .gitignore is invalid (#2414)\n- The failsafe for accidentally added backslashes in f-string expressions has been\n  hardened to handle more edge cases during quote normalization (#2437)\n- Avoid changing a function return type annotation's type to a tuple by adding a\n  trailing comma (#2384)\n- Parsing support has been added for unparenthesized walruses in set literals, set\n  comprehensions, and indices (#2447).\n- Pin `setuptools-scm` build-time dependency version (#2457)\n- Exclude typing-extensions version 3.10.0.1 due to it being broken on Python 3.10\n  (#2460)\n\n### _Blackd_\n\n- Replace sys.exit(-1) with raise ImportError as it plays more nicely with tools that\n  scan installed packages (#2440)\n\n### Integrations\n\n- The provided pre-commit hooks no longer specify `language_version` to avoid overriding\n  `default_language_version` (#2430)\n\n## 21.7b0\n\n### _Black_\n\n- Configuration files using TOML features higher than spec v0.5.0 are now supported\n  (#2301)\n- Add primer support and test for code piped into black via STDIN (#2315)\n- Fix internal error when `FORCE_OPTIONAL_PARENTHESES` feature is enabled (#2332)\n- Accept empty stdin (#2346)\n- Provide a more useful error when parsing fails during AST safety checks (#2304)\n\n### Docker\n\n- Add new `latest_release` tag automation to follow latest black release on docker\n  images (#2374)\n\n### Integrations\n\n- The vim plugin now searches upwards from the directory containing the current buffer\n  instead of the current working directory for pyproject.toml. (#1871)\n- The vim plugin now reads the correct string normalization option in pyproject.toml\n  (#1869)\n- The vim plugin no longer crashes Black when there's boolean values in pyproject.toml\n  (#1869)\n\n## 21.6b0\n\n### _Black_\n\n- Fix failure caused by `fmt: skip` and indentation (#2281)\n- Account for += assignment when deciding whether to split string (#2312)\n- Correct max string length calculation when there are string operators (#2292)\n- Fixed option usage when using the `--code` flag (#2259)\n- Do not call `uvloop.install()` when _Black_ is used as a library (#2303)\n- Added `--required-version` option to require a specific version to be running (#2300)\n- Fix incorrect custom breakpoint indices when string group contains fake f-strings\n  (#2311)\n- Fix regression where `R` prefixes would be lowercased for docstrings (#2285)\n- Fix handling of named escapes (`\\N{...}`) when `--experimental-string-processing` is\n  used (#2319)\n\n### Integrations\n\n- The official Black action now supports choosing what version to use, and supports the\n  major 3 OSes. (#1940)\n\n## 21.5b2\n\n### _Black_\n\n- A space is no longer inserted into empty docstrings (#2249)\n- Fix handling of .gitignore files containing non-ASCII characters on Windows (#2229)\n- Respect `.gitignore` files in all levels, not only `root/.gitignore` file (apply\n  `.gitignore` rules like `git` does) (#2225)\n- Restored compatibility with Click 8.0 on Python 3.6 when LANG=C used (#2227)\n- Add extra uvloop install + import support if in python env (#2258)\n- Fix --experimental-string-processing crash when matching parens are not found (#2283)\n- Make sure to split lines that start with a string operator (#2286)\n- Fix regular expression that black uses to identify f-expressions (#2287)\n\n### _Blackd_\n\n- Add a lower bound for the `aiohttp-cors` dependency. Only 0.4.0 or higher is\n  supported. (#2231)\n\n### Packaging\n\n- Release self-contained x86_64 MacOS binaries as part of the GitHub release pipeline\n  (#2198)\n- Always build binaries with the latest available Python (#2260)\n\n### Documentation\n\n- Add discussion of magic comments to FAQ page (#2272)\n- `--experimental-string-processing` will be enabled by default in the future (#2273)\n- Fix typos discovered by codespell (#2228)\n- Fix Vim plugin installation instructions. (#2235)\n- Add new Frequently Asked Questions page (#2247)\n- Fix encoding + symlink issues preventing proper build on Windows (#2262)\n\n## 21.5b1\n\n### _Black_\n\n- Refactor `src/black/__init__.py` into many files (#2206)\n\n### Documentation\n\n- Replaced all remaining references to the\n  [`master`](https://github.com/psf/black/tree/main) branch with the\n  [`main`](https://github.com/psf/black/tree/main) branch. Some additional changes in\n  the source code were also made. (#2210)\n- Sigificantly reorganized the documentation to make much more sense. Check them out by\n  heading over to [the stable docs on RTD](https://black.readthedocs.io/en/stable/).\n  (#2174)\n\n## 21.5b0\n\n### _Black_\n\n- Set `--pyi` mode if `--stdin-filename` ends in `.pyi` (#2169)\n- Stop detecting target version as Python 3.9+ with pre-PEP-614 decorators that are\n  being called but with no arguments (#2182)\n\n### _Black-Primer_\n\n- Add `--no-diff` to black-primer to suppress formatting changes (#2187)\n\n## 21.4b2\n\n### _Black_\n\n- Fix crash if the user configuration directory is inaccessible. (#2158)\n\n- Clarify\n  [circumstances](https://github.com/psf/black/blob/master/docs/the_black_code_style.md#pragmatism)\n  in which _Black_ may change the AST (#2159)\n\n- Allow `.gitignore` rules to be overridden by specifying `exclude` in `pyproject.toml`\n  or on the command line. (#2170)\n\n### _Packaging_\n\n- Install `primer.json` (used by `black-primer` by default) with black. (#2154)\n\n## 21.4b1\n\n### _Black_\n\n- Fix crash on docstrings ending with \"\\\\ \". (#2142)\n\n- Fix crash when atypical whitespace is cleaned out of dostrings (#2120)\n\n- Reflect the `--skip-magic-trailing-comma` and `--experimental-string-processing` flags\n  in the name of the cache file. Without this fix, changes in these flags would not take\n  effect if the cache had already been populated. (#2131)\n\n- Don't remove necessary parentheses from assignment expression containing assert /\n  return statements. (#2143)\n\n### _Packaging_\n\n- Bump pathspec to >= 0.8.1 to solve invalid .gitignore exclusion handling\n\n## 21.4b0\n\n### _Black_\n\n- Fixed a rare but annoying formatting instability created by the combination of\n  optional trailing commas inserted by `Black` and optional parentheses looking at\n  pre-existing \"magic\" trailing commas. This fixes issue #1629 and all of its many many\n  duplicates. (#2126)\n\n- `Black` now processes one-line docstrings by stripping leading and trailing spaces,\n  and adding a padding space when needed to break up \"\"\"\". (#1740)\n\n- `Black` now cleans up leading non-breaking spaces in comments (#2092)\n\n- `Black` now respects `--skip-string-normalization` when normalizing multiline\n  docstring quotes (#1637)\n\n- `Black` no longer removes all empty lines between non-function code and decorators\n  when formatting typing stubs. Now `Black` enforces a single empty line. (#1646)\n\n- `Black` no longer adds an incorrect space after a parenthesized assignment expression\n  in if/while statements (#1655)\n\n- Added `--skip-magic-trailing-comma` / `-C` to avoid using trailing commas as a reason\n  to split lines (#1824)\n\n- fixed a crash when PWD=/ on POSIX (#1631)\n\n- fixed \"I/O operation on closed file\" when using --diff (#1664)\n\n- Prevent coloured diff output being interleaved with multiple files (#1673)\n\n- Added support for PEP 614 relaxed decorator syntax on python 3.9 (#1711)\n\n- Added parsing support for unparenthesized tuples and yield expressions in annotated\n  assignments (#1835)\n\n- added `--extend-exclude` argument (PR #2005)\n\n- speed up caching by avoiding pathlib (#1950)\n\n- `--diff` correctly indicates when a file doesn't end in a newline (#1662)\n\n- Added `--stdin-filename` argument to allow stdin to respect `--force-exclude` rules\n  (#1780)\n\n- Lines ending with `fmt: skip` will now be not formatted (#1800)\n\n- PR #2053: Black no longer relies on typed-ast for Python 3.8 and higher\n\n- PR #2053: Python 2 support is now optional, install with\n  `python3 -m pip install black[python2]` to maintain support.\n\n- Exclude `venv` directory by default (#1683)\n\n- Fixed \"Black produced code that is not equivalent to the source\" when formatting\n  Python 2 docstrings (#2037)\n\n### _Packaging_\n\n- Self-contained native _Black_ binaries are now provided for releases via GitHub\n  Releases (#1743)\n\n## 20.8b1\n\n### _Packaging_\n\n- explicitly depend on Click 7.1.2 or newer as `Black` no longer works with versions\n  older than 7.0\n\n## 20.8b0\n\n### _Black_\n\n- re-implemented support for explicit trailing commas: now it works consistently within\n  any bracket pair, including nested structures (#1288 and duplicates)\n\n- `Black` now reindents docstrings when reindenting code around it (#1053)\n\n- `Black` now shows colored diffs (#1266)\n\n- `Black` is now packaged using 'py3' tagged wheels (#1388)\n\n- `Black` now supports Python 3.8 code, e.g. star expressions in return statements\n  (#1121)\n\n- `Black` no longer normalizes capital R-string prefixes as those have a\n  community-accepted meaning (#1244)\n\n- `Black` now uses exit code 2 when specified configuration file doesn't exit (#1361)\n\n- `Black` now works on AWS Lambda (#1141)\n\n- added `--force-exclude` argument (#1032)\n\n- removed deprecated `--py36` option (#1236)\n\n- fixed `--diff` output when EOF is encountered (#526)\n\n- fixed `# fmt: off` handling around decorators (#560)\n\n- fixed unstable formatting with some `# type: ignore` comments (#1113)\n\n- fixed invalid removal on organizing brackets followed by indexing (#1575)\n\n- introduced `black-primer`, a CI tool that allows us to run regression tests against\n  existing open source users of Black (#1402)\n\n- introduced property-based fuzzing to our test suite based on Hypothesis and\n  Hypothersmith (#1566)\n\n- implemented experimental and disabled by default long string rewrapping (#1132),\n  hidden under a `--experimental-string-processing` flag while it's being worked on;\n  this is an undocumented and unsupported feature, you lose Internet points for\n  depending on it (#1609)\n\n### Vim plugin\n\n- prefer virtualenv packages over global packages (#1383)\n\n## 19.10b0\n\n- added support for PEP 572 assignment expressions (#711)\n\n- added support for PEP 570 positional-only arguments (#943)\n\n- added support for async generators (#593)\n\n- added support for pre-splitting collections by putting an explicit trailing comma\n  inside (#826)\n\n- added `black -c` as a way to format code passed from the command line (#761)\n\n- --safe now works with Python 2 code (#840)\n\n- fixed grammar selection for Python 2-specific code (#765)\n\n- fixed feature detection for trailing commas in function definitions and call sites\n  (#763)\n\n- `# fmt: off`/`# fmt: on` comment pairs placed multiple times within the same block of\n  code now behave correctly (#1005)\n\n- _Black_ no longer crashes on Windows machines with more than 61 cores (#838)\n\n- _Black_ no longer crashes on standalone comments prepended with a backslash (#767)\n\n- _Black_ no longer crashes on `from` ... `import` blocks with comments (#829)\n\n- _Black_ no longer crashes on Python 3.7 on some platform configurations (#494)\n\n- _Black_ no longer fails on comments in from-imports (#671)\n\n- _Black_ no longer fails when the file starts with a backslash (#922)\n\n- _Black_ no longer merges regular comments with type comments (#1027)\n\n- _Black_ no longer splits long lines that contain type comments (#997)\n\n- removed unnecessary parentheses around `yield` expressions (#834)\n\n- added parentheses around long tuples in unpacking assignments (#832)\n\n- added parentheses around complex powers when they are prefixed by a unary operator\n  (#646)\n\n- fixed bug that led _Black_ format some code with a line length target of 1 (#762)\n\n- _Black_ no longer introduces quotes in f-string subexpressions on string boundaries\n  (#863)\n\n- if _Black_ puts parenthesis around a single expression, it moves comments to the\n  wrapped expression instead of after the brackets (#872)\n\n- `blackd` now returns the version of _Black_ in the response headers (#1013)\n\n- `blackd` can now output the diff of formats on source code when the `X-Diff` header is\n  provided (#969)\n\n## 19.3b0\n\n- new option `--target-version` to control which Python versions _Black_-formatted code\n  should target (#618)\n\n- deprecated `--py36` (use `--target-version=py36` instead) (#724)\n\n- _Black_ no longer normalizes numeric literals to include `_` separators (#696)\n\n- long `del` statements are now split into multiple lines (#698)\n\n- type comments are no longer mangled in function signatures\n\n- improved performance of formatting deeply nested data structures (#509)\n\n- _Black_ now properly formats multiple files in parallel on Windows (#632)\n\n- _Black_ now creates cache files atomically which allows it to be used in parallel\n  pipelines (like `xargs -P8`) (#673)\n\n- _Black_ now correctly indents comments in files that were previously formatted with\n  tabs (#262)\n\n- `blackd` now supports CORS (#622)\n\n## 18.9b0\n\n- numeric literals are now formatted by _Black_ (#452, #461, #464, #469):\n\n  - numeric literals are normalized to include `_` separators on Python 3.6+ code\n\n  - added `--skip-numeric-underscore-normalization` to disable the above behavior and\n    leave numeric underscores as they were in the input\n\n  - code with `_` in numeric literals is recognized as Python 3.6+\n\n  - most letters in numeric literals are lowercased (e.g., in `1e10`, `0x01`)\n\n  - hexadecimal digits are always uppercased (e.g. `0xBADC0DE`)\n\n- added `blackd`, see\n  [its documentation](https://github.com/psf/black/blob/18.9b0/README.md#blackd) for\n  more info (#349)\n\n- adjacent string literals are now correctly split into multiple lines (#463)\n\n- trailing comma is now added to single imports that don't fit on a line (#250)\n\n- cache is now populated when `--check` is successful for a file which speeds up\n  consecutive checks of properly formatted unmodified files (#448)\n\n- whitespace at the beginning of the file is now removed (#399)\n\n- fixed mangling [pweave](http://mpastell.com/pweave/) and\n  [Spyder IDE](https://www.spyder-ide.org/) special comments (#532)\n\n- fixed unstable formatting when unpacking big tuples (#267)\n\n- fixed parsing of `__future__` imports with renames (#389)\n\n- fixed scope of `# fmt: off` when directly preceding `yield` and other nodes (#385)\n\n- fixed formatting of lambda expressions with default arguments (#468)\n\n- fixed `async for` statements: _Black_ no longer breaks them into separate lines (#372)\n\n- note: the Vim plugin stopped registering `,=` as a default chord as it turned out to\n  be a bad idea (#415)\n\n## 18.6b4\n\n- hotfix: don't freeze when multiple comments directly precede `# fmt: off` (#371)\n\n## 18.6b3\n\n- typing stub files (`.pyi`) now have blank lines added after constants (#340)\n\n- `# fmt: off` and `# fmt: on` are now much more dependable:\n\n  - they now work also within bracket pairs (#329)\n\n  - they now correctly work across function/class boundaries (#335)\n\n  - they now work when an indentation block starts with empty lines or misaligned\n    comments (#334)\n\n- made Click not fail on invalid environments; note that Click is right but the\n  likelihood we'll need to access non-ASCII file paths when dealing with Python source\n  code is low (#277)\n\n- fixed improper formatting of f-strings with quotes inside interpolated expressions\n  (#322)\n\n- fixed unnecessary slowdown when long list literals where found in a file\n\n- fixed unnecessary slowdown on AST nodes with very many siblings\n\n- fixed cannibalizing backslashes during string normalization\n\n- fixed a crash due to symbolic links pointing outside of the project directory (#338)\n\n## 18.6b2\n\n- added `--config` (#65)\n\n- added `-h` equivalent to `--help` (#316)\n\n- fixed improper unmodified file caching when `-S` was used\n\n- fixed extra space in string unpacking (#305)\n\n- fixed formatting of empty triple quoted strings (#313)\n\n- fixed unnecessary slowdown in comment placement calculation on lines without comments\n\n## 18.6b1\n\n- hotfix: don't output human-facing information on stdout (#299)\n\n- hotfix: don't output cake emoji on non-zero return code (#300)\n\n## 18.6b0\n\n- added `--include` and `--exclude` (#270)\n\n- added `--skip-string-normalization` (#118)\n\n- added `--verbose` (#283)\n\n- the header output in `--diff` now actually conforms to the unified diff spec\n\n- fixed long trivial assignments being wrapped in unnecessary parentheses (#273)\n\n- fixed unnecessary parentheses when a line contained multiline strings (#232)\n\n- fixed stdin handling not working correctly if an old version of Click was used (#276)\n\n- _Black_ now preserves line endings when formatting a file in place (#258)\n\n## 18.5b1\n\n- added `--pyi` (#249)\n\n- added `--py36` (#249)\n\n- Python grammar pickle caches are stored with the formatting caches, making _Black_\n  work in environments where site-packages is not user-writable (#192)\n\n- _Black_ now enforces a PEP 257 empty line after a class-level docstring (and/or\n  fields) and the first method\n\n- fixed invalid code produced when standalone comments were present in a trailer that\n  was omitted from line splitting on a large expression (#237)\n\n- fixed optional parentheses being removed within `# fmt: off` sections (#224)\n\n- fixed invalid code produced when stars in very long imports were incorrectly wrapped\n  in optional parentheses (#234)\n\n- fixed unstable formatting when inline comments were moved around in a trailer that was\n  omitted from line splitting on a large expression (#238)\n\n- fixed extra empty line between a class declaration and the first method if no class\n  docstring or fields are present (#219)\n\n- fixed extra empty line between a function signature and an inner function or inner\n  class (#196)\n\n## 18.5b0\n\n- call chains are now formatted according to the\n  [fluent interfaces](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluent_interface) style (#67)\n\n- data structure literals (tuples, lists, dictionaries, and sets) are now also always\n  exploded like imports when they don't fit in a single line (#152)\n\n- slices are now formatted according to PEP 8 (#178)\n\n- parentheses are now also managed automatically on the right-hand side of assignments\n  and return statements (#140)\n\n- math operators now use their respective priorities for delimiting multiline\n  expressions (#148)\n\n- optional parentheses are now omitted on expressions that start or end with a bracket\n  and only contain a single operator (#177)\n\n- empty parentheses in a class definition are now removed (#145, #180)\n\n- string prefixes are now standardized to lowercase and `u` is removed on Python 3.6+\n  only code and Python 2.7+ code with the `unicode_literals` future import (#188, #198,\n  #199)\n\n- typing stub files (`.pyi`) are now formatted in a style that is consistent with PEP\n  484 (#207, #210)\n\n- progress when reformatting many files is now reported incrementally\n\n- fixed trailers (content with brackets) being unnecessarily exploded into their own\n  lines after a dedented closing bracket (#119)\n\n- fixed an invalid trailing comma sometimes left in imports (#185)\n\n- fixed non-deterministic formatting when multiple pairs of removable parentheses were\n  used (#183)\n\n- fixed multiline strings being unnecessarily wrapped in optional parentheses in long\n  assignments (#215)\n\n- fixed not splitting long from-imports with only a single name\n\n- fixed Python 3.6+ file discovery by also looking at function calls with unpacking.\n  This fixed non-deterministic formatting if trailing commas where used both in function\n  signatures with stars and function calls with stars but the former would be\n  reformatted to a single line.\n\n- fixed crash on dealing with optional parentheses (#193)\n\n- fixed \"is\", \"is not\", \"in\", and \"not in\" not considered operators for splitting\n  purposes\n\n- fixed crash when dead symlinks where encountered\n\n## 18.4a4\n\n- don't populate the cache on `--check` (#175)\n\n## 18.4a3\n\n- added a \"cache\"; files already reformatted that haven't changed on disk won't be\n  reformatted again (#109)\n\n- `--check` and `--diff` are no longer mutually exclusive (#149)\n\n- generalized star expression handling, including double stars; this fixes\n  multiplication making expressions \"unsafe\" for trailing commas (#132)\n\n- _Black_ no longer enforces putting empty lines behind control flow statements (#90)\n\n- _Black_ now splits imports like \"Mode 3 + trailing comma\" of isort (#127)\n\n- fixed comment indentation when a standalone comment closes a block (#16, #32)\n\n- fixed standalone comments receiving extra empty lines if immediately preceding a\n  class, def, or decorator (#56, #154)\n\n- fixed `--diff` not showing entire path (#130)\n\n- fixed parsing of complex expressions after star and double stars in function calls\n  (#2)\n\n- fixed invalid splitting on comma in lambda arguments (#133)\n\n- fixed missing splits of ternary expressions (#141)\n\n## 18.4a2\n\n- fixed parsing of unaligned standalone comments (#99, #112)\n\n- fixed placement of dictionary unpacking inside dictionary literals (#111)\n\n- Vim plugin now works on Windows, too\n\n- fixed unstable formatting when encountering unnecessarily escaped quotes in a string\n  (#120)\n\n## 18.4a1\n\n- added `--quiet` (#78)\n\n- added automatic parentheses management (#4)\n\n- added [pre-commit](https://pre-commit.com) integration (#103, #104)\n\n- fixed reporting on `--check` with multiple files (#101, #102)\n\n- fixed removing backslash escapes from raw strings (#100, #105)\n\n## 18.4a0\n\n- added `--diff` (#87)\n\n- add line breaks before all delimiters, except in cases like commas, to better comply\n  with PEP 8 (#73)\n\n- standardize string literals to use double quotes (almost) everywhere (#75)\n\n- fixed handling of standalone comments within nested bracketed expressions; _Black_\n  will no longer produce super long lines or put all standalone comments at the end of\n  the expression (#22)\n\n- fixed 18.3a4 regression: don't crash and burn on empty lines with trailing whitespace\n  (#80)\n\n- fixed 18.3a4 regression: `# yapf: disable` usage as trailing comment would cause\n  _Black_ to not emit the rest of the file (#95)\n\n- when CTRL+C is pressed while formatting many files, _Black_ no longer freaks out with\n  a flurry of asyncio-related exceptions\n\n- only allow up to two empty lines on module level and only single empty lines within\n  functions (#74)\n\n## 18.3a4\n\n- `# fmt: off` and `# fmt: on` are implemented (#5)\n\n- automatic detection of deprecated Python 2 forms of print statements and exec\n  statements in the formatted file (#49)\n\n- use proper spaces for complex expressions in default values of typed function\n  arguments (#60)\n\n- only return exit code 1 when --check is used (#50)\n\n- don't remove single trailing commas from square bracket indexing (#59)\n\n- don't omit whitespace if the previous factor leaf wasn't a math operator (#55)\n\n- omit extra space in kwarg unpacking if it's the first argument (#46)\n\n- omit extra space in\n  [Sphinx auto-attribute comments](http://www.sphinx-doc.org/en/stable/ext/autodoc.html#directive-autoattribute)\n  (#68)\n\n## 18.3a3\n\n- don't remove single empty lines outside of bracketed expressions (#19)\n\n- added ability to pipe formatting from stdin to stdin (#25)\n\n- restored ability to format code with legacy usage of `async` as a name (#20, #42)\n\n- even better handling of numpy-style array indexing (#33, again)\n\n## 18.3a2\n\n- changed positioning of binary operators to occur at beginning of lines instead of at\n  the end, following\n  [a recent change to PEP 8](https://github.com/python/peps/commit/c59c4376ad233a62ca4b3a6060c81368bd21e85b)\n  (#21)\n\n- ignore empty bracket pairs while splitting. This avoids very weirdly looking\n  formattings (#34, #35)\n\n- remove a trailing comma if there is a single argument to a call\n\n- if top level functions were separated by a comment, don't put four empty lines after\n  the upper function\n\n- fixed unstable formatting of newlines with imports\n\n- fixed unintentional folding of post scriptum standalone comments into last statement\n  if it was a simple statement (#18, #28)\n\n- fixed missing space in numpy-style array indexing (#33)\n\n- fixed spurious space after star-based unary expressions (#31)\n\n## 18.3a1\n\n- added `--check`\n\n- only put trailing commas in function signatures and calls if it's safe to do so. If\n  the file is Python 3.6+ it's always safe, otherwise only safe if there are no `*args`\n  or `**kwargs` used in the signature or call. (#8)\n\n- fixed invalid spacing of dots in relative imports (#6, #13)\n\n- fixed invalid splitting after comma on unpacked variables in for-loops (#23)\n\n- fixed spurious space in parenthesized set expressions (#7)\n\n- fixed spurious space after opening parentheses and in default arguments (#14, #17)\n\n- fixed spurious space after unary operators when the operand was a complex expression\n  (#15)\n\n## 18.3a0\n\n- first published version, Happy 🍰 Day 2018!\n\n- alpha quality\n\n- date-versioned (see: <https://calver.org/>)\n"
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        "description": "\\$ click\\_\n==========\n\nClick is a Python package for creating beautiful command line interfaces\nin a composable way with as little code as necessary. It's the \"Command\nLine Interface Creation Kit\". It's highly configurable but comes with\nsensible defaults out of the box.\n\nIt aims to make the process of writing command line tools quick and fun\nwhile also preventing any frustration caused by the inability to\nimplement an intended CLI API.\n\nClick in three points:\n\n-   Arbitrary nesting of commands\n-   Automatic help page generation\n-   Supports lazy loading of subcommands at runtime\n\n\nInstalling\n----------\n\nInstall and update using `pip`_:\n\n.. code-block:: text\n\n    $ pip install -U click\n\n.. _pip: https://pip.pypa.io/en/stable/getting-started/\n\n\nA Simple Example\n----------------\n\n.. code-block:: python\n\n    import click\n\n    @click.command()\n    @click.option(\"--count\", default=1, help=\"Number of greetings.\")\n    @click.option(\"--name\", prompt=\"Your name\", help=\"The person to greet.\")\n    def hello(count, name):\n        \"\"\"Simple program that greets NAME for a total of COUNT times.\"\"\"\n        for _ in range(count):\n            click.echo(f\"Hello, {name}!\")\n\n    if __name__ == '__main__':\n        hello()\n\n.. code-block:: text\n\n    $ python hello.py --count=3\n    Your name: Click\n    Hello, Click!\n    Hello, Click!\n    Hello, Click!\n\n\nDonate\n------\n\nThe Pallets organization develops and supports Click and other popular\npackages. In order to grow the community of contributors and users, and\nallow the maintainers to devote more time to the projects, `please\ndonate today`_.\n\n.. _please donate today: https://palletsprojects.com/donate\n\n\nLinks\n-----\n\n-   Documentation: https://click.palletsprojects.com/\n-   Changes: https://click.palletsprojects.com/changes/\n-   PyPI Releases: https://pypi.org/project/click/\n-   Source Code: https://github.com/pallets/click\n-   Issue Tracker: https://github.com/pallets/click/issues\n-   Website: https://palletsprojects.com/p/click\n-   Twitter: https://twitter.com/PalletsTeam\n-   Chat: https://discord.gg/pallets\n\n\n"
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        "author": "Caleb P. Burns",
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        "description": "\nPathSpec\n========\n\n*pathspec* is a utility library for pattern matching of file paths. So\nfar this only includes Git's wildmatch pattern matching which itself is\nderived from Rsync's wildmatch. Git uses wildmatch for its `gitignore`_\nfiles.\n\n.. _`gitignore`: http://git-scm.com/docs/gitignore\n\n\nTutorial\n--------\n\nSay you have a \"Projects\" directory and you want to back it up, but only\ncertain files, and ignore others depending on certain conditions::\n\n\t>>> import pathspec\n\t>>> # The gitignore-style patterns for files to select, but we're including\n\t>>> # instead of ignoring.\n\t>>> spec_text = \"\"\"\n\t...\n\t... # This is a comment because the line begins with a hash: \"#\"\n\t...\n\t... # Include several project directories (and all descendants) relative to\n\t... # the current directory. To reference a directory you must end with a\n\t... # slash: \"/\"\n\t... /project-a/\n\t... /project-b/\n\t... /project-c/\n\t...\n\t... # Patterns can be negated by prefixing with exclamation mark: \"!\"\n\t...\n\t... # Ignore temporary files beginning or ending with \"~\" and ending with\n\t... # \".swp\".\n\t... !~*\n\t... !*~\n\t... !*.swp\n\t...\n\t... # These are python projects so ignore compiled python files from\n\t... # testing.\n\t... !*.pyc\n\t...\n\t... # Ignore the build directories but only directly under the project\n\t... # directories.\n\t... !/*/build/\n\t...\n\t... \"\"\"\n\nWe want to use the ``GitWildMatchPattern`` class to compile our patterns. The\n``PathSpec`` class provides an interface around pattern implementations::\n\n\t>>> spec = pathspec.PathSpec.from_lines(pathspec.patterns.GitWildMatchPattern, spec_text.splitlines())\n\nThat may be a mouthful but it allows for additional patterns to be implemented\nin the future without them having to deal with anything but matching the paths\nsent to them. ``GitWildMatchPattern`` is the implementation of the actual\npattern which internally gets converted into a regular expression. ``PathSpec``\nis a simple wrapper around a list of compiled patterns.\n\nTo make things simpler, we can use the registered name for a pattern class\ninstead of always having to provide a reference to the class itself. The\n``GitWildMatchPattern`` class is registered as **gitwildmatch**::\n\n\t>>> spec = pathspec.PathSpec.from_lines('gitwildmatch', spec_text.splitlines())\n\nIf we wanted to manually compile the patterns we can just do the following::\n\n\t>>> patterns = map(pathspec.patterns.GitWildMatchPattern, spec_text.splitlines())\n\t>>> spec = PathSpec(patterns)\n\n``PathSpec.from_lines()`` is simply a class method which does just that.\n\nIf you want to load the patterns from file, you can pass the file instance\ndirectly as well::\n\n\t>>> with open('patterns.list', 'r') as fh:\n\t>>>     spec = pathspec.PathSpec.from_lines('gitwildmatch', fh)\n\nYou can perform matching on a whole directory tree with::\n\n\t>>> matches = spec.match_tree('path/to/directory')\n\nOr you can perform matching on a specific set of file paths with::\n\n\t>>> matches = spec.match_files(file_paths)\n\nOr check to see if an individual file matches::\n\n\t>>> is_matched = spec.match_file(file_path)\n\nThere is a specialized class, ``pathspec.GitIgnoreSpec``, which more closely\nimplements the behavior of **gitignore**. This uses ``GitWildMatchPattern``\npattern by default and handles some edge cases differently from the generic\n``PathSpec`` class. ``GitIgnoreSpec`` can be used without specifying the pattern\nfactory::\n\n\t>>> spec = pathspec.GitIgnoreSpec.from_lines(spec_text.splitlines())\n\n\nLicense\n-------\n\n*pathspec* is licensed under the `Mozilla Public License Version 2.0`_. See\n`LICENSE`_ or the `FAQ`_ for more information.\n\nIn summary, you may use *pathspec* with any closed or open source project\nwithout affecting the license of the larger work so long as you:\n\n- give credit where credit is due,\n\n- and release any custom changes made to *pathspec*.\n\n.. _`Mozilla Public License Version 2.0`: http://www.mozilla.org/MPL/2.0\n.. _`LICENSE`: LICENSE\n.. _`FAQ`: http://www.mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/FAQ.html\n\n\nSource\n------\n\nThe source code for *pathspec* is available from the GitHub repo\n`cpburnz/python-pathspec`_.\n\n.. _`cpburnz/python-pathspec`: https://github.com/cpburnz/python-pathspec\n\n\nInstallation\n------------\n\n*pathspec* is available for install through `PyPI`_::\n\n\tpip install pathspec\n\n*pathspec* can also be built from source. The following packages will be\nrequired:\n\n- `build`_ (>=0.6.0)\n- `setuptools`_ (>=40.8.0)\n\n*pathspec* can then be built and installed with::\n\n\tpython -m build\n\tpip install dist/pathspec-*-py3-none-any.whl\n\n.. _`PyPI`: http://pypi.python.org/pypi/pathspec\n.. _`build`: https://pypi.org/project/build/\n.. _`setuptools`: https://pypi.org/project/setuptools/\n\n\nDocumentation\n-------------\n\nDocumentation for *pathspec* is available on `Read the Docs`_.\n\n.. _`Read the Docs`: https://python-path-specification.readthedocs.io\n\n\nOther Languages\n---------------\n\nThe related project `pathspec-ruby`_ (by *highb*) provides a similar library as\na `Ruby gem`_.\n\n.. _`pathspec-ruby`: https://github.com/highb/pathspec-ruby\n.. _`Ruby gem`: https://rubygems.org/gems/pathspec\n\n\n\nChange History\n==============\n\n\n0.10.2 (2022-11-12)\n-------------------\n\nBug fixes:\n\n- Fix failing tests on Windows.\n- Type hint on *root* parameter on `pathspec.pathspec.PathSpec.match_tree_entries()`.\n- Type hint on *root* parameter on `pathspec.pathspec.PathSpec.match_tree_files()`.\n- Type hint on *root* parameter on `pathspec.util.iter_tree_entries()`.\n- Type hint on *root* parameter on `pathspec.util.iter_tree_files()`.\n- `Issue #64`_: IndexError with my .gitignore file when trying to build a Python package.\n\nImprovements:\n\n- `Issue #58`_: CI: add GitHub Actions test workflow.\n\n\n.. _`Issue #58`: https://github.com/cpburnz/python-pathspec/pull/58\n.. _`Issue #64`: https://github.com/cpburnz/python-pathspec/issues/64\n\n\n0.10.1 (2022-09-02)\n-------------------\n\nBug fixes:\n\n- Fix documentation on `pathspec.pattern.RegexPattern.match_file()`.\n- `Issue #60`_: Remove redundant wheel dep from pyproject.toml.\n- `Issue #61`_: Dist failure for Fedora, CentOS, EPEL.\n- `Issue #62`_: Since version 0.10.0 pure wildcard does not work in some cases.\n\nImprovements:\n\n- Restore support for legacy installations using `setup.py`. See `Issue #61`_.\n\n\n.. _`Issue #60`: https://github.com/cpburnz/python-pathspec/pull/60\n.. _`Issue #61`: https://github.com/cpburnz/python-pathspec/issues/61\n.. _`Issue #62`: https://github.com/cpburnz/python-pathspec/issues/62\n\n\n0.10.0 (2022-08-30)\n-------------------\n\nMajor changes:\n\n- Dropped support of EOL Python 2.7, 3.5, 3.6. See `Issue #47`_.\n- The *gitwildmatch* pattern `dir/*` is now handled the same as `dir/`. This means `dir/*` will now match all descendants rather than only direct children. See `Issue #19`_.\n- Added `pathspec.GitIgnoreSpec` class (see new features).\n- Changed build system to `pyproject.toml`_ and build backend to `setuptools.build_meta`_ which may have unforeseen consequences.\n- Renamed GitHub project from `python-path-specification`_ to `python-pathspec`_. See `Issue #35`_.\n\nAPI changes:\n\n- Deprecated: `pathspec.util.match_files()` is an old function no longer used.\n- Deprecated: `pathspec.match_files()` is an old function no longer used.\n- Deprecated: `pathspec.util.normalize_files()` is no longer used.\n- Deprecated: `pathspec.util.iter_tree()` is an alias for `pathspec.util.iter_tree_files()`.\n- Deprecated: `pathspec.iter_tree()` is an alias for `pathspec.util.iter_tree_files()`.\n-\tDeprecated: `pathspec.pattern.Pattern.match()` is no longer used. Use or implement\n\t`pathspec.pattern.Pattern.match_file()`.\n\nNew features:\n\n- Added class `pathspec.gitignore.GitIgnoreSpec` (with alias `pathspec.GitIgnoreSpec`) to implement *gitignore* behavior not possible with standard `PathSpec` class. The particular *gitignore* behavior implemented is prioritizing patterns matching the file directly over matching an ancestor directory.\n\nBug fixes:\n\n- `Issue #19`_: Files inside an ignored sub-directory are not matched.\n- `Issue #41`_: Incorrectly (?) matches files inside directories that do match.\n- `Issue #51`_: Refactor deprecated unittest aliases for Python 3.11 compatibility.\n- `Issue #53`_: Symlink pathspec_meta.py breaks Windows.\n- `Issue #54`_: test_util.py uses os.symlink which can fail on Windows.\n- `Issue #55`_: Backslashes at start of pattern not handled correctly.\n- `Issue #56`_: pyproject.toml: include subpackages in setuptools config\n- `Issue #57`_: `!` doesn't exclude files in directories if the pattern doesn't have a trailing slash.\n\nImprovements:\n\n- Support Python 3.10, 3.11.\n- Modernize code to Python 3.7.\n- `Issue #52`_: match_files() is not a pure generator function, and it impacts tree_*() gravely.\n\n\n.. _`python-path-specification`: https://github.com/cpburnz/python-path-specification\n.. _`python-pathspec`: https://github.com/cpburnz/python-pathspec\n.. _`pyproject.toml`: https://pip.pypa.io/en/stable/reference/build-system/pyproject-toml/\n.. _`setuptools.build_meta`: https://setuptools.pypa.io/en/latest/build_meta.html\n.. _`Issue #19`: https://github.com/cpburnz/python-pathspec/issues/19\n.. _`Issue #35`: https://github.com/cpburnz/python-pathspec/issues/35\n.. _`Issue #41`: https://github.com/cpburnz/python-pathspec/issues/41\n.. _`Issue #47`: https://github.com/cpburnz/python-pathspec/issues/47\n.. _`Issue #51`: https://github.com/cpburnz/python-pathspec/pull/51\n.. _`Issue #52`: https://github.com/cpburnz/python-pathspec/issues/52\n.. _`Issue #53`: https://github.com/cpburnz/python-pathspec/issues/53\n.. _`Issue #54`: https://github.com/cpburnz/python-pathspec/issues/54\n.. _`Issue #55`: https://github.com/cpburnz/python-pathspec/issues/55\n.. _`Issue #56`: https://github.com/cpburnz/python-pathspec/pull/56\n.. _`Issue #57`: https://github.com/cpburnz/python-pathspec/issues/57\n\n\n0.9.0 (2021-07-17)\n------------------\n\n- `Issue #44`_/`Issue #50`_: Raise `GitWildMatchPatternError` for invalid git patterns.\n- `Issue #45`_: Fix for duplicate leading double-asterisk, and edge cases.\n- `Issue #46`_: Fix matching absolute paths.\n- API change: `util.normalize_files()` now returns a `Dict[str, List[pathlike]]` instead of a `Dict[str, pathlike]`.\n- Added type hinting.\n\n.. _`Issue #44`: https://github.com/cpburnz/python-pathspec/issues/44\n.. _`Issue #45`: https://github.com/cpburnz/python-pathspec/pull/45\n.. _`Issue #46`: https://github.com/cpburnz/python-pathspec/issues/46\n.. _`Issue #50`: https://github.com/cpburnz/python-pathspec/pull/50\n\n\n0.8.1 (2020-11-07)\n------------------\n\n- `Issue #43`_: Add support for addition operator.\n\n.. _`Issue #43`: https://github.com/cpburnz/python-pathspec/pull/43\n\n\n0.8.0 (2020-04-09)\n------------------\n\n- `Issue #30`_: Expose what patterns matched paths. Added `util.detailed_match_files()`.\n- `Issue #31`_: `match_tree()` doesn't return symlinks.\n- `Issue #34`_: Support `pathlib.Path`\\ s.\n- Add `PathSpec.match_tree_entries` and `util.iter_tree_entries()` to support directories and symlinks.\n- API change: `match_tree()` has been renamed to `match_tree_files()`. The old name `match_tree()` is still available as an alias.\n- API change: `match_tree_files()` now returns symlinks. This is a bug fix but it will change the returned results.\n\n.. _`Issue #30`: https://github.com/cpburnz/python-pathspec/issues/30\n.. _`Issue #31`: https://github.com/cpburnz/python-pathspec/issues/31\n.. _`Issue #34`: https://github.com/cpburnz/python-pathspec/issues/34\n\n\n0.7.0 (2019-12-27)\n------------------\n\n- `Issue #28`_: Add support for Python 3.8, and drop Python 3.4.\n- `Issue #29`_: Publish bdist wheel.\n\n.. _`Issue #28`: https://github.com/cpburnz/python-pathspec/pull/28\n.. _`Issue #29`: https://github.com/cpburnz/python-pathspec/pull/29\n\n\n0.6.0 (2019-10-03)\n------------------\n\n- `Issue #24`_: Drop support for Python 2.6, 3.2, and 3.3.\n- `Issue #25`_: Update README.rst.\n- `Issue #26`_: Method to escape gitwildmatch.\n\n.. _`Issue #24`: https://github.com/cpburnz/python-pathspec/pull/24\n.. _`Issue #25`: https://github.com/cpburnz/python-pathspec/pull/25\n.. _`Issue #26`: https://github.com/cpburnz/python-pathspec/pull/26\n\n\n0.5.9 (2018-09-15)\n------------------\n\n- Fixed file system error handling.\n\n\n0.5.8 (2018-09-15)\n------------------\n\n- Improved type checking.\n- Created scripts to test Python 2.6 because Tox removed support for it.\n- Improved byte string handling in Python 3.\n- `Issue #22`_: Handle dangling symlinks.\n\n.. _`Issue #22`: https://github.com/cpburnz/python-pathspec/issues/22\n\n\n0.5.7 (2018-08-14)\n------------------\n\n- `Issue #21`_: Fix collections deprecation warning.\n\n.. _`Issue #21`: https://github.com/cpburnz/python-pathspec/issues/21\n\n\n0.5.6 (2018-04-06)\n------------------\n\n- Improved unit tests.\n- Improved type checking.\n- `Issue #20`_: Support current directory prefix.\n\n.. _`Issue #20`: https://github.com/cpburnz/python-pathspec/issues/20\n\n\n0.5.5 (2017-09-09)\n------------------\n\n- Add documentation link to README.\n\n\n0.5.4 (2017-09-09)\n------------------\n\n- `Issue #17`_: Add link to Ruby implementation of *pathspec*.\n- Add sphinx documentation.\n\n.. _`Issue #17`: https://github.com/cpburnz/python-pathspec/pull/17\n\n\n0.5.3 (2017-07-01)\n------------------\n\n- `Issue #14`_: Fix byte strings for Python 3.\n- `Issue #15`_: Include \"LICENSE\" in source package.\n- `Issue #16`_: Support Python 2.6.\n\n.. _`Issue #14`: https://github.com/cpburnz/python-pathspec/issues/14\n.. _`Issue #15`: https://github.com/cpburnz/python-pathspec/pull/15\n.. _`Issue #16`: https://github.com/cpburnz/python-pathspec/issues/16\n\n\n0.5.2 (2017-04-04)\n------------------\n\n- Fixed change log.\n\n\n0.5.1 (2017-04-04)\n------------------\n\n- `Issue #13`_: Add equality methods to `PathSpec` and `RegexPattern`.\n\n.. _`Issue #13`: https://github.com/cpburnz/python-pathspec/pull/13\n\n\n0.5.0 (2016-08-22)\n------------------\n\n- `Issue #12`_: Add `PathSpec.match_file()`.\n- Renamed `gitignore.GitIgnorePattern` to `patterns.gitwildmatch.GitWildMatchPattern`.\n- Deprecated `gitignore.GitIgnorePattern`.\n\n.. _`Issue #12`: https://github.com/cpburnz/python-pathspec/issues/12\n\n\n0.4.0 (2016-07-15)\n------------------\n\n- `Issue #11`_: Support converting patterns into regular expressions without compiling them.\n- API change: Subclasses of `RegexPattern` should implement `pattern_to_regex()`.\n\n.. _`Issue #11`: https://github.com/cpburnz/python-pathspec/issues/11\n\n\n0.3.4 (2015-08-24)\n------------------\n\n- `Issue #7`_: Fixed non-recursive links.\n- `Issue #8`_: Fixed edge cases in gitignore patterns.\n- `Issue #9`_: Fixed minor usage documentation.\n- Fixed recursion detection.\n- Fixed trivial incompatibility with Python 3.2.\n\n.. _`Issue #7`: https://github.com/cpburnz/python-pathspec/pull/7\n.. _`Issue #8`: https://github.com/cpburnz/python-pathspec/pull/8\n.. _`Issue #9`: https://github.com/cpburnz/python-pathspec/pull/9\n\n\n0.3.3 (2014-11-21)\n------------------\n\n- Improved documentation.\n\n\n0.3.2 (2014-11-08)\n------------------\n\n- `Issue #5`_: Use tox for testing.\n- `Issue #6`_: Fixed matching Windows paths.\n- Improved documentation.\n- API change: `spec.match_tree()` and `spec.match_files()` now return iterators instead of sets.\n\n.. _`Issue #5`: https://github.com/cpburnz/python-pathspec/pull/5\n.. _`Issue #6`: https://github.com/cpburnz/python-pathspec/issues/6\n\n\n0.3.1 (2014-09-17)\n------------------\n\n- Updated README.\n\n\n0.3.0 (2014-09-17)\n------------------\n\n- `Issue #3`_: Fixed trailing slash in gitignore patterns.\n- `Issue #4`_: Fixed test for trailing slash in gitignore patterns.\n- Added registered patterns.\n\n.. _`Issue #3`: https://github.com/cpburnz/python-pathspec/pull/3\n.. _`Issue #4`: https://github.com/cpburnz/python-pathspec/pull/4\n\n\n0.2.2 (2013-12-17)\n------------------\n\n- Fixed setup.py.\n\n\n0.2.1 (2013-12-17)\n------------------\n\n- Added tests.\n- Fixed comment gitignore patterns.\n- Fixed relative path gitignore patterns.\n\n\n0.2.0 (2013-12-07)\n------------------\n\n- Initial release.\n"
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        "summary": "A small Python package for determining appropriate platform-specific dirs, e.g. a \"user data dir\".",
        "description_content_type": "text/x-rst",
        "keywords": [
          "application",
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          "directory",
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        "maintainer_email": "Bernát Gábor <gaborjbernat@gmail.com>, Julian Berman <Julian@GrayVines.com>, Ofek Lev <oss@ofek.dev>, Ronny Pfannschmidt <opensource@ronnypfannschmidt.de>",
        "classifier": [
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          "sphinx>=5.3; extra == 'docs'",
          "appdirs==1.4.4; extra == 'test'",
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          "Documentation, https://platformdirs.readthedocs.io",
          "Homepage, https://github.com/platformdirs/platformdirs",
          "Source, https://github.com/platformdirs/platformdirs",
          "Tracker, https://github.com/platformdirs/platformdirs/issues"
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        "description": "The problem\n===========\n\n.. image:: https://github.com/platformdirs/platformdirs/workflows/Test/badge.svg\n   :target: https://github.com/platformdirs/platformdirs/actions?query=workflow%3ATest\n\nWhen writing desktop application, finding the right location to store user data\nand configuration varies per platform. Even for single-platform apps, there\nmay by plenty of nuances in figuring out the right location.\n\nFor example, if running on macOS, you should use::\n\n    ~/Library/Application Support/<AppName>\n\nIf on Windows (at least English Win XP) that should be::\n\n    C:\\Documents and Settings\\<User>\\Application Data\\Local Settings\\<AppAuthor>\\<AppName>\n\nor possibly::\n\n    C:\\Documents and Settings\\<User>\\Application Data\\<AppAuthor>\\<AppName>\n\nfor `roaming profiles <https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/previous-versions/windows/it-pro/windows-vista/cc766489(v=ws.10)>`_ but that is another story.\n\nOn Linux (and other Unices), according to the `XDG Basedir Spec`_, it should be::\n\n    ~/.local/share/<AppName>\n\n.. _XDG Basedir Spec: https://specifications.freedesktop.org/basedir-spec/basedir-spec-latest.html\n\n``platformdirs`` to the rescue\n==============================\n\nThis kind of thing is what the ``platformdirs`` package is for.\n``platformdirs`` will help you choose an appropriate:\n\n- user data dir (``user_data_dir``)\n- user config dir (``user_config_dir``)\n- user cache dir (``user_cache_dir``)\n- site data dir (``site_data_dir``)\n- site config dir (``site_config_dir``)\n- user log dir (``user_log_dir``)\n- user documents dir (``user_documents_dir``)\n- user runtime dir (``user_runtime_dir``)\n\nAnd also:\n\n- Is slightly opinionated on the directory names used. Look for \"OPINION\" in\n  documentation and code for when an opinion is being applied.\n\nExample output\n==============\n\nOn macOS:\n\n.. code-block:: pycon\n\n    >>> from platformdirs import *\n    >>> appname = \"SuperApp\"\n    >>> appauthor = \"Acme\"\n    >>> user_data_dir(appname, appauthor)\n    '/Users/trentm/Library/Application Support/SuperApp'\n    >>> site_data_dir(appname, appauthor)\n    '/Library/Application Support/SuperApp'\n    >>> user_cache_dir(appname, appauthor)\n    '/Users/trentm/Library/Caches/SuperApp'\n    >>> user_log_dir(appname, appauthor)\n    '/Users/trentm/Library/Logs/SuperApp'\n    >>> user_documents_dir()\n    '/Users/trentm/Documents'\n    >>> user_runtime_dir(appname, appauthor)\n    '/Users/trentm/Library/Caches/TemporaryItems/SuperApp'\n\nOn Windows 7:\n\n.. code-block:: pycon\n\n    >>> from platformdirs import *\n    >>> appname = \"SuperApp\"\n    >>> appauthor = \"Acme\"\n    >>> user_data_dir(appname, appauthor)\n    'C:\\\\Users\\\\trentm\\\\AppData\\\\Local\\\\Acme\\\\SuperApp'\n    >>> user_data_dir(appname, appauthor, roaming=True)\n    'C:\\\\Users\\\\trentm\\\\AppData\\\\Roaming\\\\Acme\\\\SuperApp'\n    >>> user_cache_dir(appname, appauthor)\n    'C:\\\\Users\\\\trentm\\\\AppData\\\\Local\\\\Acme\\\\SuperApp\\\\Cache'\n    >>> user_log_dir(appname, appauthor)\n    'C:\\\\Users\\\\trentm\\\\AppData\\\\Local\\\\Acme\\\\SuperApp\\\\Logs'\n    >>> user_documents_dir()\n    'C:\\\\Users\\\\trentm\\\\Documents'\n    >>> user_runtime_dir(appname, appauthor)\n    'C:\\\\Users\\\\trentm\\\\AppData\\\\Local\\\\Temp\\\\Acme\\\\SuperApp'\n\nOn Linux:\n\n.. code-block:: pycon\n\n    >>> from platformdirs import *\n    >>> appname = \"SuperApp\"\n    >>> appauthor = \"Acme\"\n    >>> user_data_dir(appname, appauthor)\n    '/home/trentm/.local/share/SuperApp'\n    >>> site_data_dir(appname, appauthor)\n    '/usr/local/share/SuperApp'\n    >>> site_data_dir(appname, appauthor, multipath=True)\n    '/usr/local/share/SuperApp:/usr/share/SuperApp'\n    >>> user_cache_dir(appname, appauthor)\n    '/home/trentm/.cache/SuperApp'\n    >>> user_log_dir(appname, appauthor)\n    '/home/trentm/.cache/SuperApp/log'\n    >>> user_config_dir(appname)\n    '/home/trentm/.config/SuperApp'\n    >>> user_documents_dir()\n    '/home/trentm/Documents'\n    >>> user_runtime_dir(appname, appauthor)\n    '/run/user/{os.getuid()}/SuperApp'\n    >>> site_config_dir(appname)\n    '/etc/xdg/SuperApp'\n    >>> os.environ[\"XDG_CONFIG_DIRS\"] = \"/etc:/usr/local/etc\"\n    >>> site_config_dir(appname, multipath=True)\n    '/etc/SuperApp:/usr/local/etc/SuperApp'\n\nOn Android::\n\n    >>> from platformdirs import *\n    >>> appname = \"SuperApp\"\n    >>> appauthor = \"Acme\"\n    >>> user_data_dir(appname, appauthor)\n    '/data/data/com.myApp/files/SuperApp'\n    >>> user_cache_dir(appname, appauthor)\n    '/data/data/com.myApp/cache/SuperApp'\n    >>> user_log_dir(appname, appauthor)\n    '/data/data/com.myApp/cache/SuperApp/log'\n    >>> user_config_dir(appname)\n    '/data/data/com.myApp/shared_prefs/SuperApp'\n    >>> user_documents_dir()\n    '/storage/emulated/0/Documents'\n    >>> user_runtime_dir(appname, appauthor)\n    '/data/data/com.myApp/cache/SuperApp/tmp'\n\nNote: Some android apps like Termux and Pydroid are used as shells. These\napps are used by the end user to emulate Linux environment. Presence of\n``SHELL`` environment variable is used by Platformdirs to differentiate\nbetween general android apps and android apps used as shells. Shell android\napps also support ``XDG_*`` environment variables.\n\n\n``PlatformDirs`` for convenience\n================================\n\n.. code-block:: pycon\n\n    >>> from platformdirs import PlatformDirs\n    >>> dirs = PlatformDirs(\"SuperApp\", \"Acme\")\n    >>> dirs.user_data_dir\n    '/Users/trentm/Library/Application Support/SuperApp'\n    >>> dirs.site_data_dir\n    '/Library/Application Support/SuperApp'\n    >>> dirs.user_cache_dir\n    '/Users/trentm/Library/Caches/SuperApp'\n    >>> dirs.user_log_dir\n    '/Users/trentm/Library/Logs/SuperApp'\n    >>> dirs.user_documents_dir\n    '/Users/trentm/Documents'\n    >>> dirs.user_runtime_dir\n    '/Users/trentm/Library/Caches/TemporaryItems/SuperApp'\n\nPer-version isolation\n=====================\n\nIf you have multiple versions of your app in use that you want to be\nable to run side-by-side, then you may want version-isolation for these\ndirs::\n\n    >>> from platformdirs import PlatformDirs\n    >>> dirs = PlatformDirs(\"SuperApp\", \"Acme\", version=\"1.0\")\n    >>> dirs.user_data_dir\n    '/Users/trentm/Library/Application Support/SuperApp/1.0'\n    >>> dirs.site_data_dir\n    '/Library/Application Support/SuperApp/1.0'\n    >>> dirs.user_cache_dir\n    '/Users/trentm/Library/Caches/SuperApp/1.0'\n    >>> dirs.user_log_dir\n    '/Users/trentm/Library/Logs/SuperApp/1.0'\n    >>> dirs.user_documents_dir\n    '/Users/trentm/Documents'\n    >>> dirs.user_runtime_dir\n    '/Users/trentm/Library/Caches/TemporaryItems/SuperApp/1.0'\n\nBe wary of using this for configuration files though; you'll need to handle\nmigrating configuration files manually.\n\nWhy this Fork?\n==============\n\nThis repository is a friendly fork of the wonderful work started by\n`ActiveState <https://github.com/ActiveState/appdirs>`_ who created\n``appdirs``, this package's ancestor.\n\nMaintaining an open source project is no easy task, particularly\nfrom within an organization, and the Python community is indebted\nto ``appdirs`` (and to Trent Mick and Jeff Rouse in particular) for\ncreating an incredibly useful simple module, as evidenced by the wide\nnumber of users it has attracted over the years.\n\nNonetheless, given the number of long-standing open issues\nand pull requests, and no clear path towards `ensuring\nthat maintenance of the package would continue or grow\n<https://github.com/ActiveState/appdirs/issues/79>`_, this fork was\ncreated.\n\nContributions are most welcome.\n"
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        "author_email": "Taneli Hukkinen <hukkin@users.noreply.github.com>",
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          "Operating System :: Microsoft :: Windows",
          "Operating System :: POSIX :: Linux",
          "Programming Language :: Python :: 3 :: Only",
          "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.7",
          "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.8",
          "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.9",
          "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.10",
          "Programming Language :: Python :: Implementation :: CPython",
          "Programming Language :: Python :: Implementation :: PyPy",
          "Topic :: Software Development :: Libraries :: Python Modules",
          "Typing :: Typed"
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        "project_url": [
          "Changelog, https://github.com/hukkin/tomli/blob/master/CHANGELOG.md",
          "Homepage, https://github.com/hukkin/tomli"
        ],
        "description": "[![Build Status](https://github.com/hukkin/tomli/workflows/Tests/badge.svg?branch=master)](https://github.com/hukkin/tomli/actions?query=workflow%3ATests+branch%3Amaster+event%3Apush)\n[![codecov.io](https://codecov.io/gh/hukkin/tomli/branch/master/graph/badge.svg)](https://codecov.io/gh/hukkin/tomli)\n[![PyPI version](https://img.shields.io/pypi/v/tomli)](https://pypi.org/project/tomli)\n\n# Tomli\n\n> A lil' TOML parser\n\n**Table of Contents**  *generated with [mdformat-toc](https://github.com/hukkin/mdformat-toc)*\n\n<!-- mdformat-toc start --slug=github --maxlevel=6 --minlevel=2 -->\n\n- [Intro](#intro)\n- [Installation](#installation)\n- [Usage](#usage)\n  - [Parse a TOML string](#parse-a-toml-string)\n  - [Parse a TOML file](#parse-a-toml-file)\n  - [Handle invalid TOML](#handle-invalid-toml)\n  - [Construct `decimal.Decimal`s from TOML floats](#construct-decimaldecimals-from-toml-floats)\n- [FAQ](#faq)\n  - [Why this parser?](#why-this-parser)\n  - [Is comment preserving round-trip parsing supported?](#is-comment-preserving-round-trip-parsing-supported)\n  - [Is there a `dumps`, `write` or `encode` function?](#is-there-a-dumps-write-or-encode-function)\n  - [How do TOML types map into Python types?](#how-do-toml-types-map-into-python-types)\n- [Performance](#performance)\n\n<!-- mdformat-toc end -->\n\n## Intro<a name=\"intro\"></a>\n\nTomli is a Python library for parsing [TOML](https://toml.io).\nTomli is fully compatible with [TOML v1.0.0](https://toml.io/en/v1.0.0).\n\n## Installation<a name=\"installation\"></a>\n\n```bash\npip install tomli\n```\n\n## Usage<a name=\"usage\"></a>\n\n### Parse a TOML string<a name=\"parse-a-toml-string\"></a>\n\n```python\nimport tomli\n\ntoml_str = \"\"\"\n           gretzky = 99\n\n           [kurri]\n           jari = 17\n           \"\"\"\n\ntoml_dict = tomli.loads(toml_str)\nassert toml_dict == {\"gretzky\": 99, \"kurri\": {\"jari\": 17}}\n```\n\n### Parse a TOML file<a name=\"parse-a-toml-file\"></a>\n\n```python\nimport tomli\n\nwith open(\"path_to_file/conf.toml\", \"rb\") as f:\n    toml_dict = tomli.load(f)\n```\n\nThe file must be opened in binary mode (with the `\"rb\"` flag).\nBinary mode will enforce decoding the file as UTF-8 with universal newlines disabled,\nboth of which are required to correctly parse TOML.\n\n### Handle invalid TOML<a name=\"handle-invalid-toml\"></a>\n\n```python\nimport tomli\n\ntry:\n    toml_dict = tomli.loads(\"]] this is invalid TOML [[\")\nexcept tomli.TOMLDecodeError:\n    print(\"Yep, definitely not valid.\")\n```\n\nNote that error messages are considered informational only.\nThey should not be assumed to stay constant across Tomli versions.\n\n### Construct `decimal.Decimal`s from TOML floats<a name=\"construct-decimaldecimals-from-toml-floats\"></a>\n\n```python\nfrom decimal import Decimal\nimport tomli\n\ntoml_dict = tomli.loads(\"precision-matters = 0.982492\", parse_float=Decimal)\nassert toml_dict[\"precision-matters\"] == Decimal(\"0.982492\")\n```\n\nNote that `decimal.Decimal` can be replaced with another callable that converts a TOML float from string to a Python type.\nThe `decimal.Decimal` is, however, a practical choice for use cases where float inaccuracies can not be tolerated.\n\nIllegal types are `dict` and `list`, and their subtypes.\nA `ValueError` will be raised if `parse_float` produces illegal types.\n\n## FAQ<a name=\"faq\"></a>\n\n### Why this parser?<a name=\"why-this-parser\"></a>\n\n- it's lil'\n- pure Python with zero dependencies\n- the fastest pure Python parser [\\*](#performance):\n  15x as fast as [tomlkit](https://pypi.org/project/tomlkit/),\n  2.4x as fast as [toml](https://pypi.org/project/toml/)\n- outputs [basic data types](#how-do-toml-types-map-into-python-types) only\n- 100% spec compliant: passes all tests in\n  [a test set](https://github.com/toml-lang/compliance/pull/8)\n  soon to be merged to the official\n  [compliance tests for TOML](https://github.com/toml-lang/compliance)\n  repository\n- thoroughly tested: 100% branch coverage\n\n### Is comment preserving round-trip parsing supported?<a name=\"is-comment-preserving-round-trip-parsing-supported\"></a>\n\nNo.\n\nThe `tomli.loads` function returns a plain `dict` that is populated with builtin types and types from the standard library only.\nPreserving comments requires a custom type to be returned so will not be supported,\nat least not by the `tomli.loads` and `tomli.load` functions.\n\nLook into [TOML Kit](https://github.com/sdispater/tomlkit) if preservation of style is what you need.\n\n### Is there a `dumps`, `write` or `encode` function?<a name=\"is-there-a-dumps-write-or-encode-function\"></a>\n\n[Tomli-W](https://github.com/hukkin/tomli-w) is the write-only counterpart of Tomli, providing `dump` and `dumps` functions.\n\nThe core library does not include write capability, as most TOML use cases are read-only, and Tomli intends to be minimal.\n\n### How do TOML types map into Python types?<a name=\"how-do-toml-types-map-into-python-types\"></a>\n\n| TOML type        | Python type         | Details                                                      |\n| ---------------- | ------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------ |\n| Document Root    | `dict`              |                                                              |\n| Key              | `str`               |                                                              |\n| String           | `str`               |                                                              |\n| Integer          | `int`               |                                                              |\n| Float            | `float`             |                                                              |\n| Boolean          | `bool`              |                                                              |\n| Offset Date-Time | `datetime.datetime` | `tzinfo` attribute set to an instance of `datetime.timezone` |\n| Local Date-Time  | `datetime.datetime` | `tzinfo` attribute set to `None`                             |\n| Local Date       | `datetime.date`     |                                                              |\n| Local Time       | `datetime.time`     |                                                              |\n| Array            | `list`              |                                                              |\n| Table            | `dict`              |                                                              |\n| Inline Table     | `dict`              |                                                              |\n\n## Performance<a name=\"performance\"></a>\n\nThe `benchmark/` folder in this repository contains a performance benchmark for comparing the various Python TOML parsers.\nThe benchmark can be run with `tox -e benchmark-pypi`.\nRunning the benchmark on my personal computer output the following:\n\n```console\nfoo@bar:~/dev/tomli$ tox -e benchmark-pypi\nbenchmark-pypi installed: attrs==19.3.0,click==7.1.2,pytomlpp==1.0.2,qtoml==0.3.0,rtoml==0.7.0,toml==0.10.2,tomli==1.1.0,tomlkit==0.7.2\nbenchmark-pypi run-test-pre: PYTHONHASHSEED='2658546909'\nbenchmark-pypi run-test: commands[0] | python -c 'import datetime; print(datetime.date.today())'\n2021-07-23\nbenchmark-pypi run-test: commands[1] | python --version\nPython 3.8.10\nbenchmark-pypi run-test: commands[2] | python benchmark/run.py\nParsing data.toml 5000 times:\n------------------------------------------------------\n    parser |  exec time | performance (more is better)\n-----------+------------+-----------------------------\n     rtoml |    0.901 s | baseline (100%)\n  pytomlpp |     1.08 s | 83.15%\n     tomli |     3.89 s | 23.15%\n      toml |     9.36 s | 9.63%\n     qtoml |     11.5 s | 7.82%\n   tomlkit |     56.8 s | 1.59%\n```\n\nThe parsers are ordered from fastest to slowest, using the fastest parser as baseline.\nTomli performed the best out of all pure Python TOML parsers,\nlosing only to pytomlpp (wraps C++) and rtoml (wraps Rust).\n\n"