2018-06-14 Grammar: compound modifiers

Greg Malivuk
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http://www.pastebin.com/u/gmalivuk - notes from all classes
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Homework: p. 156 exercise 7
1 exciting
2 rising
3 embarrassing
4 proven
5 depressing
6 depressed
7 puzzling
8 puzzled
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We can add information to participle modifiers, especially with nouns and adverbs.
- noun + present participle tells us the receiver: A man-eating tiger is a tiger that eats men.
- noun + past participle tells us the agent: A manmade lake is a lake that was made by men.
- adverb + participle gives adverb information about the verb:
	A fast-moving train is a train that moves fast.
	A much-visited attraction is an attraction that is visited a lot.
	Freshly squeezed orange juice is juice that was squeezed freshly (recently).
	(Note that there is no hyphen (-) after the -ly adverb.)
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Usually the hyphen is necessary to express the correct meaning:
I saw a man eating alligator. = I saw a man while he was eating alligator.
I saw a man-eating alligator. = I saw an alligator that eats people.
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Characteristics that you have as a part of “you” can be described with -ed forms:
A blue-eyed baby is a baby with blue eyes.
A mean-spirited person is a person with a mean spirit.
A three-legged table is a table with three legs.
(Your legs are a part of you, so we use “legged” even with non-human things.)
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Other compounds can be made with nouns and no -ed ending (they are always singular):
A 500-page book is a book with 500 pages.
A 10-year-old girl is a girl who is 10 years old.
A last-minute change is a change that happened at the last minute.
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New Handout - With your partner, try to rewrite each noun phrase with a compound modifier.
1 a short-sighted man
2 a three-bedroom apartment
3 a short-sleeve(d) shirt
4 a long-lasting rumor
5 bad-mannered people
6 a black-tie event
7 a four-engine plane
8 a hand-written message
9 a red-haired girl
10 a one-legged man (In this context “legged” has two syllables.)
11 a never-ending story
12 high-heeled shoes
13 cold-blooded animals
14 an open-minded person
15 sugar-free gum
16 a 19-year-old boy
17 deep-sea photographs
18 well-advised customers
19 a kind-hearted person
20 last-minute plans
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Old handout p. 158 exercise 9 - Answer some of these questions.
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Homework (optional): p., 159 exercise 10