add_shortcode( 'category_pods', 'pods_category_shortcode' );

function pods_category_shortcode() {
    $tdbLoadDataFromId = tdb_state_content::get_wp_query()->queried_object_id;
    $current_category_obj = get_category( $tdbLoadDataFromId );
    $current_category_id = $current_category_obj->cat_ID;
    echo $current_category_id;
}