public class YearOfLife
{
    public int YearAbsolute;
    public int YearRelative;

    public List<Week> Weeks = new List<Week>();
}

public class Week
{
    public string Tooltip;

    public WeekType WeekType;

    public DateTime Start;
    public DateTime End;
}

public enum WeekType
{
    Empty,
    Passed,
    Future,
    PossibleFuture
}

List<YearOfLife> Life = new List<YearOfLife>()

public void ReGenerateLife()
{
    Life.Clear();

    var yearStart = new DateTime(DayBirth.Year, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0);
    yearStart = yearStart.AddDays(8 - (int)yearStart.DayOfWeek);

    for (var i = yearStart; i <= DayDeath2; i = i.AddYears(1))
    {
        var tmpYear = new YearOfLife();
        tmpYear.YearAbsolute = i.Year;
        tmpYear.YearRelative = i.Year - DayBirth.Year;

        Life.Add(tmpYear);
    }

    var currDate = yearStart;

    while (currDate <= DayDeath2)
    {
        var lstItem = Life.Where(a => a.YearAbsolute == currDate.Year).ToList()[0];

        var week = new Week();
        week.Start = currDate;
        week.End = currDate.AddDays(6);

        if (currDate < DayBirth)
        {
            week.WeekType = WeekType.Empty;
        }
        else if (currDate <= DateTime.Today)
        {
            week.WeekType = WeekType.Passed;
        }
        else if (currDate <= DayDeath)
        {
            week.WeekType = WeekType.Future;
        }
        else if (currDate <= DayDeath2)
        {
            week.WeekType = WeekType.PossibleFuture;
        }

        lstItem.Weeks.Add(week);
        currDate = currDate.AddDays(7);
    }
}

<Window.Resources>
    <Style TargetType="ColumnDefinition" x:Key="lifecol" >
        <Setter Property="SharedSizeGroup" Value="A"/>
        <Setter Property="Width" Value="30"/>
    </Style>
    <Style TargetType="RowDefinition" x:Key="liferow" >
        <Setter Property="SharedSizeGroup" Value="A"/>
        <Setter Property="Height" Value="20"/>
    </Style>
</Window.Resources>

<ListBox Grid.Row="2" Name="lifeControlWrapper" Background="AliceBlue" ItemsSource="{Binding Life}">
    <ListBox.ItemTemplate>
        <DataTemplate>
            <StackPanel Orientation="Horizontal">
                <Grid>
                    <Grid.ColumnDefinitions>
                        <ColumnDefinition/>
                        <ColumnDefinition/>
                        <ColumnDefinition/>
                    </Grid.ColumnDefinitions>
                    <Grid.RowDefinitions>
                        <RowDefinition Height="20"/>
                    </Grid.RowDefinitions>
                    <TextBlock Text="{Binding YearsAbsolute}" VerticalAlignment="Center"  Grid.Column="0"/>
                    <TextBlock Text="{Binding YearsRelative}" VerticalAlignment="Center" HorizontalAlignment="Right"  Grid.Column="1"/>
                    <Grid  Grid.Column="2" HorizontalAlignment="Stretch" Grid.IsSharedSizeScope="True">
                        <Grid.ColumnDefinitions>
                            <ColumnDefinition  Style="{StaticResource lifecol}"/>
                        </Grid.ColumnDefinitions>
                        <Grid.RowDefinitions>
                            <RowDefinition Style="{StaticResource liferow}"/>
                        </Grid.RowDefinitions>
                        <Button Name="brnFirst"  Width="auto" Margin="2" Grid.Column="0" Height="{Binding ElementName=brnFirst, Path=Width}"></Button>
                        <Button Width="auto" Margin="2" Grid.Column="1"></Button>
                    </Grid>
                </Grid>
            </StackPanel>
        </DataTemplate>
    </ListBox.ItemTemplate>
</ListBox>

public class SplitGrid : Panel
{
    public int Columns
    {
        get => (int)GetValue(ColumnsProperty);
        set => SetValue(ColumnsProperty, value);
    }

    public static readonly DependencyProperty ColumnsProperty =
        DependencyProperty.Register(nameof(Columns), typeof(int), typeof(SplitGrid),
            new FrameworkPropertyMetadata(1, FrameworkPropertyMetadataOptions.AffectsMeasure), ValidateColumns);

    private static bool ValidateColumns(object value) => (int)value > 0;

    public double ShortSpace
    {
        get => (double)GetValue(ShortSpaceProperty);
        set => SetValue(ShortSpaceProperty, value);
    }

    public static readonly DependencyProperty ShortSpaceProperty =
        DependencyProperty.Register(nameof(ShortSpace), typeof(double), typeof(SplitGrid),
            new FrameworkPropertyMetadata(0.0, FrameworkPropertyMetadataOptions.AffectsMeasure));

    public double LongSpace
    {
        get => (double)GetValue(LongSpaceProperty);
        set => SetValue(LongSpaceProperty, value);
    }

    public static readonly DependencyProperty LongSpaceProperty =
        DependencyProperty.Register(nameof(LongSpace), typeof(double), typeof(SplitGrid),
            new FrameworkPropertyMetadata(0.0, FrameworkPropertyMetadataOptions.AffectsMeasure));

    public int LongSpacePeriod
    {
        get { return (int)GetValue(LongSpacePeriodProperty); }
        set { SetValue(LongSpacePeriodProperty, value); }
    }

    public static readonly DependencyProperty LongSpacePeriodProperty =
        DependencyProperty.Register(nameof(LongSpacePeriod), typeof(int), typeof(SplitGrid),
            new FrameworkPropertyMetadata(5, FrameworkPropertyMetadataOptions.AffectsMeasure), ValidateLongSpacePeriod);

    private static bool ValidateLongSpacePeriod(object value) => (int)value > 0;

    // Этап подсчета занимаемого места
    protected override Size MeasureOverride(Size constraint)
    {
        columns = Columns;
        longSpacePeriod = LongSpacePeriod;
        longSpace = LongSpace;
        shortSpace = ShortSpace;

        // Общая длина отступов
        totalSpace = CalcTotalSpace(columns - 1);

        double childLength = (constraint.Width - totalSpace) / columns;
        if (childLength < 0) childLength = 0;
        var childConstraint = new Size(childLength, childLength);

        int items = 0;
        foreach (UIElement child in InternalChildren)
        {
            // Обязанность панели запросить желаемое место, даже если она не будет этим пользоваться
            child.Measure(childConstraint);
            if (child.Visibility != Visibility.Collapsed) ++items;
        }

        // Итоговая желаемая высота панели
        int rows = (columns + items - 1) / columns;
        double height = CalcTotalSpace(rows - 1) + rows * childLength;
        return new Size(constraint.Width, height);
    }

    // Этап размещения элементов
    protected override Size ArrangeOverride(Size arrangeSize)
    {
        double childLength = (arrangeSize.Width - totalSpace) / columns;
        if (childLength < 0) childLength = 0;

        int items = 0;
        foreach (UIElement child in InternalChildren)
        {
            int column = items % columns;
            int row = items / columns;
            double x = column * childLength + CalcTotalSpace(column);
            double y = row * childLength + CalcTotalSpace(row);
            var childBounds = new Rect(x, y, childLength, childLength);
            // Размещаем
            child.Arrange(childBounds);
            if (child.Visibility != Visibility.Collapsed) ++items;
        }

        int rows = (columns + items - 1) / columns;
        double height = CalcTotalSpace(rows - 1) + rows * childLength;
        return new Size(arrangeSize.Width, height);
    }

    private int columns;
    private int longSpacePeriod;
    private double longSpace;
    private double shortSpace;
    private double totalSpace;

    private double CalcTotalSpace(int totalNum)
    {
        if (totalNum < 0) return 0;
        int longNum = totalNum / longSpacePeriod;
        int shortNum = totalNum - longNum;
        return longNum * longSpace + shortNum * shortSpace;
    }
}

class MainVm : Vm
{
    public List<int> Items { get; } = Enumerable.Range(0, 53 * 10).ToList();
}

<Grid Margin="5">
    <ScrollViewer VerticalScrollBarVisibility="Auto">
        <ItemsControl ItemsSource="{Binding Items}" VerticalAlignment="Top">
            <ItemsControl.ItemsPanel>
                <ItemsPanelTemplate>
                    <c:SplitGrid Columns="53" ShortSpace="2" LongSpace="5" LongSpacePeriod="5"/>
                </ItemsPanelTemplate>
            </ItemsControl.ItemsPanel>
            <ItemsControl.ItemTemplate>
                <DataTemplate>
                    <Border BorderBrush="Gray" BorderThickness="1"/>
                </DataTemplate>
            </ItemsControl.ItemTemplate>
        </ItemsControl>
    </ScrollViewer>
</Grid>