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  1. <html><head><title>chatgpt-vlang-report</title><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.oaistatic.com/assets/root-c50u45tq.css"></head><body><main class="transition-width @w-sm/main:[scrollbar-gutter:stable_both-edges] relative min-h-0 min-w-0 flex-1 overflow-x-clip overflow-y-auto [scrollbar-gutter:stable]" id="main" z-index="-1"><div id="thread" class="group/thread flex flex-col min-h-full"><div role="presentation" class="composer-parent flex flex-1 flex-col focus-visible:outline-0"><div class="relative basis-auto flex-col -mb-(--composer-overlap-px) [--composer-overlap-px:55px] grow flex"><div aria-hidden="true" data-edge="true" class="pointer-events-none h-px w-px absolute top-0"></div><div class="flex flex-col text-sm @w-xl/main:pt-header-height pb-25" style=""><article class="text-token-text-primary w-full focus:outline-none [--shadow-height:45px] has-data-writing-block:pointer-events-none has-data-writing-block:-mt-(--shadow-height) has-data-writing-block:pt-(--shadow-height) [&amp;:has([data-writing-block])&gt;*]:pointer-events-auto scroll-mt-(--header-height)" tabindex="-1" dir="auto" data-turn-id="76eb67dc-8164-46e3-a476-0a647e09f906" data-testid="conversation-turn-1" data-scroll-anchor="false" data-turn="user"><h5 class="sr-only">You said:</h5><div class="text-base my-auto mx-auto pt-3 [--thread-content-margin:--spacing(4)] @w-sm/main:[--thread-content-margin:--spacing(6)] @w-lg/main:[--thread-content-margin:--spacing(16)] px-(--thread-content-margin)"><div class="[--thread-content-max-width:40rem] @w-lg/main:[--thread-content-max-width:48rem] mx-auto max-w-(--thread-content-max-width) flex-1 group/turn-messages focus-visible:outline-hidden relative flex w-full min-w-0 flex-col" tabindex="-1"><div class="flex max-w-full flex-col grow"><div data-message-author-role="user" data-message-id="76eb67dc-8164-46e3-a476-0a647e09f906" dir="auto" class="min-h-8 text-message relative flex w-full flex-col items-end gap-2 text-start break-words whitespace-normal [.text-message+&amp;]:mt-1"><div class="flex w-full flex-col gap-1 empty:hidden items-end rtl:items-start"><div class="user-message-bubble-color corner-superellipse/1.1 relative rounded-[18px] px-4 py-1.5 data-[multiline]:py-3 max-w-[var(--user-chat-width,70%)]" data-multiline=""><div class="whitespace-pre-wrap"># role you are an expert in programming language compilers
  2.  
  3. how did vlang achieve compilation speed faster than anything in the world</div></div></div></div></div><div class="z-0 flex justify-end"><div class="touch:-me-2 touch:-ms-3.5 -ms-2.5 -me-1 flex flex-wrap items-center gap-y-4 p-1 select-none focus-within:transition-none hover:transition-none touch:pointer-events-auto touch:opacity-100 duration-300 group-hover/turn-messages:delay-300 pointer-events-none opacity-0 motion-safe:transition-opacity group-hover/turn-messages:pointer-events-auto group-hover/turn-messages:opacity-100 group-focus-within/turn-messages:pointer-events-auto group-focus-within/turn-messages:opacity-100 has-data-[state=open]:pointer-events-auto has-data-[state=open]:opacity-100" style="mask-position: 0% 0%;"><button class="text-token-text-secondary hover:bg-token-bg-secondary rounded-lg" aria-label="Copy" aria-pressed="false" data-testid="copy-turn-action-button" data-state="closed"><span class="flex items-center justify-center touch:w-10 h-8 w-8"><svg width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="currentColor" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon"><path d="M12.668 10.667C12.668 9.95614 12.668 9.46258 12.6367 9.0791C12.6137 8.79732 12.5758 8.60761 12.5244 8.46387L12.4688 8.33399C12.3148 8.03193 12.0803 7.77885 11.793 7.60254L11.666 7.53125C11.508 7.45087 11.2963 7.39395 10.9209 7.36328C10.5374 7.33197 10.0439 7.33203 9.33301 7.33203H6.5C5.78896 7.33203 5.29563 7.33195 4.91211 7.36328C4.63016 7.38632 4.44065 7.42413 4.29688 7.47559L4.16699 7.53125C3.86488 7.68518 3.61186 7.9196 3.43555 8.20703L3.36524 8.33399C3.28478 8.49198 3.22795 8.70352 3.19727 9.0791C3.16595 9.46259 3.16504 9.95611 3.16504 10.667V13.5C3.16504 14.211 3.16593 14.7044 3.19727 15.0879C3.22797 15.4636 3.28473 15.675 3.36524 15.833L3.43555 15.959C3.61186 16.2466 3.86474 16.4807 4.16699 16.6348L4.29688 16.6914C4.44063 16.7428 4.63025 16.7797 4.91211 16.8027C5.29563 16.8341 5.78896 16.835 6.5 16.835H9.33301C10.0439 16.835 10.5374 16.8341 10.9209 16.8027C11.2965 16.772 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7.33562 5.54719 7.33399 6.00195H9.33301C10.022 6.00195 10.5791 6.00131 11.0293 6.03809C11.4873 6.07551 11.8937 6.15471 12.2705 6.34668L12.4883 6.46875C12.984 6.7728 13.3878 7.20854 13.6533 7.72949L13.7197 7.87207C13.8642 8.20859 13.9292 8.56974 13.9619 8.9707C13.9987 9.42092 13.998 9.97799 13.998 10.667V12.665ZM18.165 9.33301C18.165 10.022 18.1657 10.5791 18.1289 11.0293C18.0961 11.4302 18.0311 11.7914 17.8867 12.1279L17.8203 12.2705C17.5549 12.7914 17.1509 13.2272 16.6553 13.5313L16.4365 13.6533C16.0599 13.8452 15.6541 13.9245 15.1963 13.9619C14.8593 13.9895 14.4624 13.9935 13.9951 13.9951C13.9935 14.4624 13.9895 14.8593 13.9619 15.1963C13.9292 15.597 13.864 15.9576 13.7197 16.2939L13.6533 16.4365C13.3878 16.9576 12.9841 17.3941 12.4883 17.6982L12.2705 17.8203C11.8937 18.0123 11.4873 18.0915 11.0293 18.1289C10.5791 18.1657 10.022 18.165 9.33301 18.165H6.5C5.81091 18.165 5.25395 18.1657 4.80371 18.1289C4.40306 18.0962 4.04235 18.031 3.70606 17.8867L3.56348 17.8203C3.04244 17.5548 2.60585 17.151 2.30176 16.6553L2.17969 16.4365C1.98788 16.0599 1.90851 15.6541 1.87109 15.1963C1.83431 14.746 1.83496 14.1891 1.83496 13.5V10.667C1.83496 9.978 1.83432 9.42091 1.87109 8.9707C1.90851 8.5127 1.98772 8.10625 2.17969 7.72949L2.30176 7.51172C2.60586 7.0159 3.04236 6.6122 3.56348 6.34668L3.70606 6.28027C4.04237 6.136 4.40303 6.07083 4.80371 6.03809C5.14051 6.01057 5.53708 6.00551 6.00391 6.00391C6.00551 5.53708 6.01057 5.14051 6.03809 4.80371C6.0755 4.34588 6.15483 3.94012 6.34668 3.56348L6.46875 3.34473C6.77282 2.84912 7.20856 2.44514 7.72949 2.17969L7.87207 2.11328C8.20855 1.96886 8.56979 1.90385 8.9707 1.87109C9.42091 1.83432 9.978 1.83496 10.667 1.83496H13.5C14.1891 1.83496 14.746 1.83431 15.1963 1.87109C15.6541 1.90851 16.0599 1.98788 16.4365 2.17969L16.6553 2.30176C17.151 2.60585 17.5548 3.04244 17.8203 3.56348L17.8867 3.70606C18.031 4.04235 18.0962 4.40306 18.1289 4.80371C18.1657 5.25395 18.165 5.81091 18.165 6.5V9.33301Z"></path></svg></span></button></div></div></div></div></article><article class="text-token-text-primary w-full focus:outline-none [--shadow-height:45px] has-data-writing-block:pointer-events-none has-data-writing-block:-mt-(--shadow-height) has-data-writing-block:pt-(--shadow-height) [&amp;:has([data-writing-block])&gt;*]:pointer-events-auto scroll-mt-[calc(var(--header-height)+min(200px,max(70px,20svh)))]" tabindex="-1" dir="auto" data-turn-id="request-WEB:b49205b6-1923-47b3-8313-dee163ff198f-0" data-testid="conversation-turn-2" data-scroll-anchor="false" data-turn="assistant"><h6 class="sr-only">ChatGPT said:</h6><div class="text-base my-auto mx-auto [--thread-content-margin:--spacing(4)] @w-sm/main:[--thread-content-margin:--spacing(6)] @w-lg/main:[--thread-content-margin:--spacing(16)] px-(--thread-content-margin)"><div class="[--thread-content-max-width:40rem] @w-lg/main:[--thread-content-max-width:48rem] mx-auto max-w-(--thread-content-max-width) flex-1 group/turn-messages focus-visible:outline-hidden relative flex w-full min-w-0 flex-col agent-turn" tabindex="-1"><div class="flex max-w-full flex-col grow"><div data-message-author-role="assistant" data-message-id="9daf708f-97a0-4cfc-a4b6-293a72b26bb3" dir="auto" class="min-h-8 text-message relative flex w-full flex-col items-end gap-2 text-start break-words whitespace-normal [.text-message+&amp;]:mt-1" data-message-model-slug="gpt-5-mini"><div class="flex w-full flex-col gap-1 empty:hidden first:pt-[1px]"><div class="markdown prose dark:prose-invert w-full break-words light markdown-new-styling"><p data-start="0" data-end="296">Vlang is indeed famous for its <strong data-start="31" data-end="67">extremely fast compilation speed</strong>, often cited as being faster than C, Go, and even some scripting languages. The speed comes from a combination of careful design decisions at multiple layers of the compiler. Here's a detailed breakdown of how V achieves this:</p>
  4. <hr data-start="298" data-end="301">
  5. <h3 data-start="303" data-end="337"><strong data-start="307" data-end="337">1. Single-pass compilation</strong></h3>
  6. <ul data-start="338" data-end="698">
  7. <li data-start="338" data-end="484">
  8. <p data-start="340" data-end="484">V uses a <strong data-start="349" data-end="373">single-pass compiler</strong>, meaning it parses, analyzes, and generates code in one pass rather than multiple passes over the source code.</p>
  9. </li>
  10. <li data-start="485" data-end="629">
  11. <p data-start="487" data-end="629">Most traditional compilers (like GCC or Clang) have multiple passes for lexing, parsing, semantic analysis, optimization, and code generation.</p>
  12. </li>
  13. <li data-start="630" data-end="698">
  14. <p data-start="632" data-end="698">By avoiding multiple passes, V reduces the overhead significantly.</p>
  15. </li>
  16. </ul>
  17. <hr data-start="700" data-end="703">
  18. <h3 data-start="705" data-end="760"><strong data-start="709" data-end="760">2. No precompiled headers, minimal dependencies</strong></h3>
  19. <ul data-start="761" data-end="1034">
  20. <li data-start="761" data-end="798">
  21. <p data-start="763" data-end="798">V avoids heavy dependency chains.</p>
  22. </li>
  23. <li data-start="799" data-end="916">
  24. <p data-start="801" data-end="916">The compiler is designed so that <strong data-start="834" data-end="880">every project can be compiled in isolation</strong> with minimal dependency resolution.</p>
  25. </li>
  26. <li data-start="917" data-end="1034">
  27. <p data-start="919" data-end="1034">In C/C++, for example, header files and templates can drastically slow down compilation. V sidesteps that entirely.</p>
  28. </li>
  29. </ul>
  30. <hr data-start="1036" data-end="1039">
  31. <h3 data-start="1041" data-end="1089"><strong data-start="1045" data-end="1089">3. Minimal runtime and zero dependencies</strong></h3>
  32. <ul data-start="1090" data-end="1412">
  33. <li data-start="1090" data-end="1178">
  34. <p data-start="1092" data-end="1178">V’s runtime is extremely small—basically just enough to support the language features.</p>
  35. </li>
  36. <li data-start="1179" data-end="1283">
  37. <p data-start="1181" data-end="1283">This reduces work during compilation and linking because there’s almost no runtime to link or process.</p>
  38. </li>
  39. <li data-start="1284" data-end="1412">
  40. <p data-start="1286" data-end="1412">Compare this to languages like Rust or Go, which have heavier standard libraries that need to be processed during compilation.</p>
  41. </li>
  42. </ul>
  43. <hr data-start="1414" data-end="1417">
  44. <h3 data-start="1419" data-end="1459"><strong data-start="1423" data-end="1459">4. Simplicity in language design</strong></h3>
  45. <ul data-start="1460" data-end="1750">
  46. <li data-start="1460" data-end="1508">
  47. <p data-start="1462" data-end="1508">V is intentionally <strong data-start="1481" data-end="1507">restrictive and simple</strong>.</p>
  48. </li>
  49. <li data-start="1509" data-end="1647">
  50. <p data-start="1511" data-end="1647">Features like generics, templates, or complex macros are either limited or implemented in a way that does not blow up compilation times.</p>
  51. </li>
  52. <li data-start="1648" data-end="1750">
  53. <p data-start="1650" data-end="1750">Simple ASTs (Abstract Syntax Trees) and minimal semantic checks allow for <strong data-start="1724" data-end="1749">very fast compilation</strong>.</p>
  54. </li>
  55. </ul>
  56. <hr data-start="1752" data-end="1755">
  57. <h3 data-start="1757" data-end="1811"><strong data-start="1761" data-end="1811">5. Ahead-of-time (AOT) compilation without JIT</strong></h3>
  58. <ul data-start="1812" data-end="2111">
  59. <li data-start="1812" data-end="1895">
  60. <p data-start="1814" data-end="1895">V compiles <strong data-start="1825" data-end="1842">directly to C</strong> (and optionally to machine code in future backends).</p>
  61. </li>
  62. <li data-start="1896" data-end="2057">
  63. <p data-start="1898" data-end="2057">By using C as an intermediate representation, it can leverage existing C compilers for optimization, while still being extremely fast in generating the C code.</p>
  64. </li>
  65. <li data-start="2058" data-end="2111">
  66. <p data-start="2060" data-end="2111">This is similar in spirit to Nim or Zig’s approach.</p>
  67. </li>
  68. </ul>
  69. <hr data-start="2113" data-end="2116">
  70. <h3 data-start="2118" data-end="2169"><strong data-start="2122" data-end="2169">6. Smart caching and file-level compilation</strong></h3>
  71. <ul data-start="2170" data-end="2337">
  72. <li data-start="2170" data-end="2228">
  73. <p data-start="2172" data-end="2228">V has <strong data-start="2178" data-end="2227">automatic recompilation of only changed files</strong>.</p>
  74. </li>
  75. <li data-start="2229" data-end="2337">
  76. <p data-start="2231" data-end="2337">Combined with small binaries and a simplified dependency graph, incremental compilation is extremely fast.</p>
  77. </li>
  78. </ul>
  79. <hr data-start="2339" data-end="2342">
  80. <h3 data-start="2344" data-end="2376"><strong data-start="2348" data-end="2376">7. Compiler written in V</strong></h3>
  81. <ul data-start="2377" data-end="2580">
  82. <li data-start="2377" data-end="2484">
  83. <p data-start="2379" data-end="2484">The V compiler is written in V itself, and V’s design ensures <strong data-start="2441" data-end="2483">self-hosting compilation is super fast</strong>.</p>
  84. </li>
  85. <li data-start="2485" data-end="2580">
  86. <p data-start="2487" data-end="2580">Every language feature in V is carefully designed to <strong data-start="2540" data-end="2577">not slow down the compiler itself</strong>.</p>
  87. </li>
  88. </ul>
  89. <hr data-start="2582" data-end="2585">
  90. <h3 data-start="2587" data-end="2605"><strong data-start="2591" data-end="2605">In summary</strong></h3>
  91. <p data-start="2606" data-end="2654">V achieves extreme compilation speed because it:</p>
  92. <ol data-start="2655" data-end="2938">
  93. <li data-start="2655" data-end="2686">
  94. <p data-start="2658" data-end="2686">Uses a single-pass compiler.</p>
  95. </li>
  96. <li data-start="2687" data-end="2734">
  97. <p data-start="2690" data-end="2734">Avoids heavy dependencies and runtime bloat.</p>
  98. </li>
  99. <li data-start="2735" data-end="2780">
  100. <p data-start="2738" data-end="2780">Keeps the language simple and predictable.</p>
  101. </li>
  102. <li data-start="2781" data-end="2845">
  103. <p data-start="2784" data-end="2845">Compiles to C, leveraging its simplicity for code generation.</p>
  104. </li>
  105. <li data-start="2846" data-end="2890">
  106. <p data-start="2849" data-end="2890">Implements smart incremental compilation.</p>
  107. </li>
  108. <li data-start="2891" data-end="2938">
  109. <p data-start="2894" data-end="2938">Is written in a language designed for speed.</p>
  110. </li>
  111. </ol>
  112. <p data-start="2940" data-end="3131">The philosophy is: <strong data-start="2959" data-end="2986">simplicity &gt; complexity</strong>. By keeping both the compiler and the language minimal, V can outperform even C in terms of raw compilation speed for small and medium projects.</p>
  113. <hr data-start="3133" data-end="3136">
  114. <p data-start="3138" data-end="3339">If you want, I can make a <strong data-start="3164" data-end="3263">side-by-side comparison showing why V can compile faster than C, Go, and Rust for the same code</strong>, with step-by-step reasoning about each overhead. It’s quite eye-opening.</p>
  115. <p data-start="3341" data-end="3367" data-is-last-node="" data-is-only-node="">Do you want me to do that?</p></div></div></div></div><div class="z-0 flex min-h-[46px] justify-start"><div class="touch:-me-2 touch:-ms-3.5 -ms-2.5 -me-1 flex flex-wrap items-center gap-y-4 p-1 select-none touch:w-[calc(100%+--spacing(3.5))] -mt-1 w-[calc(100%+--spacing(2.5))] duration-[1.5s] focus-within:transition-none hover:transition-none touch:pointer-events-auto pointer-events-none [mask-image:linear-gradient(to_right,black_33%,transparent_66%)] [mask-size:300%_100%] [mask-position:100%_0%] motion-safe:transition-[mask-position] group-hover/turn-messages:pointer-events-auto group-hover/turn-messages:[mask-position:0_0] group-focus-within/turn-messages:pointer-events-auto group-focus-within/turn-messages:[mask-position:0_0] has-data-[state=open]:pointer-events-auto has-data-[state=open]:[mask-position:0_0]" style="mask-position: 0% 0%;"><button class="text-token-text-secondary hover:bg-token-bg-secondary rounded-lg" aria-label="Copy" aria-pressed="false" data-testid="copy-turn-action-button" data-state="closed"><span class="flex items-center justify-center touch:w-10 h-8 w-8"><svg width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="currentColor" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon"><path d="M12.668 10.667C12.668 9.95614 12.668 9.46258 12.6367 9.0791C12.6137 8.79732 12.5758 8.60761 12.5244 8.46387L12.4688 8.33399C12.3148 8.03193 12.0803 7.77885 11.793 7.60254L11.666 7.53125C11.508 7.45087 11.2963 7.39395 10.9209 7.36328C10.5374 7.33197 10.0439 7.33203 9.33301 7.33203H6.5C5.78896 7.33203 5.29563 7.33195 4.91211 7.36328C4.63016 7.38632 4.44065 7.42413 4.29688 7.47559L4.16699 7.53125C3.86488 7.68518 3.61186 7.9196 3.43555 8.20703L3.36524 8.33399C3.28478 8.49198 3.22795 8.70352 3.19727 9.0791C3.16595 9.46259 3.16504 9.95611 3.16504 10.667V13.5C3.16504 14.211 3.16593 14.7044 3.19727 15.0879C3.22797 15.4636 3.28473 15.675 3.36524 15.833L3.43555 15.959C3.61186 16.2466 3.86474 16.4807 4.16699 16.6348L4.29688 16.6914C4.44063 16.7428 4.63025 16.7797 4.91211 16.8027C5.29563 16.8341 5.78896 16.835 6.5 16.835H9.33301C10.0439 16.835 10.5374 16.8341 10.9209 16.8027C11.2965 16.772 11.508 16.7152 11.666 16.6348L11.793 16.5645C12.0804 16.3881 12.3148 16.1351 12.4688 15.833L12.5244 15.7031C12.5759 15.5594 12.6137 15.3698 12.6367 15.0879C12.6681 14.7044 12.668 14.211 12.668 13.5V10.667ZM13.998 12.665C14.4528 12.6634 14.8011 12.6602 15.0879 12.6367C15.4635 12.606 15.675 12.5492 15.833 12.4688L15.959 12.3975C16.2466 12.2211 16.4808 11.9682 16.6348 11.666L16.6914 11.5361C16.7428 11.3924 16.7797 11.2026 16.8027 10.9209C16.8341 10.5374 16.835 10.0439 16.835 9.33301V6.5C16.835 5.78896 16.8341 5.29563 16.8027 4.91211C16.7797 4.63025 16.7428 4.44063 16.6914 4.29688L16.6348 4.16699C16.4807 3.86474 16.2466 3.61186 15.959 3.43555L15.833 3.36524C15.675 3.28473 15.4636 3.22797 15.0879 3.19727C14.7044 3.16593 14.211 3.16504 13.5 3.16504H10.667C9.9561 3.16504 9.46259 3.16595 9.0791 3.19727C8.79739 3.22028 8.6076 3.2572 8.46387 3.30859L8.33399 3.36524C8.03176 3.51923 7.77886 3.75343 7.60254 4.04102L7.53125 4.16699C7.4508 4.32498 7.39397 4.53655 7.36328 4.91211C7.33985 5.19893 7.33562 5.54719 7.33399 6.00195H9.33301C10.022 6.00195 10.5791 6.00131 11.0293 6.03809C11.4873 6.07551 11.8937 6.15471 12.2705 6.34668L12.4883 6.46875C12.984 6.7728 13.3878 7.20854 13.6533 7.72949L13.7197 7.87207C13.8642 8.20859 13.9292 8.56974 13.9619 8.9707C13.9987 9.42092 13.998 9.97799 13.998 10.667V12.665ZM18.165 9.33301C18.165 10.022 18.1657 10.5791 18.1289 11.0293C18.0961 11.4302 18.0311 11.7914 17.8867 12.1279L17.8203 12.2705C17.5549 12.7914 17.1509 13.2272 16.6553 13.5313L16.4365 13.6533C16.0599 13.8452 15.6541 13.9245 15.1963 13.9619C14.8593 13.9895 14.4624 13.9935 13.9951 13.9951C13.9935 14.4624 13.9895 14.8593 13.9619 15.1963C13.9292 15.597 13.864 15.9576 13.7197 16.2939L13.6533 16.4365C13.3878 16.9576 12.9841 17.3941 12.4883 17.6982L12.2705 17.8203C11.8937 18.0123 11.4873 18.0915 11.0293 18.1289C10.5791 18.1657 10.022 18.165 9.33301 18.165H6.5C5.81091 18.165 5.25395 18.1657 4.80371 18.1289C4.40306 18.0962 4.04235 18.031 3.70606 17.8867L3.56348 17.8203C3.04244 17.5548 2.60585 17.151 2.30176 16.6553L2.17969 16.4365C1.98788 16.0599 1.90851 15.6541 1.87109 15.1963C1.83431 14.746 1.83496 14.1891 1.83496 13.5V10.667C1.83496 9.978 1.83432 9.42091 1.87109 8.9707C1.90851 8.5127 1.98772 8.10625 2.17969 7.72949L2.30176 7.51172C2.60586 7.0159 3.04236 6.6122 3.56348 6.34668L3.70606 6.28027C4.04237 6.136 4.40303 6.07083 4.80371 6.03809C5.14051 6.01057 5.53708 6.00551 6.00391 6.00391C6.00551 5.53708 6.01057 5.14051 6.03809 4.80371C6.0755 4.34588 6.15483 3.94012 6.34668 3.56348L6.46875 3.34473C6.77282 2.84912 7.20856 2.44514 7.72949 2.17969L7.87207 2.11328C8.20855 1.96886 8.56979 1.90385 8.9707 1.87109C9.42091 1.83432 9.978 1.83496 10.667 1.83496H13.5C14.1891 1.83496 14.746 1.83431 15.1963 1.87109C15.6541 1.90851 16.0599 1.98788 16.4365 2.17969L16.6553 2.30176C17.151 2.60585 17.5548 3.04244 17.8203 3.56348L17.8867 3.70606C18.031 4.04235 18.0962 4.40306 18.1289 4.80371C18.1657 5.25395 18.165 5.81091 18.165 6.5V9.33301Z"></path></svg></span></button></div></div></div></div></article><article class="text-token-text-primary w-full focus:outline-none [--shadow-height:45px] has-data-writing-block:pointer-events-none has-data-writing-block:-mt-(--shadow-height) has-data-writing-block:pt-(--shadow-height) [&amp;:has([data-writing-block])&gt;*]:pointer-events-auto scroll-mt-(--header-height)" tabindex="-1" dir="auto" data-turn-id="81647883-2e1a-4972-beae-d302f5fcb00c" data-testid="conversation-turn-3" data-scroll-anchor="false" data-turn="user" style="scroll-margin-top: -28px;"><h5 class="sr-only">You said:</h5><div class="text-base my-auto mx-auto pt-12 [--thread-content-margin:--spacing(4)] @w-sm/main:[--thread-content-margin:--spacing(6)] @w-lg/main:[--thread-content-margin:--spacing(16)] px-(--thread-content-margin)"><div class="[--thread-content-max-width:40rem] @w-lg/main:[--thread-content-max-width:48rem] mx-auto max-w-(--thread-content-max-width) flex-1 group/turn-messages focus-visible:outline-hidden relative flex w-full min-w-0 flex-col" tabindex="-1"><div class="flex max-w-full flex-col grow"><div data-message-author-role="user" data-message-id="81647883-2e1a-4972-beae-d302f5fcb00c" dir="auto" class="min-h-8 text-message relative flex w-full flex-col items-end gap-2 text-start break-words whitespace-normal [.text-message+&amp;]:mt-1"><div class="flex w-full flex-col gap-1 empty:hidden items-end rtl:items-start"><div class="user-message-bubble-color corner-superellipse/1.1 relative rounded-[18px] px-4 py-1.5 data-[multiline]:py-3 max-w-[var(--user-chat-width,70%)]"><div class="whitespace-pre-wrap">so it's similar to turbo pascal single pass in a way ?</div></div></div></div></div><div class="z-0 flex justify-end"><div class="touch:-me-2 touch:-ms-3.5 -ms-2.5 -me-1 flex flex-wrap items-center gap-y-4 p-1 select-none focus-within:transition-none hover:transition-none touch:pointer-events-auto touch:opacity-100 duration-300 group-hover/turn-messages:delay-300 pointer-events-none opacity-0 motion-safe:transition-opacity group-hover/turn-messages:pointer-events-auto group-hover/turn-messages:opacity-100 group-focus-within/turn-messages:pointer-events-auto group-focus-within/turn-messages:opacity-100 has-data-[state=open]:pointer-events-auto has-data-[state=open]:opacity-100" style="mask-position: 0% 0%;"><button class="text-token-text-secondary hover:bg-token-bg-secondary rounded-lg" aria-label="Copy" aria-pressed="false" data-testid="copy-turn-action-button" data-state="closed"><span class="flex items-center justify-center touch:w-10 h-8 w-8"><svg width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="currentColor" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon"><path d="M12.668 10.667C12.668 9.95614 12.668 9.46258 12.6367 9.0791C12.6137 8.79732 12.5758 8.60761 12.5244 8.46387L12.4688 8.33399C12.3148 8.03193 12.0803 7.77885 11.793 7.60254L11.666 7.53125C11.508 7.45087 11.2963 7.39395 10.9209 7.36328C10.5374 7.33197 10.0439 7.33203 9.33301 7.33203H6.5C5.78896 7.33203 5.29563 7.33195 4.91211 7.36328C4.63016 7.38632 4.44065 7.42413 4.29688 7.47559L4.16699 7.53125C3.86488 7.68518 3.61186 7.9196 3.43555 8.20703L3.36524 8.33399C3.28478 8.49198 3.22795 8.70352 3.19727 9.0791C3.16595 9.46259 3.16504 9.95611 3.16504 10.667V13.5C3.16504 14.211 3.16593 14.7044 3.19727 15.0879C3.22797 15.4636 3.28473 15.675 3.36524 15.833L3.43555 15.959C3.61186 16.2466 3.86474 16.4807 4.16699 16.6348L4.29688 16.6914C4.44063 16.7428 4.63025 16.7797 4.91211 16.8027C5.29563 16.8341 5.78896 16.835 6.5 16.835H9.33301C10.0439 16.835 10.5374 16.8341 10.9209 16.8027C11.2965 16.772 11.508 16.7152 11.666 16.6348L11.793 16.5645C12.0804 16.3881 12.3148 16.1351 12.4688 15.833L12.5244 15.7031C12.5759 15.5594 12.6137 15.3698 12.6367 15.0879C12.6681 14.7044 12.668 14.211 12.668 13.5V10.667ZM13.998 12.665C14.4528 12.6634 14.8011 12.6602 15.0879 12.6367C15.4635 12.606 15.675 12.5492 15.833 12.4688L15.959 12.3975C16.2466 12.2211 16.4808 11.9682 16.6348 11.666L16.6914 11.5361C16.7428 11.3924 16.7797 11.2026 16.8027 10.9209C16.8341 10.5374 16.835 10.0439 16.835 9.33301V6.5C16.835 5.78896 16.8341 5.29563 16.8027 4.91211C16.7797 4.63025 16.7428 4.44063 16.6914 4.29688L16.6348 4.16699C16.4807 3.86474 16.2466 3.61186 15.959 3.43555L15.833 3.36524C15.675 3.28473 15.4636 3.22797 15.0879 3.19727C14.7044 3.16593 14.211 3.16504 13.5 3.16504H10.667C9.9561 3.16504 9.46259 3.16595 9.0791 3.19727C8.79739 3.22028 8.6076 3.2572 8.46387 3.30859L8.33399 3.36524C8.03176 3.51923 7.77886 3.75343 7.60254 4.04102L7.53125 4.16699C7.4508 4.32498 7.39397 4.53655 7.36328 4.91211C7.33985 5.19893 7.33562 5.54719 7.33399 6.00195H9.33301C10.022 6.00195 10.5791 6.00131 11.0293 6.03809C11.4873 6.07551 11.8937 6.15471 12.2705 6.34668L12.4883 6.46875C12.984 6.7728 13.3878 7.20854 13.6533 7.72949L13.7197 7.87207C13.8642 8.20859 13.9292 8.56974 13.9619 8.9707C13.9987 9.42092 13.998 9.97799 13.998 10.667V12.665ZM18.165 9.33301C18.165 10.022 18.1657 10.5791 18.1289 11.0293C18.0961 11.4302 18.0311 11.7914 17.8867 12.1279L17.8203 12.2705C17.5549 12.7914 17.1509 13.2272 16.6553 13.5313L16.4365 13.6533C16.0599 13.8452 15.6541 13.9245 15.1963 13.9619C14.8593 13.9895 14.4624 13.9935 13.9951 13.9951C13.9935 14.4624 13.9895 14.8593 13.9619 15.1963C13.9292 15.597 13.864 15.9576 13.7197 16.2939L13.6533 16.4365C13.3878 16.9576 12.9841 17.3941 12.4883 17.6982L12.2705 17.8203C11.8937 18.0123 11.4873 18.0915 11.0293 18.1289C10.5791 18.1657 10.022 18.165 9.33301 18.165H6.5C5.81091 18.165 5.25395 18.1657 4.80371 18.1289C4.40306 18.0962 4.04235 18.031 3.70606 17.8867L3.56348 17.8203C3.04244 17.5548 2.60585 17.151 2.30176 16.6553L2.17969 16.4365C1.98788 16.0599 1.90851 15.6541 1.87109 15.1963C1.83431 14.746 1.83496 14.1891 1.83496 13.5V10.667C1.83496 9.978 1.83432 9.42091 1.87109 8.9707C1.90851 8.5127 1.98772 8.10625 2.17969 7.72949L2.30176 7.51172C2.60586 7.0159 3.04236 6.6122 3.56348 6.34668L3.70606 6.28027C4.04237 6.136 4.40303 6.07083 4.80371 6.03809C5.14051 6.01057 5.53708 6.00551 6.00391 6.00391C6.00551 5.53708 6.01057 5.14051 6.03809 4.80371C6.0755 4.34588 6.15483 3.94012 6.34668 3.56348L6.46875 3.34473C6.77282 2.84912 7.20856 2.44514 7.72949 2.17969L7.87207 2.11328C8.20855 1.96886 8.56979 1.90385 8.9707 1.87109C9.42091 1.83432 9.978 1.83496 10.667 1.83496H13.5C14.1891 1.83496 14.746 1.83431 15.1963 1.87109C15.6541 1.90851 16.0599 1.98788 16.4365 2.17969L16.6553 2.30176C17.151 2.60585 17.5548 3.04244 17.8203 3.56348L17.8867 3.70606C18.031 4.04235 18.0962 4.40306 18.1289 4.80371C18.1657 5.25395 18.165 5.81091 18.165 6.5V9.33301Z"></path></svg></span></button></div></div></div></div></article><article class="text-token-text-primary w-full focus:outline-none [--shadow-height:45px] has-data-writing-block:pointer-events-none has-data-writing-block:-mt-(--shadow-height) has-data-writing-block:pt-(--shadow-height) [&amp;:has([data-writing-block])&gt;*]:pointer-events-auto scroll-mt-[calc(var(--header-height)+min(200px,max(70px,20svh)))]" tabindex="-1" style="" dir="auto" data-turn-id="request-WEB:b49205b6-1923-47b3-8313-dee163ff198f-1" data-testid="conversation-turn-4" data-scroll-anchor="false" data-turn="assistant"><h6 class="sr-only">ChatGPT said:</h6><div class="text-base my-auto mx-auto [--thread-content-margin:--spacing(4)] @w-sm/main:[--thread-content-margin:--spacing(6)] @w-lg/main:[--thread-content-margin:--spacing(16)] px-(--thread-content-margin)"><div class="[--thread-content-max-width:40rem] @w-lg/main:[--thread-content-max-width:48rem] mx-auto max-w-(--thread-content-max-width) flex-1 group/turn-messages focus-visible:outline-hidden relative flex w-full min-w-0 flex-col agent-turn" tabindex="-1"><div class="flex max-w-full flex-col grow"><div data-message-author-role="assistant" data-message-id="72e43166-6a55-4134-8554-24c2fbda6483" dir="auto" class="min-h-8 text-message relative flex w-full flex-col items-end gap-2 text-start break-words whitespace-normal [.text-message+&amp;]:mt-1" data-message-model-slug="gpt-5-mini"><div class="flex w-full flex-col gap-1 empty:hidden first:pt-[1px]"><div class="markdown prose dark:prose-invert w-full break-words light markdown-new-styling"><p data-start="0" data-end="40">Exactly! That’s a very apt comparison.</p>
  116. <p data-start="42" data-end="212">Turbo Pascal in the 1980s was <strong data-start="72" data-end="106">famous for instant compilation</strong>, and V uses a <strong data-start="121" data-end="143">similar philosophy</strong>, but modernized for today’s systems. Here’s how the analogy works:</p>
  117. <hr data-start="214" data-end="217">
  118. <h3 data-start="219" data-end="239"><strong data-start="223" data-end="239">Similarities</strong></h3>
  119. <ol data-start="240" data-end="1052">
  120. <li data-start="240" data-end="467">
  121. <p data-start="243" data-end="270"><strong data-start="243" data-end="270">Single-pass compilation</strong></p>
  122. <ul data-start="274" data-end="467">
  123. <li data-start="274" data-end="370">
  124. <p data-start="276" data-end="370">Turbo Pascal parsed, analyzed, and generated code in one pass—no separate optimization phases.</p>
  125. </li>
  126. <li data-start="374" data-end="467">
  127. <p data-start="376" data-end="467">V does essentially the same: parsing → semantic checking → code generation all in one pass.</p>
  128. </li>
  129. </ul>
  130. </li>
  131. <li data-start="469" data-end="633">
  132. <p data-start="472" data-end="491"><strong data-start="472" data-end="491">Minimal runtime</strong></p>
  133. <ul data-start="495" data-end="633">
  134. <li data-start="495" data-end="552">
  135. <p data-start="497" data-end="552">Turbo Pascal programs had very little runtime overhead.</p>
  136. </li>
  137. <li data-start="556" data-end="633">
  138. <p data-start="558" data-end="633">V’s runtime is extremely small, which reduces compilation and linking time.</p>
  139. </li>
  140. </ul>
  141. </li>
  142. <li data-start="635" data-end="887">
  143. <p data-start="638" data-end="664"><strong data-start="638" data-end="664">Simple language design</strong></p>
  144. <ul data-start="668" data-end="887">
  145. <li data-start="668" data-end="756">
  146. <p data-start="670" data-end="756">Turbo Pascal deliberately avoided overly complex features that would slow compilation.</p>
  147. </li>
  148. <li data-start="760" data-end="887">
  149. <p data-start="762" data-end="887">V similarly restricts features like complex generics, heavy metaprogramming, or advanced templates to keep the compiler fast.</p>
  150. </li>
  151. </ul>
  152. </li>
  153. <li data-start="889" data-end="1052">
  154. <p data-start="892" data-end="914"><strong data-start="892" data-end="914">Immediate feedback</strong></p>
  155. <ul data-start="918" data-end="1052">
  156. <li data-start="918" data-end="1052">
  157. <p data-start="920" data-end="1052">Both give developers the sense of “compile instantly, run immediately,” which is rare in modern compiled languages like C++ or Rust.</p>
  158. </li>
  159. </ul>
  160. </li>
  161. </ol>
  162. <hr data-start="1054" data-end="1057">
  163. <h3 data-start="1059" data-end="1100"><strong data-start="1063" data-end="1100">Differences / Modern enhancements</strong></h3>
  164. <ol data-start="1101" data-end="1709">
  165. <li data-start="1101" data-end="1338">
  166. <p data-start="1104" data-end="1124"><strong data-start="1104" data-end="1124">Modern toolchain</strong></p>
  167. <ul data-start="1128" data-end="1338">
  168. <li data-start="1128" data-end="1189">
  169. <p data-start="1130" data-end="1189">Turbo Pascal produced directly executable binaries for DOS.</p>
  170. </li>
  171. <li data-start="1193" data-end="1338">
  172. <p data-start="1195" data-end="1338">V currently compiles to <strong data-start="1219" data-end="1235">C code first</strong> (or optionally directly to machine code), which allows cross-platform builds and modern optimizations.</p>
  173. </li>
  174. </ul>
  175. </li>
  176. <li data-start="1340" data-end="1548">
  177. <p data-start="1343" data-end="1377"><strong data-start="1343" data-end="1377">Memory safety and extra checks</strong></p>
  178. <ul data-start="1381" data-end="1548">
  179. <li data-start="1381" data-end="1548">
  180. <p data-start="1383" data-end="1548">V performs some modern semantic checks (like immutable checking, optional bounds checking, etc.) that Turbo Pascal didn’t have, yet manages to remain extremely fast.</p>
  181. </li>
  182. </ul>
  183. </li>
  184. <li data-start="1550" data-end="1709">
  185. <p data-start="1553" data-end="1580"><strong data-start="1553" data-end="1580">Incremental compilation</strong></p>
  186. <ul data-start="1584" data-end="1709">
  187. <li data-start="1584" data-end="1633">
  188. <p data-start="1586" data-end="1633">Turbo Pascal always compiled the whole program.</p>
  189. </li>
  190. <li data-start="1637" data-end="1709">
  191. <p data-start="1639" data-end="1709">V can recompile <strong data-start="1655" data-end="1677">only changed files</strong>, so large projects remain fast.</p>
  192. </li>
  193. </ul>
  194. </li>
  195. </ol>
  196. <hr data-start="1711" data-end="1714">
  197. <p data-start="1716" data-end="1906">In short: Turbo Pascal is the historical inspiration for instant compilation, and V applies the <strong data-start="1812" data-end="1857">same single-pass, minimalistic philosophy</strong> but with modern language features and tooling.</p>
  198. <p data-start="1908" data-end="2116" data-is-last-node="" data-is-only-node="">If you want, I can break down <strong data-start="1938" data-end="1978">why V is even faster than Go or Rust</strong>, showing exactly which phases Turbo Pascal had vs. which V optimized further. That really shows the evolution. Do you want me to do that?</p></div></div></div></div><div class="z-0 flex min-h-[46px] justify-start"><div class="touch:-me-2 touch:-ms-3.5 -ms-2.5 -me-1 flex flex-wrap items-center gap-y-4 p-1 select-none touch:w-[calc(100%+--spacing(3.5))] -mt-1 w-[calc(100%+--spacing(2.5))] duration-[1.5s] focus-within:transition-none hover:transition-none touch:pointer-events-auto pointer-events-none [mask-image:linear-gradient(to_right,black_33%,transparent_66%)] [mask-size:300%_100%] [mask-position:100%_0%] motion-safe:transition-[mask-position] group-hover/turn-messages:pointer-events-auto group-hover/turn-messages:[mask-position:0_0] group-focus-within/turn-messages:pointer-events-auto group-focus-within/turn-messages:[mask-position:0_0] has-data-[state=open]:pointer-events-auto has-data-[state=open]:[mask-position:0_0]" style="mask-position: 0% 0%;"><button class="text-token-text-secondary hover:bg-token-bg-secondary rounded-lg" aria-label="Copy" aria-pressed="false" 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4.63025 16.7797 4.91211 16.8027C5.29563 16.8341 5.78896 16.835 6.5 16.835H9.33301C10.0439 16.835 10.5374 16.8341 10.9209 16.8027C11.2965 16.772 11.508 16.7152 11.666 16.6348L11.793 16.5645C12.0804 16.3881 12.3148 16.1351 12.4688 15.833L12.5244 15.7031C12.5759 15.5594 12.6137 15.3698 12.6367 15.0879C12.6681 14.7044 12.668 14.211 12.668 13.5V10.667ZM13.998 12.665C14.4528 12.6634 14.8011 12.6602 15.0879 12.6367C15.4635 12.606 15.675 12.5492 15.833 12.4688L15.959 12.3975C16.2466 12.2211 16.4808 11.9682 16.6348 11.666L16.6914 11.5361C16.7428 11.3924 16.7797 11.2026 16.8027 10.9209C16.8341 10.5374 16.835 10.0439 16.835 9.33301V6.5C16.835 5.78896 16.8341 5.29563 16.8027 4.91211C16.7797 4.63025 16.7428 4.44063 16.6914 4.29688L16.6348 4.16699C16.4807 3.86474 16.2466 3.61186 15.959 3.43555L15.833 3.36524C15.675 3.28473 15.4636 3.22797 15.0879 3.19727C14.7044 3.16593 14.211 3.16504 13.5 3.16504H10.667C9.9561 3.16504 9.46259 3.16595 9.0791 3.19727C8.79739 3.22028 8.6076 3.2572 8.46387 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9.33301 18.165H6.5C5.81091 18.165 5.25395 18.1657 4.80371 18.1289C4.40306 18.0962 4.04235 18.031 3.70606 17.8867L3.56348 17.8203C3.04244 17.5548 2.60585 17.151 2.30176 16.6553L2.17969 16.4365C1.98788 16.0599 1.90851 15.6541 1.87109 15.1963C1.83431 14.746 1.83496 14.1891 1.83496 13.5V10.667C1.83496 9.978 1.83432 9.42091 1.87109 8.9707C1.90851 8.5127 1.98772 8.10625 2.17969 7.72949L2.30176 7.51172C2.60586 7.0159 3.04236 6.6122 3.56348 6.34668L3.70606 6.28027C4.04237 6.136 4.40303 6.07083 4.80371 6.03809C5.14051 6.01057 5.53708 6.00551 6.00391 6.00391C6.00551 5.53708 6.01057 5.14051 6.03809 4.80371C6.0755 4.34588 6.15483 3.94012 6.34668 3.56348L6.46875 3.34473C6.77282 2.84912 7.20856 2.44514 7.72949 2.17969L7.87207 2.11328C8.20855 1.96886 8.56979 1.90385 8.9707 1.87109C9.42091 1.83432 9.978 1.83496 10.667 1.83496H13.5C14.1891 1.83496 14.746 1.83431 15.1963 1.87109C15.6541 1.90851 16.0599 1.98788 16.4365 2.17969L16.6553 2.30176C17.151 2.60585 17.5548 3.04244 17.8203 3.56348L17.8867 3.70606C18.031 4.04235 18.0962 4.40306 18.1289 4.80371C18.1657 5.25395 18.165 5.81091 18.165 6.5V9.33301Z"></path></svg></span></button></div></div></div></div></article><article class="text-token-text-primary w-full focus:outline-none [--shadow-height:45px] has-data-writing-block:pointer-events-none has-data-writing-block:-mt-(--shadow-height) has-data-writing-block:pt-(--shadow-height) [&amp;:has([data-writing-block])&gt;*]:pointer-events-auto scroll-mt-(--header-height)" tabindex="-1" dir="auto" data-turn-id="0f879f3b-a338-43a0-87a4-d0d5d434f75c" data-testid="conversation-turn-5" data-scroll-anchor="false" data-turn="user" style="scroll-margin-top: -64px;"><h5 class="sr-only">You said:</h5><div class="text-base my-auto mx-auto pt-12 [--thread-content-margin:--spacing(4)] @w-sm/main:[--thread-content-margin:--spacing(6)] @w-lg/main:[--thread-content-margin:--spacing(16)] px-(--thread-content-margin)"><div class="[--thread-content-max-width:40rem] @w-lg/main:[--thread-content-max-width:48rem] mx-auto max-w-(--thread-content-max-width) flex-1 group/turn-messages focus-visible:outline-hidden relative flex w-full min-w-0 flex-col" tabindex="-1"><div class="flex max-w-full flex-col grow"><div data-message-author-role="user" data-message-id="0f879f3b-a338-43a0-87a4-d0d5d434f75c" dir="auto" class="min-h-8 text-message relative flex w-full flex-col items-end gap-2 text-start break-words whitespace-normal [.text-message+&amp;]:mt-1"><div class="flex w-full flex-col gap-1 empty:hidden items-end rtl:items-start"><div class="user-message-bubble-color corner-superellipse/1.1 relative rounded-[18px] px-4 py-1.5 data-[multiline]:py-3 max-w-[var(--user-chat-width,70%)]" data-multiline=""><div class="whitespace-pre-wrap">i'm curious about the limitation of a single pass, does it restrict optimization ?</div></div></div></div></div><div class="z-0 flex justify-end"><div class="touch:-me-2 touch:-ms-3.5 -ms-2.5 -me-1 flex flex-wrap items-center 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8.9707C1.90851 8.5127 1.98772 8.10625 2.17969 7.72949L2.30176 7.51172C2.60586 7.0159 3.04236 6.6122 3.56348 6.34668L3.70606 6.28027C4.04237 6.136 4.40303 6.07083 4.80371 6.03809C5.14051 6.01057 5.53708 6.00551 6.00391 6.00391C6.00551 5.53708 6.01057 5.14051 6.03809 4.80371C6.0755 4.34588 6.15483 3.94012 6.34668 3.56348L6.46875 3.34473C6.77282 2.84912 7.20856 2.44514 7.72949 2.17969L7.87207 2.11328C8.20855 1.96886 8.56979 1.90385 8.9707 1.87109C9.42091 1.83432 9.978 1.83496 10.667 1.83496H13.5C14.1891 1.83496 14.746 1.83431 15.1963 1.87109C15.6541 1.90851 16.0599 1.98788 16.4365 2.17969L16.6553 2.30176C17.151 2.60585 17.5548 3.04244 17.8203 3.56348L17.8867 3.70606C18.031 4.04235 18.0962 4.40306 18.1289 4.80371C18.1657 5.25395 18.165 5.81091 18.165 6.5V9.33301Z"></path></svg></span></button></div></div></div></div></article><article class="text-token-text-primary w-full focus:outline-none [--shadow-height:45px] has-data-writing-block:pointer-events-none has-data-writing-block:-mt-(--shadow-height) has-data-writing-block:pt-(--shadow-height) [&amp;:has([data-writing-block])&gt;*]:pointer-events-auto scroll-mt-[calc(var(--header-height)+min(200px,max(70px,20svh)))]" tabindex="-1" style="" dir="auto" data-turn-id="request-WEB:b49205b6-1923-47b3-8313-dee163ff198f-2" data-testid="conversation-turn-6" data-scroll-anchor="false" data-turn="assistant"><h6 class="sr-only">ChatGPT said:</h6><div class="text-base my-auto mx-auto [--thread-content-margin:--spacing(4)] @w-sm/main:[--thread-content-margin:--spacing(6)] @w-lg/main:[--thread-content-margin:--spacing(16)] px-(--thread-content-margin)"><div class="[--thread-content-max-width:40rem] @w-lg/main:[--thread-content-max-width:48rem] mx-auto max-w-(--thread-content-max-width) flex-1 group/turn-messages focus-visible:outline-hidden relative flex w-full min-w-0 flex-col agent-turn" tabindex="-1"><div class="flex max-w-full flex-col grow"><div data-message-author-role="assistant" data-message-id="b5e2b7e6-6491-4792-bd58-455466a6526f" dir="auto" class="min-h-8 text-message relative flex w-full flex-col items-end gap-2 text-start break-words whitespace-normal [.text-message+&amp;]:mt-1" data-message-model-slug="gpt-5-mini"><div class="flex w-full flex-col gap-1 empty:hidden first:pt-[1px]"><div class="markdown prose dark:prose-invert w-full break-words light markdown-new-styling"><p data-start="0" data-end="171">Absolutely—it does impose some <strong data-start="31" data-end="74">fundamental limitations on optimization</strong>, and this is one of the trade-offs of single-pass compilation. Let me break it down carefully.</p>
  199. <hr data-start="173" data-end="176">
  200. <h3 data-start="178" data-end="228"><strong data-start="182" data-end="228">1. What single-pass means for optimization</strong></h3>
  201. <p data-start="229" data-end="257">In a single-pass compiler:</p>
  202. <ul data-start="258" data-end="482">
  203. <li data-start="258" data-end="407">
  204. <p data-start="260" data-end="407">The compiler reads the source code <strong data-start="295" data-end="303">once</strong>, performing lexical analysis, parsing, semantic checks, and code generation <strong data-start="380" data-end="404">all at the same time</strong>.</p>
  205. </li>
  206. <li data-start="408" data-end="482">
  207. <p data-start="410" data-end="482">It cannot "look ahead" or revisit code after seeing the whole program.</p>
  208. </li>
  209. </ul>
  210. <p data-start="484" data-end="564">This contrasts with multi-pass compilers (like GCC, Clang, or Rust), which do:</p>
  211. <ol data-start="565" data-end="748">
  212. <li data-start="565" data-end="593">
  213. <p data-start="568" data-end="593">Parse and build an AST.</p>
  214. </li>
  215. <li data-start="594" data-end="625">
  216. <p data-start="597" data-end="625">Perform semantic analysis.</p>
  217. </li>
  218. <li data-start="626" data-end="671">
  219. <p data-start="629" data-end="671">Build intermediate representations (IR).</p>
  220. </li>
  221. <li data-start="672" data-end="720">
  222. <p data-start="675" data-end="720">Run multiple optimization passes on the IR.</p>
  223. </li>
  224. <li data-start="721" data-end="748">
  225. <p data-start="724" data-end="748">Generate machine code.</p>
  226. </li>
  227. </ol>
  228. <p data-start="750" data-end="888">Because V doesn’t maintain a full IR or revisit the code, many sophisticated optimizations become <strong data-start="848" data-end="870">hard or impossible</strong> in a single pass.</p>
  229. <hr data-start="890" data-end="893">
  230. <h3 data-start="895" data-end="939"><strong data-start="899" data-end="939">2. Specific optimization limitations</strong></h3>
  231. <p data-start="940" data-end="1006">Here are some concrete things single-pass compilers struggle with:</p>
  232. <div class="TyagGW_tableContainer"><div tabindex="-1" class="group TyagGW_tableWrapper flex w-fit flex-col-reverse"><table data-start="1008" data-end="1841" class="w-fit min-w-(--thread-content-width)"><thead data-start="1008" data-end="1049"><tr data-start="1008" data-end="1049"><th data-start="1008" data-end="1023" data-col-size="sm">Optimization</th><th data-start="1023" data-end="1049" data-col-size="lg">Single-pass limitation</th></tr></thead><tbody data-start="1091" data-end="1841"><tr data-start="1091" data-end="1253"><td data-start="1091" data-end="1124" data-col-size="sm"><strong data-start="1093" data-end="1123">Global analysis / inlining</strong></td><td data-col-size="lg" data-start="1124" data-end="1253">Cannot easily analyze all function calls across the program before generating code. Inlining decisions are local, not global.</td></tr><tr data-start="1254" data-end="1407"><td data-start="1254" data-end="1282" data-col-size="sm"><strong data-start="1256" data-end="1281">Dead code elimination</strong></td><td data-col-size="lg" data-start="1282" data-end="1407">Only easy to remove immediately obvious unreachable code. Hard to eliminate larger blocks after seeing the whole program.</td></tr><tr data-start="1408" data-end="1562"><td data-start="1408" data-end="1453" data-col-size="sm"><strong data-start="1410" data-end="1452">Loop unrolling / complex optimizations</strong></td><td data-col-size="lg" data-start="1453" data-end="1562">Without multiple passes and IR, these must be very simple, often limited to what can be inferred locally.</td></tr><tr data-start="1563" data-end="1678"><td data-start="1563" data-end="1598" data-col-size="sm"><strong data-start="1565" data-end="1597">Interprocedural optimization</strong></td><td data-col-size="lg" data-start="1598" data-end="1678">Optimizations that require knowledge of other functions/modules are limited.</td></tr><tr data-start="1679" data-end="1841"><td data-start="1679" data-end="1720" data-col-size="sm"><strong data-start="1681" data-end="1719">Advanced SSA / register allocation</strong></td><td data-col-size="lg" data-start="1720" data-end="1841">Single-pass compilers rarely generate SSA (Static Single Assignment) form, which is key for aggressive optimizations.</td></tr></tbody></table><div class="sticky h-0 select-none end-(--thread-content-margin) self-end"><div class="absolute end-0 flex items-end" style="height: 32.9167px;"><span class="" data-state="closed"><button aria-label="Copy table" class="hover:bg-token-bg-tertiary text-token-text-secondary my-1 rounded-sm p-1 transition-opacity group-[:not(:hover):not(:focus-within)]:pointer-events-none group-[:not(:hover):not(:focus-within)]:opacity-0"><svg width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="currentColor" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon"><path d="M12.668 10.667C12.668 9.95614 12.668 9.46258 12.6367 9.0791C12.6137 8.79732 12.5758 8.60761 12.5244 8.46387L12.4688 8.33399C12.3148 8.03193 12.0803 7.77885 11.793 7.60254L11.666 7.53125C11.508 7.45087 11.2963 7.39395 10.9209 7.36328C10.5374 7.33197 10.0439 7.33203 9.33301 7.33203H6.5C5.78896 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  233. <hr data-start="1843" data-end="1846">
  234. <h3 data-start="1848" data-end="1876"><strong data-start="1852" data-end="1876">3. How V compensates</strong></h3>
  235. <ul data-start="1877" data-end="2347">
  236. <li data-start="1877" data-end="1940">
  237. <p data-start="1879" data-end="1940">V <strong data-start="1881" data-end="1904">accepts a trade-off</strong>: speed over maximum optimization.</p>
  238. </li>
  239. <li data-start="1941" data-end="2212">
  240. <p data-start="1943" data-end="2011">It relies on the <strong data-start="1960" data-end="1982">C compiler backend</strong> for heavier optimizations.</p>
  241. <ul data-start="2014" data-end="2212">
  242. <li data-start="2014" data-end="2119">
  243. <p data-start="2016" data-end="2119">V generates straightforward C code, then lets <code data-start="2062" data-end="2067">gcc</code> or <code data-start="2071" data-end="2078">clang</code> optimize it at the machine-code level.</p>
  244. </li>
  245. <li data-start="2122" data-end="2212">
  246. <p data-start="2124" data-end="2212">So, you still get some optimization benefits without slowing down V’s own compilation.</p>
  247. </li>
  248. </ul>
  249. </li>
  250. <li data-start="2214" data-end="2347">
  251. <p data-start="2216" data-end="2347">V also encourages <strong data-start="2234" data-end="2258">simple code patterns</strong>, which naturally compile faster and sometimes more efficiently in single-pass scenarios.</p>
  252. </li>
  253. </ul>
  254. <hr data-start="2349" data-end="2352">
  255. <h3 data-start="2354" data-end="2382"><strong data-start="2358" data-end="2382">4. Trade-off summary</strong></h3>
  256. <ul data-start="2383" data-end="2657">
  257. <li data-start="2383" data-end="2498">
  258. <p data-start="2385" data-end="2498"><strong data-start="2385" data-end="2408">Pros of single-pass</strong>: lightning-fast compilation, instant feedback, minimal memory usage during compilation.</p>
  259. </li>
  260. <li data-start="2499" data-end="2657">
  261. <p data-start="2501" data-end="2657"><strong data-start="2501" data-end="2524">Cons of single-pass</strong>: limited global optimizations, less aggressive code improvement, harder to implement features like advanced generics or templates.</p>
  262. </li>
  263. </ul>
  264. <p data-start="2659" data-end="2842">So yes—single-pass compilation <em data-start="2690" data-end="2718">does restrict optimization</em>, but V cleverly offloads heavy lifting to the backend compiler and relies on language simplicity to maintain performance.</p>
  265. <hr data-start="2844" data-end="2847">
  266. <p data-start="2849" data-end="3040" data-is-last-node="" data-is-only-node="">If you want, I can make a <strong data-start="2875" data-end="2932">diagram comparing single-pass vs multi-pass compilers</strong> showing exactly where optimizations are lost and gained. It’s very illustrative. Do you want me to do that?</p></div></div></div></div><div class="z-0 flex min-h-[46px] justify-start"><div class="touch:-me-2 touch:-ms-3.5 -ms-2.5 -me-1 flex flex-wrap items-center gap-y-4 p-1 select-none touch:w-[calc(100%+--spacing(3.5))] -mt-1 w-[calc(100%+--spacing(2.5))] duration-[1.5s] focus-within:transition-none hover:transition-none touch:pointer-events-auto pointer-events-none [mask-image:linear-gradient(to_right,black_33%,transparent_66%)] [mask-size:300%_100%] [mask-position:100%_0%] motion-safe:transition-[mask-position] group-hover/turn-messages:pointer-events-auto group-hover/turn-messages:[mask-position:0_0] group-focus-within/turn-messages:pointer-events-auto group-focus-within/turn-messages:[mask-position:0_0] has-data-[state=open]:pointer-events-auto has-data-[state=open]:[mask-position:0_0]" style="mask-position: 0% 0%;"><button class="text-token-text-secondary hover:bg-token-bg-secondary rounded-lg" aria-label="Copy" aria-pressed="false" 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3.70606C18.031 4.04235 18.0962 4.40306 18.1289 4.80371C18.1657 5.25395 18.165 5.81091 18.165 6.5V9.33301Z"></path></svg></span></button></div></div></div></div></article><article class="text-token-text-primary w-full focus:outline-none [--shadow-height:45px] has-data-writing-block:pointer-events-none has-data-writing-block:-mt-(--shadow-height) has-data-writing-block:pt-(--shadow-height) [&amp;:has([data-writing-block])&gt;*]:pointer-events-auto scroll-mt-(--header-height)" tabindex="-1" dir="auto" data-turn-id="57f9b9ef-e80c-499d-91ec-2f4f5da79f17" data-testid="conversation-turn-7" data-scroll-anchor="false" data-turn="user" style="scroll-margin-top: -64px;"><h5 class="sr-only">You said:</h5><div class="text-base my-auto mx-auto pt-12 [--thread-content-margin:--spacing(4)] @w-sm/main:[--thread-content-margin:--spacing(6)] @w-lg/main:[--thread-content-margin:--spacing(16)] px-(--thread-content-margin)"><div class="[--thread-content-max-width:40rem] @w-lg/main:[--thread-content-max-width:48rem] mx-auto max-w-(--thread-content-max-width) flex-1 group/turn-messages focus-visible:outline-hidden relative flex w-full min-w-0 flex-col" tabindex="-1"><div class="flex max-w-full flex-col grow"><div data-message-author-role="user" data-message-id="57f9b9ef-e80c-499d-91ec-2f4f5da79f17" dir="auto" class="min-h-8 text-message relative flex w-full flex-col items-end gap-2 text-start break-words whitespace-normal [.text-message+&amp;]:mt-1"><div class="flex w-full flex-col gap-1 empty:hidden items-end rtl:items-start"><div class="user-message-bubble-color corner-superellipse/1.1 relative rounded-[18px] px-4 py-1.5 data-[multiline]:py-3 max-w-[var(--user-chat-width,70%)]" data-multiline=""><div class="whitespace-pre-wrap">so the compilation is in two phases ? v -&gt; c then c-&gt; machine code ?</div></div></div></div></div><div class="z-0 flex justify-end"><div class="touch:-me-2 touch:-ms-3.5 -ms-2.5 -me-1 flex flex-wrap items-center gap-y-4 p-1 select-none focus-within:transition-none hover:transition-none touch:pointer-events-auto touch:opacity-100 duration-300 group-hover/turn-messages:delay-300 pointer-events-none opacity-0 motion-safe:transition-opacity group-hover/turn-messages:pointer-events-auto group-hover/turn-messages:opacity-100 group-focus-within/turn-messages:pointer-events-auto group-focus-within/turn-messages:opacity-100 has-data-[state=open]:pointer-events-auto has-data-[state=open]:opacity-100" style="mask-position: 0% 0%;"><button class="text-token-text-secondary hover:bg-token-bg-secondary rounded-lg" aria-label="Copy" aria-pressed="false" data-testid="copy-turn-action-button" data-state="closed"><span class="flex items-center justify-center touch:w-10 h-8 w-8"><svg width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="currentColor" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon"><path d="M12.668 10.667C12.668 9.95614 12.668 9.46258 12.6367 9.0791C12.6137 8.79732 12.5758 8.60761 12.5244 8.46387L12.4688 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has-data-writing-block:pt-(--shadow-height) [&amp;:has([data-writing-block])&gt;*]:pointer-events-auto scroll-mt-[calc(var(--header-height)+min(200px,max(70px,20svh)))]" tabindex="-1" style="" dir="auto" data-turn-id="request-WEB:b49205b6-1923-47b3-8313-dee163ff198f-3" data-testid="conversation-turn-8" data-scroll-anchor="false" data-turn="assistant"><h6 class="sr-only">ChatGPT said:</h6><div class="text-base my-auto mx-auto [--thread-content-margin:--spacing(4)] @w-sm/main:[--thread-content-margin:--spacing(6)] @w-lg/main:[--thread-content-margin:--spacing(16)] px-(--thread-content-margin)"><div class="[--thread-content-max-width:40rem] @w-lg/main:[--thread-content-max-width:48rem] mx-auto max-w-(--thread-content-max-width) flex-1 group/turn-messages focus-visible:outline-hidden relative flex w-full min-w-0 flex-col agent-turn" tabindex="-1"><div class="flex max-w-full flex-col grow"><div data-message-author-role="assistant" data-message-id="8ef2b9a9-3174-48f5-bf1e-cc16aa52a7f1" dir="auto" class="min-h-8 text-message relative flex w-full flex-col items-end gap-2 text-start break-words whitespace-normal [.text-message+&amp;]:mt-1" data-message-model-slug="gpt-5-mini"><div class="flex w-full flex-col gap-1 empty:hidden first:pt-[1px]"><div class="markdown prose dark:prose-invert w-full break-words light markdown-new-styling"><p data-start="0" data-end="93">Exactly—that’s a very clear way to describe it: V itself compiles in two conceptual phases:</p>
  267. <hr data-start="95" data-end="98">
  268. <h3 data-start="100" data-end="134"><strong data-start="104" data-end="134">Phase 1: V source → C code</strong></h3>
  269. <ul data-start="135" data-end="537">
  270. <li data-start="135" data-end="246">
  271. <p data-start="137" data-end="246">The V compiler parses your <code data-start="164" data-end="168">.v</code> files and does all <strong data-start="188" data-end="243">semantic checks, type checking, and code generation</strong>.</p>
  272. </li>
  273. <li data-start="247" data-end="300">
  274. <p data-start="249" data-end="300">It then emits <strong data-start="263" data-end="279">plain C code</strong>, not machine code.</p>
  275. </li>
  276. <li data-start="301" data-end="429">
  277. <p data-start="303" data-end="429">This C code is usually very straightforward, easy for a C compiler to optimize, and mirrors the V program structure closely.</p>
  278. </li>
  279. <li data-start="430" data-end="537">
  280. <p data-start="432" data-end="537">This phase is <strong data-start="446" data-end="484">where V’s single-pass speed shines</strong>—it generates the equivalent C code almost instantly.</p>
  281. </li>
  282. </ul>
  283. <hr data-start="539" data-end="542">
  284. <h3 data-start="544" data-end="582"><strong data-start="548" data-end="582">Phase 2: C code → machine code</strong></h3>
  285. <ul data-start="583" data-end="962">
  286. <li data-start="583" data-end="704">
  287. <p data-start="585" data-end="704">After V generates C, it invokes a <strong data-start="619" data-end="642">standard C compiler</strong> (GCC, Clang, TinyCC, etc.) to produce the final executable.</p>
  288. </li>
  289. <li data-start="705" data-end="813">
  290. <p data-start="707" data-end="813">The C compiler performs all the traditional <strong data-start="751" data-end="810">optimizations, register allocation, and code generation</strong>.</p>
  291. </li>
  292. <li data-start="814" data-end="962">
  293. <p data-start="816" data-end="962">This is why you can still get <strong data-start="846" data-end="868">optimized binaries</strong> even though V itself doesn’t do heavy optimization—it delegates that to mature C compilers.</p>
  294. </li>
  295. </ul>
  296. <hr data-start="964" data-end="967">
  297. <h3 data-start="969" data-end="989"><strong data-start="973" data-end="989">Implications</strong></h3>
  298. <ol data-start="990" data-end="1343">
  299. <li data-start="990" data-end="1124">
  300. <p data-start="993" data-end="1124"><strong data-start="993" data-end="1035">V compilation itself is extremely fast</strong> because generating C is trivial compared to producing optimized machine code directly.</p>
  301. </li>
  302. <li data-start="1125" data-end="1254">
  303. <p data-start="1128" data-end="1254"><strong data-start="1128" data-end="1170">Optimization depends on the C compiler</strong>, not V. If you use <code data-start="1190" data-end="1199">gcc -O2</code> or <code data-start="1203" data-end="1214">clang -O3</code>, you still get very good performance.</p>
  304. </li>
  305. <li data-start="1255" data-end="1343">
  306. <p data-start="1258" data-end="1343"><strong data-start="1258" data-end="1273">Portability</strong>: Because V outputs C, it can target any platform with a C compiler.</p>
  307. </li>
  308. </ol>
  309. <hr data-start="1345" data-end="1348">
  310. <p data-start="1350" data-end="1541">So, yes—you can think of it as <strong data-start="1381" data-end="1410">two layers of compilation</strong>, but the first layer (V → C) is lightning fast, and the second layer (C → machine code) is handled by battle-tested C compilers.</p>
  311. <p data-start="1543" data-end="1732" data-is-last-node="" data-is-only-node="">If you want, I can explain <strong data-start="1570" data-end="1651">why this two-phase approach is faster than compiling directly to machine code</strong>, even though it sounds like an extra step. It’s a neat trick. Do you want me to?</p></div></div></div></div><div class="z-0 flex min-h-[46px] justify-start"><div class="touch:-me-2 touch:-ms-3.5 -ms-2.5 -me-1 flex flex-wrap items-center gap-y-4 p-1 select-none touch:w-[calc(100%+--spacing(3.5))] -mt-1 w-[calc(100%+--spacing(2.5))] duration-[1.5s] focus-within:transition-none hover:transition-none touch:pointer-events-auto pointer-events-none [mask-image:linear-gradient(to_right,black_33%,transparent_66%)] [mask-size:300%_100%] [mask-position:100%_0%] motion-safe:transition-[mask-position] group-hover/turn-messages:pointer-events-auto group-hover/turn-messages:[mask-position:0_0] group-focus-within/turn-messages:pointer-events-auto group-focus-within/turn-messages:[mask-position:0_0] has-data-[state=open]:pointer-events-auto has-data-[state=open]:[mask-position:0_0]" style="mask-position: 0% 0%;"><button class="text-token-text-secondary hover:bg-token-bg-secondary rounded-lg" aria-label="Copy" aria-pressed="false" 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3.70606C18.031 4.04235 18.0962 4.40306 18.1289 4.80371C18.1657 5.25395 18.165 5.81091 18.165 6.5V9.33301Z"></path></svg></span></button></div></div></div></div></article><article class="text-token-text-primary w-full focus:outline-none [--shadow-height:45px] has-data-writing-block:pointer-events-none has-data-writing-block:-mt-(--shadow-height) has-data-writing-block:pt-(--shadow-height) [&amp;:has([data-writing-block])&gt;*]:pointer-events-auto scroll-mt-(--header-height)" tabindex="-1" dir="auto" data-turn-id="e8486014-5a7b-433d-8bea-7cbb07788396" data-testid="conversation-turn-9" data-scroll-anchor="false" data-turn="user" style="scroll-margin-top: -64px;"><h5 class="sr-only">You said:</h5><div class="text-base my-auto mx-auto pt-12 [--thread-content-margin:--spacing(4)] @w-sm/main:[--thread-content-margin:--spacing(6)] @w-lg/main:[--thread-content-margin:--spacing(16)] px-(--thread-content-margin)"><div class="[--thread-content-max-width:40rem] @w-lg/main:[--thread-content-max-width:48rem] mx-auto max-w-(--thread-content-max-width) flex-1 group/turn-messages focus-visible:outline-hidden relative flex w-full min-w-0 flex-col" tabindex="-1"><div class="flex max-w-full flex-col grow"><div data-message-author-role="user" data-message-id="e8486014-5a7b-433d-8bea-7cbb07788396" dir="auto" class="min-h-8 text-message relative flex w-full flex-col items-end gap-2 text-start break-words whitespace-normal [.text-message+&amp;]:mt-1"><div class="flex w-full flex-col gap-1 empty:hidden items-end rtl:items-start"><div class="user-message-bubble-color corner-superellipse/1.1 relative rounded-[18px] px-4 py-1.5 data-[multiline]:py-3 max-w-[var(--user-chat-width,70%)]" data-multiline=""><div class="whitespace-pre-wrap">so when vlang claims high speed, do they mean the first pass or both ?</div></div></div></div></div><div class="z-0 flex justify-end"><div class="touch:-me-2 touch:-ms-3.5 -ms-2.5 -me-1 flex flex-wrap items-center gap-y-4 p-1 select-none focus-within:transition-none hover:transition-none touch:pointer-events-auto touch:opacity-100 duration-300 group-hover/turn-messages:delay-300 pointer-events-none opacity-0 motion-safe:transition-opacity group-hover/turn-messages:pointer-events-auto group-hover/turn-messages:opacity-100 group-focus-within/turn-messages:pointer-events-auto group-focus-within/turn-messages:opacity-100 has-data-[state=open]:pointer-events-auto has-data-[state=open]:opacity-100" style="mask-position: 0% 0%;"><button class="text-token-text-secondary hover:bg-token-bg-secondary rounded-lg" aria-label="Copy" aria-pressed="false" data-testid="copy-turn-action-button" data-state="closed"><span class="flex items-center justify-center touch:w-10 h-8 w-8"><svg width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="currentColor" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon"><path d="M12.668 10.667C12.668 9.95614 12.668 9.46258 12.6367 9.0791C12.6137 8.79732 12.5758 8.60761 12.5244 8.46387L12.4688 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has-data-writing-block:pt-(--shadow-height) [&amp;:has([data-writing-block])&gt;*]:pointer-events-auto scroll-mt-[calc(var(--header-height)+min(200px,max(70px,20svh)))]" tabindex="-1" style="min-height: calc(100dvh - 248px);" dir="auto" data-turn-id="request-WEB:b49205b6-1923-47b3-8313-dee163ff198f-4" data-testid="conversation-turn-10" data-scroll-anchor="true" data-turn="assistant"><h6 class="sr-only">ChatGPT said:</h6><div class="text-base my-auto mx-auto pb-10 [--thread-content-margin:--spacing(4)] @w-sm/main:[--thread-content-margin:--spacing(6)] @w-lg/main:[--thread-content-margin:--spacing(16)] px-(--thread-content-margin)"><div class="[--thread-content-max-width:40rem] @w-lg/main:[--thread-content-max-width:48rem] mx-auto max-w-(--thread-content-max-width) flex-1 group/turn-messages focus-visible:outline-hidden relative flex w-full min-w-0 flex-col agent-turn" tabindex="-1"><div class="flex max-w-full flex-col grow"><div data-message-author-role="assistant" data-message-id="1c69644c-0c39-4d3c-bc97-3c88f1b1c0a1" dir="auto" class="min-h-8 text-message relative flex w-full flex-col items-end gap-2 text-start break-words whitespace-normal [.text-message+&amp;]:mt-1" data-message-model-slug="gpt-5-mini"><div class="flex w-full flex-col gap-1 empty:hidden first:pt-[1px]"><div class="markdown prose dark:prose-invert w-full break-words light markdown-new-styling"><p data-start="0" data-end="159">When V claims <strong data-start="14" data-end="46">“lightning-fast compilation”</strong>, they are almost always referring to <strong data-start="84" data-end="107">the first pass only</strong>—the V compiler generating C code from <code data-start="146" data-end="150">.v</code> files.</p>
  312. <p data-start="161" data-end="181">Here’s the nuance:</p>
  313. <hr data-start="183" data-end="186">
  314. <h3 data-start="188" data-end="217"><strong data-start="192" data-end="217">1. V → C (first pass)</strong></h3>
  315. <ul data-start="218" data-end="602">
  316. <li data-start="218" data-end="271">
  317. <p data-start="220" data-end="271">This is the part that’s <strong data-start="244" data-end="268">really insanely fast</strong>.</p>
  318. </li>
  319. <li data-start="272" data-end="397">
  320. <p data-start="274" data-end="397">V’s single-pass compiler can parse, type-check, and generate C code <strong data-start="342" data-end="362">almost instantly</strong>, even for fairly large projects.</p>
  321. </li>
  322. <li data-start="398" data-end="500">
  323. <p data-start="400" data-end="500">This is the phase where V truly outshines Go, Rust, or even C++ in terms of raw compilation speed.</p>
  324. </li>
  325. <li data-start="501" data-end="602">
  326. <p data-start="503" data-end="602">It’s the “compile-and-run” speed developers experience for <strong data-start="562" data-end="601">incremental builds or small changes</strong>.</p>
  327. </li>
  328. </ul>
  329. <hr data-start="604" data-end="607">
  330. <h3 data-start="609" data-end="650"><strong data-start="613" data-end="650">2. C → machine code (second pass)</strong></h3>
  331. <ul data-start="651" data-end="959">
  332. <li data-start="651" data-end="736">
  333. <p data-start="653" data-end="736">This step depends entirely on the <strong data-start="687" data-end="701">C compiler</strong> you use (GCC, Clang, TCC, etc.).</p>
  334. </li>
  335. <li data-start="737" data-end="883">
  336. <p data-start="739" data-end="883">If you use a highly optimizing compiler like <code data-start="784" data-end="795">clang -O3</code>, this step can be <strong data-start="814" data-end="849">much slower than the first pass</strong>, especially for large projects.</p>
  337. </li>
  338. <li data-start="884" data-end="959">
  339. <p data-start="886" data-end="959">V itself doesn’t make this faster—it’s offloaded to existing compilers.</p>
  340. </li>
  341. </ul>
  342. <hr data-start="961" data-end="964">
  343. <h3 data-start="966" data-end="1020"><strong data-start="970" data-end="1020">3. How the marketing “compilation speed” works</strong></h3>
  344. <ul data-start="1021" data-end="1432">
  345. <li data-start="1021" data-end="1122">
  346. <p data-start="1023" data-end="1122">When benchmarks say V is faster than Rust or Go, they typically <strong data-start="1087" data-end="1119">measure only the V → C phase</strong>.</p>
  347. </li>
  348. <li data-start="1123" data-end="1302">
  349. <p data-start="1125" data-end="1302">If you include the C compiler’s machine-code generation, the total wall-clock time will be longer—sometimes comparable to Go or even slower for large, highly optimized builds.</p>
  350. </li>
  351. <li data-start="1303" data-end="1432">
  352. <p data-start="1305" data-end="1432">For <strong data-start="1309" data-end="1336">incremental development</strong>, though, the first phase dominates the developer experience, which is why it feels <em data-start="1420" data-end="1429">instant</em>.</p>
  353. </li>
  354. </ul>
  355. <hr data-start="1434" data-end="1437">
  356. <p data-start="1439" data-end="1704">✅ <strong data-start="1441" data-end="1458">Key takeaway:</strong><br data-start="1458" data-end="1461">
  357. The “world’s fastest compilation” claim mostly applies to <strong data-start="1519" data-end="1537">V generating C</strong>, not the full executable build including heavy optimizations. That said, for quick testing, scripting, or iterative development, this speed is a <strong data-start="1683" data-end="1701">huge advantage</strong>.</p>
  358. <hr data-start="1706" data-end="1709">
  359. <p data-start="1711" data-end="1912" data-is-last-node="" data-is-only-node="">If you want, I can make a <strong data-start="1737" data-end="1796">timeline comparison showing V vs Go vs Rust compilation</strong>, separating the “language compile” vs “backend optimization” phases—it really makes this distinction crystal clear.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="z-0 flex min-h-[46px] justify-start"><div class="touch:-me-2 touch:-ms-3.5 -ms-2.5 -me-1 flex flex-wrap items-center gap-y-4 p-1 select-none touch:w-[calc(100%+--spacing(3.5))] -mt-1 w-[calc(100%+--spacing(2.5))] duration-[1.5s] focus-within:transition-none hover:transition-none touch:pointer-events-auto pointer-events-none [mask-image:linear-gradient(to_right,black_33%,transparent_66%)] [mask-size:300%_100%] [mask-position:100%_0%] motion-safe:transition-[mask-position] group-hover/turn-messages:pointer-events-auto group-hover/turn-messages:[mask-position:0_0] group-focus-within/turn-messages:pointer-events-auto 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