2015-04-06 Structure: speculations about the past

Greg Malivuk
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http://www.pastebin.com/u/gmalivuk
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Homework: p. 275 exercise 2 and p. 276 exercise 3
exercise 2
2 carved
3 have
4 must
5 could (“may” in questions usually means permission)
6 have
7 have drawn (“ancient” = in the past)
8 could
9 Could
10 have
exercise 3
2 must not have had (We usually don’t use “mustn’t” for speculations/conclusions.)
3 couldn’t have supported
4 could have developed
5 must have made
6 must have fished
7 must have eaten
8 may have lived
9 could have made
10 had to have come
11 could...have called
12 must have had
13 might have moved
14 couldn’t have created
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p. 277 exercise 4 (in pairs)
2 Dinosaurs must not have survived the cold.
3 A huge meteor might have hit the Earth.
4 A Bigfoot couldn’t have kidnapped Albert Ostman.
5 Ostman must have seen a bear.
6 Ostman could have dreamed about a Bigfoot.
7 He might have made up the story.
8 The man had to have changed the photo.
9 The man might have seen a large fish.
10 The man may have seen a dead tree.
11 A dinosaur couldn’t have been in the lake.
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p. 282 exercise 9 (in pairs) - what could these things have been used for in the past?
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If I’m guessing with a modal:
People might have used this as a mirror.

If I’m guessing with an adverb:
Maybe people used this as a mirror.
People possibly used this as a mirror.
(It’s completed past, so use simple past, not present perfect with “have”.)