National Airlines Flight 193 (May 8, 1978)

Date: May 8, 1978
Passengers: 52
Crew: 6
Fatalities: 3
Cause: "...the possible cause of this accident was the flightcrew's unprofessionally conducted nonprecision instrument approach, in that the captain and the crew failed to monitor the descent rate and altitude, and the first officer failed to provide the captain with required altitude and approach performance callouts. The crew failed to check and utilize all instruments available for altitude awareness, turned off the ground proximity warning system, and failed to configure the aircraft properly and in a timely manner for the approach"


Legend:
CAM     Cockpit area microphone or sound source
RDO     Radio transmission from accident aircraft
APP     Pensacola Approach
GPWS    Ground Proximity Warning System
-1      Voice identified as captain
-2      Voice identified as first officer
-3      Voice identified as second officer
CR		???
*       Unintelligible word
@       Non-pertinent word
&       Third-party personal name
#       Expletive
( )     Questionable insertion
(( ))   Editorial insertion
...     Pause
Times are expressed locally.


---


2115:39		APP		National one ninety-three missed approach procedure...fly runway heading climb and maintain two thousand

2115:43		RDO-2	(The minimum for a) missed approach will be runway heading up to two National one ninety three
			CAM-3	Nav and radio course indicators

2115:50		CAM-2	On the right
			CAM-1	Left
			CAM-3	Flight directors

2115:56		CAM-1	Five flaps
			CAM-2	Comin' five
			CAM-1	Ah I've...I just have mine on the heading mode
			CAM-2	Okay
			CAM-1	I don't need that when he gives me heading, I'll just get it in here and fly it up here
			CAM-?	(Altimeter)
			CAM-?	*

2116:06		CAM-2	Okay it's (Baltimore)
			CAM-3	Flaps and leading edge

2116:10		CAM-1	Power comin' in ((simultaneous with "leading edge"))
			CAM-3	All right

2116:17		CAM-3	Got the latest altimeter setting?
			CAM-1	Ah...no what is it?
			CAM-2	I'll get it

2116:21		RDO-2	Say your latest altimeter please

2116:23		APP		Wind two one zero at seven, altimeter two niner niner four

2116:27		RDO-2	Thank you
			CAM-1	Set

2116:46		CAM-1	One thing about approaching this is you're approaching from over the water

2116:59		APP		National one ninety-three say airspeed

2117:02		RDO-2	Right now it's one six zero

2117:05		APP		Roger, position six miles northeast of airport

2117:07		RDO-2	Thank you

2117:39		APP		National one ninety-three turn right heading one six zero

2117:43		RDO-2	Right turn one six zero, National one ninety-three

2117:49		CAM		((sound resembling slow speed trim))

2118:25		APP		National one ninety-three turn right heading two two zero
			RDO-3	And Miami National one ninety-three ah Pensacola

2118:28		RDO-2	Right two two zero National one ninety-three
			CR 		One nine three Miami
			RDO-3	Okay we're in range Pensacola with the number there and desire electric when we get in
			CAM		((sound resembling slow speed trim))
			CAM-?	Okay
			CAM-3	It is now

2118:30		CAM-3	Almost complete
			CAM-3	Initial checklist should be...

2118:31		CAM-1	Fifteen flaps
			CR		Roger, good night sir
			CAM-3	And good night
			CR		Desire electric

2119:01		APP		National one ninety-three, descend and maintain one thousand five hundred

2119:04		RDO-2	Down to one point five National on ninety-three
			CAM		((sound resembling slow speed trim))

2119:06		CAM		((sound of altitude alert))

2119:10		CAM		((sound of altitude alert for approximately 2s))

2119:20		APP		National one ninety-three position ah five and one half miles from runway...continue to your minimum descent altitude

2119:26		RDO-2	Down to MDA National one ninety-three

2119:29		CAM-1	Twenty-five flaps
			CAM		((sound resembling slow speed trim))

2119:37		APP		National one ninety-three turn right heading two five zero

2119:40		RDO-2	Right two five zero National one ninety-three
			CAM		((sound resembling slow speed trim))

2119:46		CAM		((sound of altitude alert approximately 2s))

2119:54		APP		And National one ninety-three the Eastern jet just ahead of you just missed approach position now four miles from runway

2119:56		CAM		((sound of gear warning horn))

2119:58		RDO-2	Thank you
			CAM		((sound resembling poor handle movement))

2120:00		CAM-1	Gear down
			CAM-1	Power ((being reduced))

2120:01		CAM-1	Landing final checklist
			CAM-3	All right

2120:06		CAM		((sound of altitude alert approximately 2s))

2120:11		CAM-3	Landing gear and lever

2120:12		APP		Do not acknowledge further transmissions three and a half miles from the runway and on course

2120:14		CAM-3	Standing by on the final flaps

2120:15		GPWS	Whoop whoop pull up ((said at same time as "flaps"))
			CAM-1	Okay
			CAM-2	Down three green

2120:16		RDO-2	Check

2120:17		GPWS	Whoop whoop pull up

2120:18		GPWS	Whoop whoop pull up

2120:19		CAM-1	Did you get your thing?

2120:20		GPWS	Whoop whoop pull up

2120:21		CAM-2	Descent rate's keeping it up

2120:22		GPWS	Whoop whoop pull up

2120:25		CAM-2	Okay just a second

2120:26		APP		National one ninety-three, three miles from runway, cleared to land, report the airport if you get it in sight, turn left heading two four right

2120:31		CAM-2	Hey, hey, we're down to ah fifty feet *

2120:33		CAM		((sound of impact))

2120:34				((end of recording))