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- Greg Malivuk
- http://www.pastebin.com/u/gmalivuk - notes from all classes
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- Word roots (list 1) - With your partner, try to explain the meaning of each root with one or two words
- a (apathy, atheism, achromatic) = without
- ab = away/away from
- ad = to/toward
- aer(o) = air
- agri/agro = farm/field (acre = 1/640 square mile = 43,560 square feet)
- ambi = both
- amb(ul) = walk
- ami/amo = love/friendship
- andro = man (often as opposed to woman = gyn)
- anim = movement/spirit
- ann/enn = year
- ante/anti = before
- anthropo = humanity
- anti = against
- aqua = water (sometimes specifically fresh water)
- arch = first (usually first in importance)
- archa = ancient (first in time)
- art = skill
- astro = star
- aud(i) = hear
- auto = self
- bell = war/conflict
- bene = good
- bio = life
- cept/ceive = catch/capture (the roots of “catch” and “capture” are the same)
- cardi(o) = heart
- carn = meat/flesh (We usually say “meat” when it’s dead and “flesh” when it’s living.)
- cede/ceed = go
- cent = hundred(th)
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- TOEFL format: four sections, each worth 30 points
- 1 reading (60-80 minutes, 20 minutes per passage)
- 2 listening (60-90 minutes, about 30 minutes per set of three)
- 10-minute break
- 3 speaking (20 minutes, six speaking tasks)
- 4 writing (about 1 hour total, two tasks)
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- Reading Section
- - each passage has about 14 questions
- - You CAN go back and answer (or change your answer) to earlier questions about the same passage
- Reading Question Types
- - fact
- - negative fact
- - vocabulary
- - paraphrase
- - inference
- - purpose
- - reference
- - sentence insertion (this is always the second-to-last question)
- - summarize (this is the most common last question)
- - organize/categorize (this is the other type of last question)
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- Organization Questions
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- DELTA p. 166 - description of organization/categorize questions
- p. 167 - Take 2 minutes to skim the passage and categorize the answer choices
- high-quality: concentrated sunlight, energy with great ability to do work, high-temperature heat
- low-quality: heat stored in the ocean, energy that is disorganized
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- Handout (Cambridge) p. 223 - Take two minutes to read about underground homes and categorize the answer choices. (Here only one choice is not used. On the TOEFL, two choices will not be used.)
- underground: A D
- conventional: B E
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- BREAK
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- 2 - Take 2 minutes to categorize the information about dueling. Then compare your answers with your partner.
- early: D E (“no longer took place on horseback” means they had been on horses before)
- later: A C
- 3 - Take 2.5 minutes for this one.
- ringtaw: A D
- fortification: C E
- 4 - Take 3 minutes
- artificial: A D
- traditional: C E
- “Unlike some traditional vacation spots, such as beach resorts that have destroyed the beauty (C) of the area and have put heavy burdens on the infrastructure (E) of coastal villages not designed for a large influx of people, these all-purpose resorts were carefully planned to accommodate large numbers of tourists (A).”
- “these all-purpose resorts” = artificial, all-purpose holiday resorts like the ones in the first sentence
- 5 - Take 6 minutes.
- found: D E H
- perhaps don’t: A B F I
- hoax = fake, a big lie meant to trick the public into believing it
- 6 - Take 5 minutes.
- first four: A D G I
- final: C F H
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- Handout (Cengage) p. 167 Passage 1 - Take 5 minutes
- homology: C D F
- analogy: A E
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- Homework: finish the handout (passages 2, 3, 4, 5) If you underline and label the parts of the text where you found each answer, it will be easier to check tomorrow.
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