cctv

Change Default Credentials Immediately

Default Logins: Most cameras come with a default username/password (e.g., “admin/admin”) that is widely known and easily guessed.
Set a Strong Password: Use a passphrase of at least 12 characters with a combination of letters, numbers, and symbols.
Unique Passwords: Avoid reusing passwords from other services to prevent cross-site compromise.

Keep Firmware and Software Updated

Check the Manufacturer’s Website: Regularly look for firmware updates to patch known vulnerabilities.
Automated Updates (if available): Enable automated update checks so you don’t miss critical security patches.
Camera Management Software: Keep the camera’s companion app or management software up to date.

Configure Network Segmentation

Isolate IP Cameras on a Separate VLAN or Network: This prevents attackers from pivoting to sensitive devices if the camera is compromised.
Use Firewall Rules: Restrict inbound and outbound traffic to/from the camera network to only what’s necessary (e.g., only allow connections from the monitoring system or NVR).

Enable Secure Protocols (HTTPS/SSL/TLS)

Use Encrypted Connections: Configure your IP camera to use HTTPS (if supported) instead of HTTP to protect credentials and video streams from eavesdropping.
Certificates: Some enterprise-grade cameras allow custom SSL certificates for encrypted connections—configure these if possible.

Limit or Disable Remote Access

Disable UPnP: Universal Plug and Play can automatically open ports on your router, exposing the camera to the internet. Disable it to reduce risk.
Port Forwarding: If you need remote access, set up VPN access instead of public port forwarding to minimize exposure.
Use Strong Authentication: If remote access is unavoidable, ensure it requires a strong user account and two-factor authentication (2FA) if the camera or your VPN solution supports it.

Regularly Monitor and Review Logs

Camera Logs: Periodically check access logs for suspicious login attempts or unusual activity.
Network Monitoring: Use IDS/IPS or SIEM tools (if you have them) to monitor for unusual traffic patterns on the camera’s network segment.

Disable Unused Features

Audio, Cloud, or P2P Services: Turn off built-in features (e.g., microphone, cloud backup, P2P connections) if not needed, as each service is a potential attack vector.
ONVIF and Other Protocols: If your camera supports multiple protocols (like ONVIF), keep only those required for your specific setup.

Physical Security

Lock Down Access Ports: If someone has physical access to the camera, they may be able to reset it or tap into data streams directly.
Tamper Detection: Some cameras can alert you if they’re moved or opened—enable these alerts if available.