2015-02-05 Structure: reducing adjective clauses

Greg Malivuk
[email protected]
http://www.pastebin.com/u/gmalivuk
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Homework: p. 206 exercise 5
- we had something (which/that/-) we could talk about
- tests which/that show you what you're most interested in
- inventories that tell you
- a person who is classified as an extrovert (use subject form)
  a person whom they classify as an extrovert (change to active)
- things which/that involve being on the stage
- in some way, which doesn't surprise me ("which" = the whole sentence)
- the dormitory where I live
  the dormitory in which I live
  the dormitory which I live in
  the dormitory that I live in
  the dormitory I live in
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* the dormitory in that I live (no "that" after prepositions)
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I really admire my colleagues, whose advice has been invaluable.
= I admire all of them, and all of them have given me good advice.

I really admire my colleagues whose advice has been invaluable.
= I admire only some of them (just the ones with good advice).
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I like all of my students, who come to class on time.
= All of them come on time, and I like all of them.

I like all of my students who come to class on time.
= Some of them come on time, and I like those students.
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identifying/non-identifying
restrictive/non-restrictive
defining   /non-defining
(different books might use a different pair of words)
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p. 214

Darren Corgatelli is the man my aunt is married to.
Darren Corgatelli is the man to whom my aunt is married.
(if it's after a preposition, always use "whom", never "who")

Let's visit the studio. You work for that studio.
-> Let's visit the studio for which you work.
(informal: Let's visit the studio you work for.)

I own 20 movies on DVD. Most of them were directed by Spielberg.
-> I own 20 movies on DVD, most of which were directed by Spielberg.

My favorite movies are enjoyable again and again. Spielberg directed most of them.
-> My favorite movies, most of which Spielberg directed, are enjoyable to watch again and again.

Spielberg's movies have always been very popular. My favorite of his movies is ET.
-> Spielberg's movies, my favorite of which is E.T., have always been very popular.
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He's the actor who's from the film school.
-> He's the actor from the film school.

I'm a person who is classified as an extrovert.
-> I'm a person classified as an extrovert.

I love most movies which are directed by Spielberg.
-> I love most movies directed by Spielberg.

John is the student who is sitting across from me.
-> John is the student sitting across from me.

[relative pronoun] + [be] + participle or preposition
-> reduce to only the participle or preposition
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I'm most interested in things that involve being on the stage.
-> I'm most interested in things involving being on the stage.
("involve" is simple present and means something that is always true)

Heath Ledger is the actor who plays the Joker in the Dark Knight movie.
-> Heath Ledger is the actor playing the Joker in the Dark Knight movie.
(Heath Ledger is dead, so when we talk about his life we would use past verbs. However, when we talk about movies (and books and plays), we can use the simple present, because the movie still exists right now.)

Greg Malivuk is the teacher who taught me grammar yesterday.
* Greg Malivuk is the teacher teaching me grammar yesterday.
(The first sentence uses simple past, so we can't change it this way.)

Greg Malivuk was the teacher teaching me grammar yesterday.
(This is fine, because it's from "...the teacher who was teaching...".)
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noun + [relative pronoun] + [be] + adjective
-> adjective + noun

You should let the people who are tired sit down.
-> You should let the tired people sit down.

noun + [relative pronoun] + [be] + adjective + phrase
-> noun + adjective + phrase

You should let the people who are tired of waiting sit down.
-> You should let the people tired of waiting sit down.
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Homework: finish p. 221 exercise 6 in your book
	  do the exercises on p. 170 of the handout (7.18 and 7.19)