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- Greg Malivuk
- gmalivuk@staffordhouse.com
- http://www.pastebin.com/u/gmalivuk - Notes from all classes
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- Adjective Clauses (Relative Clauses)
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- clause = a group of words that has a subject and verb
- (All sentences have at least one clause.)
- adjective = a word that describes a noun
- adjective clause = a clause that describes a noun
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- What is the difference in meaning between:
- I like all of my students who do their homework.
- = Some of my students do their homework. I like those students.
- I like all of my students, who do their homework.
- = I like all of my students. All of them do their homework.
- - Commas around an adjective clause mean it’s not giving necessary information. The rest of the sentence still has the same meaning without it.
- - Use a comma if the speaker and listener already know which thing(s) it’s about. Don’t use a comma if you need more information to know which it’s about.
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- who = person or people
- (whom = person or people when they’re the object)
- which = thing or things
- that = people or things but not after a comma or preposition
- whose = possessive (to describe a person using a possession: the man whose book I read)
- when = times
- where = place
- why = reason (This is really only used with the word “reason”.)
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- Practice 5 - Underline the adjective clauses in each sentence and circle the relative pronoun. Draw an arrow to the noun it describes.
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- You have to pay attention to the whole sentence in order to understand the structure and what kind of clause it is:
- I don’t remember when you graduated. - noun clause, representing specific information
- They gave you a diploma when you graduated. - adverb clause, giving time information about “gave”
- We met them in 2010, when you graduated. - adjective clause, giving more information about “2010”
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- practice 6 - Complete these sentences with “who” or “which”
- 1 which
- 2 who
- 3 who
- 4 which
- 5 who/that
- 6 which (this refers to the whole expression, “marrying for love”, not just “love”)
- 7 who/that
- 8 who/that
- Which sentences could also use “that”? (These sentences don’t have a comma.)
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- You sometimes need to use the context to figure out which noun is being modified:
- I don’t like talking to people at meetings that last longer than two hours. (that = meetings)
- I don’t like talking to people at meetings that are unprepared. (that = people)
- You shouldn’t drink out of bottles of water that have been opened. (that = bottles)
- You shouldn’t drink out of bottles of water that isn’t clear. (that = water)
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- p. 180
- A person who never votes in elections is not a good citizen.
- - The clause tells us necessary information to identify what kind of person we’re talking about.
- Rachel Moore, who never votes in elections, is not a good citizen.
- - The clause tells us extra information. Rachel’s name already identifies her, so we know who it’s about.
- Clauses with necessary information can be called identifying, defining, or restrictive adjective clauses.
- Clauses with extra information are non-identifying, non-defining, or non-restrictive. Use commas.
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- Homework (to start in class): p. 181 exercise 7 (both parts)
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