2016-05-11 Core: 7 before New York

Greg Malivuk
[email protected]
http://www.pastebin.com/u/gmalivuk - notes from all classes
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Homework: p. 84 part 2 - Complete these sentences about New York with the words from the box.
1 atmosphere
2 public transportation
3 financial
4 modern
5 built up
6 skyscrapers
7 residents
8 neighborhoods
part 3 - With your partner, write sentences about NYC or Boston using the other words
(crime, open spaces, polluted, run-down, traffic)
It’s not usual to see a crime in Boston.
	(crime (count) = a specific illegal action, such as theft; crime (noncount) = the general problem)
Boston has more open spaces than New York City. = There are more open spaces in Boston than NYC.)
Boston is not as polluted as New York City.
A construction company is planning to fix a run-down Green Line train in Boston.
New York has very intense traffic.
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What do you think the New York City area was like before New York City?
Read the article, “Before New York”.
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https://welikia.org/explore/mannahatta-map/ - website for the “Before New York” project
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roam freely = walk around wherever they wanted
troops = soldiers
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p. 84 part 5 - Look at the article again and answer these questions in your own words.
1 His project to study how NYC used to be in the past resulted in a 3D computer model of Manhattan Island in the past, which is shown in the top image.
2 He wants to show New Yorkers the amazing natural potential of New York.
3 The beaver was a symbol of the past, when they used to be common in that area.
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Grammar: “used to” and “would” for the past
Beavers used to be common in that area.
	= Beavers were common for a long time, but now they aren’t common.
I used to drink tea every morning.
	 = This was a habit for some time, but now I don’t drink tea every morning.
My grandparents didn’t use to live in Boston. (notice: “didn’t use to”)
	= They didn’t live in Boston in the past, but now they live in Boston. (they are still alive)

Animals would roam freely through forests.
	= They did this repeatedly in the past.
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used to - past repeated actions and conditions that were true for some time, but now it’s the opposite
would - past repeated actions
	(“would” is most common if someone is reminiscing nostalgically about their past)

If an action happened just once, use simple past. (I moved to Boston in 2008.)
If a situation is the same now as the past, use simple past. (My grandparents didn’t live in Boston.)
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BREAK
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p. 85 part 9 - Rewrite the sentences with “used to” if possible.
1 New York used to be a lot greener than it is now.
2 There used to be a lot of forest and natural landscapes.
3 The residents didn’t use to live in a large city. (Now the residents live in a large city.)
  or: no change - The early residents didn’t live in a large city. (Because the early residents don’t live anywhere now. This is like the dead grandparents example.)
4 People used to hunt beavers for their skins.
5 no change - it only happened once
6 What originally used to be in the area where Fifth Avenue is now?

Simplified #6: What used to be there?
	The subject is “what”, so this is a subject question, which means we don’t need “did”.
not a subject question: Where did you use to live? (subject is “you”, and it goes after “did”)

Who did you use to live with? (not a subject question)
Who used to live in that house? (subject question)
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not subject question / subject question

Who do you live with? / Who lives with you?
Who did you live with? / Who lived with you?
Who have you lived with? / Who has lived with you?
Who are you living with? / Who is living with you?
Who will you live with? / Who will live with you?
How many people will you live with? / How many people live with you?
Whose friends do you live with? / Whose friends live with you?
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part 10 - Complete the paragraph with simple past, “used to”, or “would” (sometimes more than one answer is possible)
1 moved (it happened once -> only simple past)
2 would stand / used to stand (“and stare” -> we must use the base form “stand”)
3 were (“They used to be taller” -> now they aren’t so tall)
4 were (“used to be busier” -> now they aren’t busier than in California)
5 ran / would run / used to run
6 didn’t go / wouldn’t go / didn’t use to go (“wouldn’t go” suggests refusal, which is stronger than “didn’t go”)
7 didn’t own / didn’t use to own (if now they have a car)
8 took / would take / used to take (probably “would”, because the author is thinking nostalgically about this time)
9 would have / used to have (to make it clear that this was repeated every Sunday)
10 would go / used to go
11 was
12 was / used to be

*I stood and stare at the buildings. (WRONG, because the tense doesn’t match)

The buildings were taller than anything I had seen before. (They are still taller than anything I’d seen.)
The Empire State Building used to be taller than anything else in the world. (Now it isn’t.)
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part 11 - Complete the sentences so they are true for you (with “used to” or “would”, if possible), and tell your partners. Ask follow-up questions if you want more information.
1 Before I studied here, I used to work.
2 When I was in elementary school, I used to be a bad boy.
3 Before I moved here, I used to live with my family.
4 I remember one of my first vacations. I went swimming and cried a lot. (This happened on one vacation.)
5 Whenever I had a test at school, I used to forget everything.
6 In my family, on weekends we used to have dinner together.
7 The first time I left home, I was really scared.
8 As a child, I used to play soccer in the street.
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Homework: p. 86 parts 1, 4, 5 (about the reading on p. 87)